Background
Methods
Study population
Outcome parameters
Statistical analysis
Results
Population
Demographic parameter |
n = 62 | |
Age at radiograph (years) | Range | 10–23 |
Mean ± sd | 15.6 ± 2.5 | |
Girls, n (%) | 56 (90.3%) | |
Right convexity of main thoracic curve, n (%) | Right convex | 62 (100%) |
Interval CT–radiograph (days) | Range | −7 to 130 |
Mean ± sd | 2.98 ± 17.2 | |
Interval radiograph–MRI (days) | Range | −46 to 181 |
Mean ± sd | 81.3 ± 51.4 | |
Interval CT–MRI (days) | Range | −26 to 181 |
Mean ± sd | 84.2 ± 47.1 | |
Lenke curve type | ||
I | 26 | |
II | 12 | |
III | 6 | |
IV | 4 | |
V | 5 | |
VI | 9 | |
Exclusion criteria | n | |
Scan interval >6 months | 38 | |
No MRI available | 14 | |
No CT scan available | 10 | |
Incomplete radiologic work-up | 1 | |
Associated congenital or neuromuscular pathologies | 12 | |
Left convex main thoracic curve | 4 | |
Prior spinal surgery | 1 |
Coronal parameters
Upright | Prone | Supine |
P value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
X vs. CT | X vs. MRI | CT vs. MRI | ||||
Thoracic | ||||||
Cobb (°) | 68.2 ± 15.4 | 53.9 ± 14.8 | 56.7 ± 13.5 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Kyphosis (°) | 25.8 ± 11.4 | 22.4 ± 11.6 | 17.3 ± 9.8 | 0.004 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Vertebral rotation (°) | 21.6 ± 11.7 | 19.9 ± 8.9 | 16.3 ± 10.8 | 0.161 (0.007) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
Lumbar | ||||||
Cobb (°) | 44.3 ± 16.8 | 33.1 ± 15.0 | 35.2 ± 15.9 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.018 |
Lordosis (°) | 48.8 ± 12.0 | 45.4 ± 10.8 | 43.7 ± 12.4 | 0.006 | <0.001 | 0.341 (0.620)a
|
Vertebral rotation (°) | 10.7 ± 12.8 | 7.5 ± 11.4 | 6.2 ± 13.7 | 0.428 (<0.001) | 0.663 (0.129)a
| 0.679 (0.006) |
ICC (95% CI) |
P value | |
---|---|---|
Thoracic Cobb angle | 0.967 (0.950–0.979) | <0.001 |
Lumbar Cobb angle | 0.964 (0.945–0.977) | <0.001 |
Thoracic kyphosis | 0.873 (0.806–0.919) | <0.001 |
Lumbar lordosis | 0.854 (0.777–0.907) | <0.001 |
Thoracic apical rotation | 0.815 (0.718–0.882) | <0.001 |
Lumbar apical rotation | 0.900 (0.848–0.937) | <0.001 |
Cobb angle | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Upright X-ray | Prone CT scan | Supine MRI | ||
Cobb angle | Upright X-ray | – | Th: CT (°) = −6.2 + 0.88 * X-ray (°) L: CT (°) = −2.7 + 0.81 * X-ray (°) | Th: MRI (°) = 2.9 + 0.79 * X-ray (°) L: MRI (°) = −2.1 + 0.85 * X-ray (°) |
Prone CT | Th: X-ray (°) = 16.6 + 0.96 * CT (°) L: X-ray (°) = 11.1 + 1.00 * CT (°) | – | Th: MRI (°) = 11.0 + 0.85 * CT (°) L: MRI (°) = 4.9 + 0.92 * CT (°) | |
Supine MRI | Th: X-ray (°) = 10.8 + 1.01 * MRI (°) L: X-ray (°) = 9.5 + 0.98 * MRI (°) | Th: CT (°) = −2.8 + 1.00 * MRI (°) L: CT (°) = 2.6 + 0.86 * MRI (°) | – |
Axial rotation
Sagittal parameters
Reliability
X-ray | CT scan | MRI scan | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Intra | Inter | Intra | Inter | Intra | Inter | |
Thoracic Cobb | 0.993 (0.971–0.998) | 0.972 (0.888–0.993) | 0.997 (0.988–0.999) | 0.995 (0.980–0.999) | 0.995 (0.982–0.999) | 0.974 (0.896–0.994) |
Lumbar Cobb | 0.999 (0.996–1.00) | 0.995 (0.980–0.999) | 0.999 (0.996–1.00) | 0.995 (0.981–0.999) | 0.997 (0.990–0.999) | 0.986 (0.945–0.997) |
Thoracic kyphosis | 0.989 (0.954–0.997) | 0.922 (0.610–0.984) | 0.931 (0.722–0.983) | 0.864 (0.454–0.966) | 0.992 (0.967–0.998) | 0.940 (0.759–0.985) |
Lumbar lordosis | 0.986 (0.944–0.997) | 0.989 (0.956–0.997) | 0.995 (0.980–0.999) | 0.973 (0.890–0.993) | 0.995 (0.981–0.999) | 0.971 (0.884–0.993) |
Thoracic rotation | 0.979 (0.915–0.995) | 0.977 (0.906–0.994) |
a
|
a
| 0.939 (0.756–0.985) | 0.744 (0.409–0.964) |
Lumbar rotation | 0.975 (0.899–0.994) | 0.996 (0.985–0.999) |
a
|
a
| 0.906 (0.620–0.977) | 0.885 (0.539–0.972) |