Background
Methods
Study protocol
Clinical evaluation
Echocardiography
Statistical analysis
Results
Echocardiograpic examination | |||
---|---|---|---|
Yes [n = 81] | No [n = 196] | p value | |
Females [%] | 67 | 75 | 0.20* |
Living independently [%] | 78 | 55 | <0.001* |
ADL (IQR) [points] | 10 (9-14) | 16 (10-25) | <0.001‡ |
IADL (IQR) [points] | 23 (17-29) | 33 (25-36) | <0.001‡ |
GARS (IQR) [points] | 33 (26-42) | 49 (35-61) | <0.001‡ |
MMSE (IQR) [points] | 28 (26-29) | 22 (15-27) | <0.001‡ |
GDS-15 (>4) [%] | 14.8 | 32 | <0.001‡ |
History of cardiovascular disease [%]† | 35 | 43 | 0.15* |
History of heart failure [%] | 19 | 17 | 0.82* |
Diastolic blood pressure (SD) [mmHg] | 73 (9) | 71 (10) | 0.17* |
Systolic blood pressure (SD) [mmHg] | 155 (16) | 150 (19) | 0.03* |
Echocardiography
Mean [SD] | |
---|---|
LV end-diastolic diameter (mm) | 47 ± 8 |
LV end-systolic diameter (mm) | 30 ± 8 |
Interventricular septum thickness (mm) | 13 ± 3 |
Posterior wall thickness (mm) | 11 ± 2 |
LV ejection fraction (%) | 66 ± 13 |
LV mass index (g/m2) | 126 ± 37 |
Left atrium diameter (mm) | 42 ± 9 |
E/A ratio | 0.7 ± 0.2 |
Mitral Valve | |
---|---|
Mitral stenosis (%) | 0 (0%) |
Mitral regurgitation (%) | 59 (73%) |
Mild | 20 (25%) |
Moderate | 24 (30%) |
Severe | 15 (19%) |
Aortic Valve
| |
Aortic stenosis (%) | 14 (17%) |
Mild (mean ΔP < 25 mmHg) | 9 (11%) |
Moderate (mean ΔP 25 - 40 mmHg) | 4 (5%) |
Severe (mean ΔP > 40 mmHg) | 1 (1%) |
Aortic regurgitation (%) | 38 (47%) |
Mild | 15 (19%) |
Moderate | 17 (21%) |
Severe | 6 (7%) |
Tricuspid valve
| |
Tricuspid stenosis (%) | 0 (0%) |
Tricuspid regurgitation (%) | 25 (31%) |
Mild | 8 (10%) |
Moderate | 5 (6%) |
Severe | 12 (15%) |
Ability to perform activities of daily living and heart valvular disease
No valvular disease (N = 20) | Any valvular disease (N = 61) | One valve diseased (N = 38) | Two valve diseased (N = 23) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
GARS score | ||||
Mean (SD) | 36.2 ± 9.2 | 34.4 ± 13.2 * | 35.4 ± 14.4 | 32.7 ± 11.1†‡
|