Background
Methods
Result
Characteristics of the study participants
Variable | Not delayed (total = 134) | Delayed (total = 250) | Total (%) (N = 384) |
---|---|---|---|
Gender | |||
Male
| 88(22.9) | 150(39.1) | 238 (62.0) |
Female
| 46(12.0) | 100(26.0) | 146 (38.0) |
Age
| |||
< 21
| 53(13.8) | 58(15.1) | 111 (28.9) |
21-30
| 56(14.6) | 107(27.9) | 163 (42.4) |
31-40
| 15(3.9) | 48(12.5) | 63 (16.4) |
41-50
| 6(1.6) | 18(4.7) | 24 (6.2) |
51-60
| 1(0.3) | 12(3.1) | 13 (3.4) |
> 60
| 3(0.8) | 7(1.8) | 10 (2.6) |
Marital status
| |||
Single
| 88(22.9) | 127(33.1) | 215 (56.0) |
Married live together
| 38(9.9) | 88(22.9) | 126 (32.8) |
Married not live together
| 3(0.8) | 7(1.8) | 10 (2.6) |
Divorced
| 3(0.8) | 20(5.2) | 23 (6.0) |
Widowed
| 2(0.5) | 8(2.1) | 10 (2.6) |
Educational status
| |||
Attended formal education
| 107(27.9) | 178(46.4) | 285 (74.2) |
Cannot read and write
| 24(6.2) | 58(15.1) | 82 (21.4) |
Read and write only
| 3(0.8) | 14(3.6) | 17 (4.4) |
Religion
| |||
Muslim
| 85(22.1) | 161(41.9) | 246 (64.1) |
Orthodox
| 29(7.6) | 55(14.3) | 84 (21.9) |
Protestant
| 20(5.2) | 33(8.6) | 53 (13.8) |
Others*
| 0(0.0) | 1(0.3) | 1 (0.3) |
Ethnicity
| |||
Oromo
| 91(23.7) | 165(43.0) | 256 (66.7) |
Amhara
| 13(3.4) | 39(10.2) | 52 (13.5) |
Dawro
| 9(2.3) | 8(2.1) | 17 (4.4) |
Keffa
| 7(1.8) | 8(2.1) | 15 (3.9) |
Yem
| 3(0.8) | 6(1.6) | 9 (2.3) |
Others**
| 11(2.9) | 24(6.2) | 35 (9.1) |
Occupation
| |||
Student
| 48(12.5) | 52(13.5) | 100 (26.0) |
Farmer
| 27(7.0) | 66(17.2) | 93 (24.2) |
House wife
| 17(4.4) | 41(10.7) | 58 (15.1) |
Government employee
| 17(4.4) | 28(7.3) | 45 (11.7) |
Merchant
| 8(2.1) | 21(5.5) | 29 (7.6) |
Daily laborer
| 4(1.0) | 8(2.1) | 12 (3.1) |
Others***
| 13(3.4) | 34(8.9) | 47 (12.2) |
Place of origin
| |||
In Jimma zone
| 119(31.0) | 219(57.0) | 338 (88.0) |
Outside of Jimma zone
| 15(3.9) | 31(8.1) | 46 (12.0) |
Type of residency
| |||
Rural
| 65(16.9) | 115(29.9) | 204 (53.1) |
Urban
| 69(18.0) | 135(35.2) | 180 (46.9) |
Mental health seeking behavior
Variable | Frequency | Percent |
---|---|---|
who insisted/informed to visit (N = 384) | ||
No one | 145 | 37.8 |
Family | 126 | 32.8 |
Former patient | 75 | 19.5 |
Friend | 24 | 6.2 |
Previous provider | 22 | 5.7 |
Relative | 14 | 3.6 |
Neighbor | 18 | 4.7 |
Religious leader | 1 | 0.3 |
Other people | 4 | 1.0 |
Perception of mental illnesses
Perceived Illness | No (N = 384) | % |
---|---|---|
Psychological and Behavioral Problems | ||
Anxiety related | 365 | 95.1 |
Depression related | 360 | 93.8 |
Interpersonal problems | 318 | 82.8 |
Other neurotic symptoms | 296 | 77.1 |
Violent or aggressive behavior | 254 | 66.1 |
Other disturbed behavior | 201 | 52.3 |
Suicide attempt | 181 | 47.1 |
Drug related problems | 147 | 38.3 |
Alcohol related problem | 79 | 20.6 |
Other organic symptoms | 61 | 15.9 |
Fits/alterations of consciousness | 34 | 8.9 |
Psychotic symptoms | 16 | 4.2 |
Somatic symptoms
| ||
Sleep disturbance | 348 | 90.6 |
Headache | 222 | 57.8 |
Weakness/lethargy | 123 | 32.0 |
Loss of weight | 102 | 26.6 |
Dizziness | 87 | 22.7 |
Fever | 56 | 14.6 |
Abdominal pain | 50 | 13.0 |
Cough/cold/influenza | 36 | 9.4 |
Back/chest pain | 34 | 8.9 |
Genito-urinary symptoms | 32 | 8.3 |
Other somatic symptoms | 16 | 4.2 |
Characteristics | Frequency | Percent |
---|---|---|
What kind of people mental illness affects | ||
Angry and stressed | 145 | 37.8 |
people who use drug | 100 | 26.0 |
People with crisis | 66 | 17.2 |
Those who think a lot | 50 | 13.0 |
Others* | 23 | 6.0 |
Perceived Causes of mental illness
| ||
Spiritual possession | 198 | 51.6 |
I do not know | 73 | 19.0 |
Evil eye | 61 | 15.9 |
Family history | 57 | 14.8 |
Sinful act | 41 | 10.7 |
Pathogens | 37 | 9.6 |
Stress | 13 | 3.4 |
Others | 23 | 6.0 |
Believe mental illness can be cured
| ||
Yes | 379 | 98.7 |
I am not sure | 4 | 1.0 |
No | 1 | 0.3 |
Perceived severity of Mental illness
| ||
Very high severe | 119 | 31.0 |
high severe | 199 | 51.8 |
Severe | 58 | 15.1 |
less severe | 8 | 2.1 |
Community perception for mental illness
| ||
Very high shameful | 51 | 13.3 |
Highly shameful | 152 | 39.6 |
Shameful | 120 | 31.2 |
Not as such shameful | 28 | 7.3 |
Not at all shameful | 33 | 8.6 |
Types of medically diagnosed mental illness
Determinants of treatment seeking for mental health
Variable | Early mental health seeking behavior | OR (95.0% C.I.) | |
---|---|---|---|
Yes | NO | ||
Suicide attempt
| |||
No | 82(40.4%) | 121(59.6%) | 1 |
Yes | 52(28.7%) | 129(71.3%) | 0.2(0.09,0.65) |
Headache
| |||
No | 43(26.5%) | 119(73.5%) | 1 |
Yes | 91(41.0%) | 131(59.0%) | 3.3(1.17, 9.24) |
Abdominal pain
| |||
No | 109(32.6%) | 225(67.4%) | 1 |
Yes | 25(50.0%) | 25(50.0%) | 6.1(1.32,28.56) |
Patient age (in years)
| |||
< 21 | 53(47.7%) | 58 (52.3%) | 1 |
21-30 | 56(34.0%) | 107 (65.6%) | 0.9(0.28,2. 82) |
31-40 | 15(23.8) | 48(76.2%) | 10.7(1.99,56.99) |
41-50 | 6 (25.0%) | 18(75.0%) | 1.1(0.12,10.69) |
51-60 | 1(7.7%) | 12(92.3%) | 5.3(0.27,106.61) |
> 60 | 3(30.0%) | 7(70.0%) | 2.5(0.10,62.67) |