Background
Methods
Study population
Definition of a SARS case
Data collection
Variable name | Definition |
---|---|
Socio-demographics
| |
Age | Year |
Gender | 1 = Male, 2 = Female |
Marital status | 1 = Unmarried, 2 = Married, 3 = Others |
Educational level | 1 = Senior school, 2 = Technical secondary school, 3 = Junior college, 4 = university, 5 = Master degree, 6 = PhD |
Professional title | 1 = Doctor, 2 = Nurse, 3 = Health attendant, 4 = Technician in laboratory, 5 = Others |
Department | 1 = SARS ward, 2 = Emergency department/Fever clinic, 3 = Infectious disease, 4 = Respiratory disease, 5 = Others |
Use of personal protective and control measures
| |
Number of gowns worn | 0 = Single, 1 = Double |
Number of multilayered cotton mask worn | 0 = Single, 1 = Double |
Number of pairs of gloves worn | 0 = Single, 1 = double |
Frequency of wearing shoe cover | 0 = Never, 1 = Sometimes, 2 = Often, 3 = Every time |
Frequency of wearing cap | 0 = Never, 1 = Sometimes, 2 = Often, 3 = Every time |
Frequency of face shield in SARS ward | 0 = Never, 1 = Sometimes, 2 = Often, 3 = Every time |
Frequency of wearing goggles while performing operation for SARS patients | 0 = Never, 1 = Sometimes, 2 = Often, 3 = Every time |
Health-related behaviors
| |
Frequency of washing uncovered skin after caring for SARS patients | 0 = Never, 1 = Sometimes, 2 = Often, 3 = Every time |
Frequency of washing hands after caring for SARS patients | 0 = Never, 1 = Sometimes, 2 = Often, 3 = Every time |
Frequency of washing nasal cavity after caring for SARS patients | 0 = Never, 1 = Sometimes, 2 = Often, 3 = Every time |
Frequency of washing oral cavity after caring for SARS patients | 0 = Never, 1 = Sometimes, 2 = Often, 3 = Every time |
SARS patient care
| |
Special training for SARS | 0 = No, 1 = Yes |
Performing tracheotomy | 0 = No, 1 = Yes |
Performing tracheal intubations | 0 = No, 1 = Yes |
Caring for "Super Spreading Patient" | 0 = No, 1 = Yes |
Avoiding face to face while caring for patient | 0 = Never, 1 = Sometimes, 2 = Often, 3 = Every time |
Other relevant control measures
| |
Method of air ventilation in offices and SARS wards | 1 = Artificial central ventilation (windows were closed in wards), 2 = Natural ventilation (windows were opened in wards), 3 = Natural ventilation and additional electronic exhaust fan (windows were opened in wards, at the same time, electronic exhaust fans were used for improving air circulation in wards) |
Type of equipment for washing hands | 1 = Automatic tap, 2 = Non-automatic tap, 3 = Others |
Data analysis
Results
Socio-demographic characteristic of the surveyed subjects
Second Affiliated Hospital | Third Affiliated Hospital | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Socio-demographic characteristics | No. | % | No. | % |
Age (years)
| ||||
<26 | 152 | 42.1 | 113 | 28.5 |
26~30 | 83 | 23.0 | 126 | 31.7 |
31~35 | 59 | 16.3 | 67 | 16.9 |
36~40 | 37 | 10.3 | 39 | 9.8 |
>40 | 30 | 8.3 | 52 | 13.1 |
Gender
| ||||
Male | 80 | 22.2 | 101 | 25.5 |
Female | 281 | 77.8 | 295 | 74.5 |
Marital status
| ||||
Unmarried | 209 | 57.9 | 172 | 43.3 |
Married | 147 | 40.7 | 213 | 53.7 |
Others | 5 | 1.4 | 12 | 3.0 |
Educational level
| ||||
Senior school | 17 | 4.7 | 46 | 11.6 |
Technical secondary school | 157 | 43.5 | 138 | 34.8 |
Junior college | 58 | 16.1 | 72 | 18.1 |
University | 74 | 20.5 | 43 | 10.8 |
MD/PhD | 55 | 15.2 | 98 | 24.7 |
Department
| ||||
SARS ward | 227 | 68.2 | 111 | 33.8 |
Emergency department/Fever clinic | 25 | 7.5 | 52 | 15.9 |
Infectious disease department | 5 | 1.5 | 120 | 36.6 |
Respiratory diseases department | 42 | 12.6 | 15 | 4.6 |
Others | 34 | 10.2 | 30 | 9.1 |
Professional title
| ||||
Doctor | 105 | 29.1 | 134 | 33.8 |
Nurse | 199 | 55.1 | 174 | 43.8 |
Health attendant | 15 | 4.2 | 40 | 10.1 |
Technician in laboratory | 25 | 6.9 | 13 | 3.3 |
Others | 17 | 4.7 | 36 | 9.1 |
Logistic regression analysis
Risk factors | SARS case | Control | OR (95% CI) | P value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number of gowns worn
| Single | 42 | 189 | 2.12 (1.36~3.31) | <0.001 |
Double | 49 | 468 | |||
Number of multilayered cotton mask
| Single | 32 | 116 | 2.53 (1.57~4.07) | <0.001 |
Worn
| Double | 59 | 541 | ||
Number of pairs of gloves worn
| Single | 81 | 400 | 5.20 (2.65~10.23) | <0.001 |
Double | 10 | 257 | |||
Frequency of wearing shoe cover
| Never | 55 | 237 | 3.80 (2.24~6.45) | <0.001 |
Sometimes | 8 | 26 | 5.04 (2.04~12.48) | <0.001 | |
Often | 7 | 50 | 2.29 (0.93~5.67) | >0.05 | |
Every time | 21 | 344 | 1.00 | ||
Frequency of wearing cap
| Never | 68 | 380 | 1.79 (1.03~3.10) | <0.05 |
Sometimes | 3 | 63 | 0.48 (0.14~1.67) | >0.05 | |
Often | 2 | 34 | 0.59 (0.13~2.65) | >0.05 | |
Every time | 18 | 180 | 1.00 | ||
Frequency of wearing face shield in
| Never | 89 | 506 | 4.05 (0.54~30.34) | >0.05 |
SARS ward
| Sometimes | 1 | 107 | 0.22 (0.01~3.56) | >0.05 |
Often | 0 | 21 | --- | --- | |
Every time | 1 | 23 | 1.00 | ||
Frequency of wearing goggles while
| Never | 88 | 483 | 7.83 (1.07~57.63) | <0.05 |
performing operation for SARS patients
| Sometimes | 2 | 103 | 0.84 (0.07~9.45) | >0.05 |
Often | 0 | 28 | --- | --- | |
Every time | 1 | 43 | 1.00 | ||
Frequency of washing uncovered skin
| Never | 62 | 339 | 3.29 (1.29~8.43) | <0.05 |
after caring for SARS patients
| Sometimes | 17 | 142 | 2.16 (0.77~6.05) | >0.05 |
Often | 7 | 86 | 1.47 (0.45~4.79) | >0.05 | |
Every time | 5 | 90 | 1.00 | ||
Frequency of washing hands after caring
| Never | 23 | 186 | 0.89 (0.52~1.51) | >0.05 |
for SARS patients
| Sometimes | 5 | 35 | 1.03 (0.38~2.75) | >0.05 |
Often | 18 | 113 | 1.14 (0.64~2.06) | >0.05 | |
Every time | 45 | 323 | 1.00 | ||
Frequency of washing nasal cavity after
| Never | 66 | 398 | 3.21 (0.98~10.53) | >0.05 |
caring for SARS patients
| Sometimes | 20 | 154 | 2.51 (0.72~8.77) | >0.05 |
Often | 2 | 47 | 0.82 (0.13~5.13) | >0.05 | |
Every time | 3 | 58 | 1.00 | ||
Frequency of washing oral cavity after
| Never | 69 | 376 | 3.26 (1.15~9.21) | <0.05 |
caring for SARS patients
| Sometimes | 17 | 147 | 2.05 (0.67~6.33) | >0.05 |
Often | 1 | 63 | 0.28 (0.03~2.59) | >0.05 | |
Every time | 4 | 71 | 1.00 | ||
Special training for SARS
| No | 74 | 421 | 2.44 (1.41~4.23) | <0.001 |
Yes | 17 | 236 | |||
Performing tracheotomy
| Yes | 6 | 11 | 4.15 (1.50~11.50) | <0.01 |
No | 85 | 646 | |||
Performing tracheal intubations
| Yes | 16 | 17 | 8.03 (3.90~16.56) | <0.001 |
No | 75 | 640 | |||
Caring for "Super Spreading Patient "
| Yes | 69 | 268 | 4.55 (2.75~7.54) | <0.001 |
No | 22 | 389 | |||
Avoiding face to face while caring for
| Never | 40 | 182 | 1.00 | |
patient
| Sometimes | 23 | 200 | 0.64 (0.36~1.10) | >0.05 |
Often | 24 | 173 | 0.53 (0.31~0.93) | <0.05 | |
Every time | 4 | 113 | 0.16 (0.06~0.46) | <0.001 | |
Method of air ventilation in offices and
| ACV | 20 | 295 | 1.00 | |
SARS wards
| NV | 54 | 333 | 0.28 (0.14~0.54) | <0.001 |
NVEEF | 17 | 29 | 0.17 (0.06~0.25) | <0.001 | |
Type of equipment for washing hands
| AT | 5 | 125 | 1.00 | |
NAT | 85 | 509 | 4.18 (1.66~10.51) | <0.001 | |
Others | 1 | 23 | 1.09 (0.12~9.74) | >0.05 |
Risk factors | OR (95% CI) | P value |
---|---|---|
Caring for "Super Spreading Patient" (No = 0: yes = 1)
| 3.57(1.94~6.57) | <0.001 |
Avoiding face to face contact while caring for SARS patients
| ||
Never | 1.00 | |
Sometimes | 0.67(0.36~1.24) | >0.05 |
Often | 0.30(0.10~0.90) | <0.05 |
Every time | 0.30(0.15~0.60) | <0.001 |
Number of pairs of gloves worn (Double = 0: single = 1)
| 4.13(1.99~8.55) | <0.001 |
Method of air ventilation in office and SARS ward
| ||
Artificial central ventilation | 1.00 | |
Natural ventilation | 0.40(0.18~0.88) | <0.05 |
Natural ventilation and additional electronic exhaust fan | 0.27(0.16~0.63) | <0.01 |
Performing tracheal intubations (No = 0: yes = 1)
| 2.76(1.16~6.53) | <0.05 |