Background
Methods
In vivo study
Study site
Inclusion procedure
Treatment and follow-up
Laboratory methods
Sample size
Data entry and analysis
Genotypic analysis
Results
Efficacy study
Characteristics | AS/AQ (n = 110) | AS/SP (n = 110) | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Gender ratio
| M/F | 54/56 0.96 | 51/59 0.86 | 0.16 |
Age (months)
| Mean (SD) | 29.5 (14.9) | 28.7 (12.9) | 0.68 |
Middle-upper arm circumference (mm)
| Mean (SD) | 149.2 (12.5) | 147.6 (10.8) | 0.29 |
Axillary temperature (°C)
| Median (IQR) | 39.0 (37.8–39.8) | 39.1 (38.1–40.0) | 0.46 |
Haemoglobin (g/dL)
| Mean (SD) | 8.7 (2.0) | 8.7 (1.9) | 0.92 |
Asexual parasitaemia (/μL)
| Geometric mean (IQR) | 40,492 20,121–97,615 | 34,716 15,658–41,226 | 0.45 |
Gametocyte carriage
| n (%) 95% CI | 13 (11.8) 6.4 – 19.3 | 11 (10.0) 5.1 – 17.8 | 0.66 |
Results | AS/AQ (n = 102) | AS/SP (n = 99) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | % | 95%CI | N | % | 95%CI | |
Early Treatment failure
| 0 | 0 | 0–3.5 | 1 | 1 | 0–5.5 |
Late Treatment Failure
| 1 | 1.0 | 0–3.5 | 0 | 0 | 0–3.7 |
Total failure
| 1 | 1.0 | 0–5.3 | 1 | 1.0 | 0–5.5 |
ACPR
| 101 | 99.0 | 94.7–99.8 | 98 | 99.0 | 94.5–99.8 |
Genotypic analysis
Genotype Frequencies | n | % | 95% CI |
---|---|---|---|
dhps
(N = 114)
| |||
wild type, | 8 | 7.0 | 3.1–13.6 |
single mutant 436 | 31 | 27.2 | 19.3–36.3 |
single mutant 437 | 38 | 33.3 | 24.8–42.8 |
double mutant 436–437 | 29 | 25.4 | 17.7–34.4 |
double mutant 437–540 | 8 | 7.0 | 3.1–13.6 |
dhfr
(N = 148)
| |||
wildtype | 20 | 13.5 | 8.4–20.1 |
double mutant 59–108 | 2 | 1.4 | 0.2–4.8 |
triple mutant 51–59–108 | 126 | 85.1 | 78.4–90.4 |
dhps
and
dhfr
combined (N = 110)
| |||
quintuple mutant: dhfr 51–59–108 &dhps 437–540 | 8 | 7.3 | 3.2–13.8 |
quintuple mutant: dhfr 51–59–108 & dhps 436–437 | 27 | 24.5 | 16.8–33.7 |
dhfr 51–59–108 & dhps single mutant | 54 | 49.1 | 39.4–58.8 |
Three or less mutations | 21 | 19.1 | 12.2–27.7 |
Prevalence | No of individuals (Single+majority+mixed aplotypes) | % | 95% CI |
---|---|---|---|
dhps
(N = 135)
| |||
Double mutant 437&540 | 14 (6+2+6) | 10.4 | 5.8–16.8 |
Double mutant 436&437 | 36 (22+7+7) | 26.7 | 19.4–35.0 |
dhfr
(N = 160)
| |||
triple mutant 51–59–108 | 137 (121+5+11) | 85.6 | 79.2–90.7 |
dhfr
and
dhps
(N = 135)
| |||
triple mutant 51–59–108 with double mutant 437&540 | 13 (6+2+5) | 9.6 | 5.2–15.9 |