Background
Methods
Subjects
Study Design
Study products and diets
Blood pressure and heart rate measurements
Weight and height measurements
24-hour urine collection
Blood Samples
Study Diaries
Data management and statistical analysis
Results
Subjects
Smart Salt®
(n = 22) | Regular salt (n = 23) | |
---|---|---|
Female/Male (n)
| 13/9 | 9/14 |
Age (years)
| 57 (12) | 54 (11) |
Pre-trial blood pressure (mmHg)
1
| ||
Systolic
| 141 (8) | 138 (9) |
Diastolic
| 87 (6) | 88 (7) |
Pre-trial body weight (kg)
| 77 (12) | 85 (17) |
Body weight (kg) (Visit 3)
| 77 (12) | 85 (16) |
Body weight (kg) (Visit 6)
| 77 (13) | 84 (16) |
Pre-trial body mass index (kg/m
2
)
| 28 (3) | 28 (3) |
Body mass index (kg/m
2
) (Visit 3)
| 28 (3) | 28 (3) |
Body mass index (kg/m
2
) (Visit 6)
| 28 (3) | 28 (3) |
Smokers (n)
| 3 | 3 |
Alcohol users (n)
| 18 | 21 |
Subjects having regular
2
exercise (n)
| 19 | 19 |
Pre-trial consumption of salt (points)
3
| 11.7 (2.5) | 11.9 (1.4) |
Subjects using vitamin/mineral supplements before intervention (n)
| 13 | 10 |
Subjects using vitamin/mineral supplements during intervention (n)
| 8 | 7 |
Subjects using other food supplements (n)
| 7 | 8 |
Consumption of test products
Dietary sodium chloride intake
Smart Salt®
(n = 22) Mean (SD) | Regular salt (n = 23) Mean (SD) | p-value | |
---|---|---|---|
Daily NaCl intake during intervention (calculated from product diaries) (grams)
| 5.3 (1.6) | 8.5 (2.0) | p < 0.0011
|
Daily NaCl intake calculated from dU-Na (grams)
| |||
Visit 3 (-1 day) | 8.8 (3.2) | 10.2 (2.9) | NS2
|
Visit 6 (+8 weeks) | 6.8 (3.3) | 10.1 (3.1) | p < 0.0022
|
p-value
3
| p = 0.012 | NS | |
Changes in daily NaCl intake during intervention calculated from dU-Na
| |||
grams | -2.0 (3.6) | -0.1 (2.8) | NS (p = 0.050)4
|
% | -18.5 (28.8) | 3.1 (34.7) | p = 0.0331
|
Changes in daily NaCl intake during intervention calculated from baseline dU-Na and NaCl intake calculated from diaries
| |||
grams | -3.5 (2.9) | -1.7 (3.7) | NS1
|
% | -35.1 (21.6) | -7.8 (40.0) | p = 0.0071
|
Blood pressure
Smart Salt®
(n = 22) | Regular salt (n = 23) | p-value | p-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)
| p < 0.0011
| |||
Visit 3 (0 week) | 140 (13) | 134 (9) | NS3
| |
Visit 4 (+3 weeks) | 133 (8)a
| 140 (9) | p = 0.0283
| |
Visit 5 (+6 weeks) | 132 (10)b
| 139 (10) | NS3
| |
Visit 6 (+8 weeks) | 132 (7)c
| 138 (9) | NS (p = 0.076)3
| |
p-value
1
(p < 0.001) | ||||
p-value
2
| p = 0.016 | NS (p = 0.072) | ||
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)
| p = 0.0071
| |||
Visit 3 (0 week) | 89 (8) | 88 (7) | NS3
| |
Visit 4 (+3 weeks) | 86 (6) | 90 (6) | NS3
| |
Visit 5 (+6 weeks) | 86 (6) | 91 (8) | NS3
| |
Visit 6 (+8 weeks) | 86 (7) | 90 (7) | NS3
| |
p-value
1
(p = 0.007) | ||||
p-value
2
| NS (p = 0.094) | NS |
24-hour urinary sodium, potassium, magnesium and creatinine
Smart Salt (n = 22) | Regular salt (n = 23) | p-value | p-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
dU- Na (mmol) | ||||
Visit 3 (-1 day) | 130 (47) | 151 (44) | NS1
| |
Visit 6 (+8 weeks) | 100 (49) | 150 (46) | p < 0.0021
| |
p-value
| p = 0.0122
| NS2
| ||
Change: 0 wk vs +8 wk
| -29.8 (53.3) | -0.9 (42.0) | NS (p = 0.050)3
| |
dU-K (mmol)
| p = 0.0034
| |||
Visit 3 (-1 day) | 79 (31) | 82 (22) | NS5
| |
Visit 6 (+8 weeks) | 95 (32) | 66 (22) | p = 0.0025
| |
p-value
3
(p = 0.003) | ||||
p-value
| NS6
| p = 0.0346
| ||
Change: 0 wk vs +8 wk
| 16.0 (37.4) | -15.7 (29.0) | p < 0.0017
| |
dU-Mg (mmol)
| NS8
| NS4
| ||
Visit 3 (-1 day) | 4.54 (1.61) | 4.67 (1.24) | ||
Visit 6 (+8 weeks) | 5.14 (1.97) | 4.46 (1.67) | ||
p-value
9 (NS) | ||||
Change: 0 wk vs +8 wk
| 0.60 (1.82) | -0.21 (1.31) | p = 0.0287
| |
dU-Crea (mmol)
| ||||
Visit 3 (-1 day) | 12 (4) | 14 (4) | NS1
| |
Visit 6 (+8 weeks) | 11 (4) | 12 (4) | NS1
| |
p-value
| NS2
| p = 0.0302
| ||
dU-Na/dUCrea
| ||||
Visit 3 (-1 day) | 11.5 (4.1) | 11.9 (3.8) | NS1
| |
Visit 6 (+8 weeks) | 11.7 (12.7) | 12.7 (4.0) | p = 0.0041
| |
p-value
| NS2
| NS2
|