Background
Cell-free miRNAs and possible release mechanisms
Putative functional roles of circulating miRNAs
Circulating miRNAs reflect physiological and pathological changes
Serum miRNAs as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis
Tumor entity | References | Study Design | Sample Size | Circulating miRNAs examined | Technology | Normalization | Promising circulating miRNAs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
B-Cell Lymphoma
| Lawrie et al. [23] | Tumor vs. normal, retrospective study on prognosis | 60 patients vs. 43 healthy controls | 3 | Quantitative RT-PCR |
miRNA-16
| miRNA-155, miRNA-210, and miRNA-21 |
Breast Cancer
| Heneghan et al. [73] | Tumor vs. normal | 83 patients vs. 44 healthy controls | 7 | Quantitative RT-PCR |
miRNA-16
| miRNA-195 and let7a |
Zhu et al. [83] | Tumor vs. normal | 13 patients vs. 8 healthy controls | 3 | Quantitative RT-PCR | 18 s rRNA |
miRNA-155
| |
Colon Cancer
| Huang et al. [60] | Tumor vs. normal |
Screening:
20 patients vs. 20 healthy controls
Validation:
80 patients, 37 adenomas and 39 healthy controls | 12 | Quantitative RT-PCR |
miRNA-16
| miRNA-29 and miRNA92a |
Ng et al. [57] | Tumor vs. normal, tissue and serum |
Screening:
5 plasma samples, associated tumor/normal tissue
1.validation:
25 patients vs. 20 healthy controls
2. validation
180 samples | 95 | Quantitative RT-PCR Array |
RNU6B
| miR-17-3p and miR-92 | |
Gastric Cancer
| Tsujiura et al. [85] | Tumor vs. Normal |
Screening:
8 samples and associated tissue
Validation:
69 patients vs. 30 healthy controls | 5 | Quantitative RT-PCR |
RNU6B
| miR-17-5p, miR-21, miR-106a, miR-106b and
let-7a
|
Leukemia
| Tanaka et al. [56] | Tumor vs. Normal |
Screening:
2 patients vs. 7 healthy controls
Validation:
61 patients vs. 16 healthy controls | 723 | microRNA Microarray (Agilent Technologies) |
miRNA-638
|
miRNA-92a
|
Lung Cancer
| Chen et al. [24] | Tumor vs. normal |
Screening:
Pool analysis
Validation:
152 patients vs. 75 healthy controls | Genome-wide profiling by Solexa sequencing | Solexa sequencing, Quantitative RT-PCR | Directly normalized to total RNA | miRNA-25 and miRNA-223 |
Hu et al. [74] | Study on prognosis (Overall survival) |
Screening:
60 patients
Validation:
243 patients | Genome-wide profiling by Solexa sequencing | Solexa sequencing, Quantitative RT-PCR | Referenced to control healthy serum sample | miR-486, miR-30 d, miR-1 and miR- 499 | |
Oral Cancer
| Liu et al. [80] | Tumor vs. normal | 43 patients vs. 21 healthy controls | 1 | Quantitative RT-PCR arrays |
miRNA-16
|
miR-31
|
Ovarian Cancer
| Resnick et al. [67] | Tumor vs. normal |
Screening:
9 patients vs. 4 healthy controls
Validation:
19 patients vs. 11 healthy controls | 365 | Quantitative RT-PCR arrays |
U44/U48 and miRNA-142-3p
| miRNA-21, miRNA-92, miRNA-93, miRNA-126, miRNA-29a, miRNA-155, miRNA-127 and miRNA-99b |
Pancreatic Cancer
| Ho et al. [28] | Tumor vs. normal |
Screening:
11 patients vs. 14 healthy controls,
Validation:
11 patients vs. 11 healthy controls | 1 | Quantitative RT-PCR arrays | c. elegans spike-in miRNA-54 |
miRNA-210
|
Wang et al. [61] | Tumor vs. normal | 49 patients vs. 36 healthy controls | 4 | Quantitative RT-PCR arrays |
miRNA-16
| miR-21, miR-210, miR-155, and miR-196a | |
Prostate Cancer
| Mitchell et al. [25] | Tumor vs. normal |
Screening:
Pool analysis
Validation:
25 patients vs. 25 healthy controls | 6 | Quantitative RT-PCR | c. elegans spike-in cel-miR-39, celmiR-54, and cel-miR-238 |
miRNA-141
|
Brase et al. [72] | Low grade vs. high grade |
Screening:
7 high grade vs. 14 low grade
Validation:
116 patients | 667 | Quantitative RT-PCR arrays | c. elegans spike-in cel-miR-39, celmiR-54, and cel-miR-238 | miRNA-141,
miRNA-375
| |
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
| Wong et al. [81] | Tumor vs. Normal tissue screening, Validation in serum | 30 patients vs. 38 healthy controls | 1 | Quantitative RT-PCR arrays |
miRNA-16
|
miRNA-184
|