Background
Methods
Study population
Image acquisition
Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging
Image processing
Feature tracking analysis
Cardiovascular magnetic resonance tagging
Statistical analysis
Results
Study population and strain analysis
Characteristic | Overall |
---|---|
Male (Total number) | 54 |
Female (Total number) | 91 |
Age (Years) | 29.7 ± 7.6 |
Weight (kg) | 70.7 ± 13.6 |
Height (cm) | 171.2 ± 9.1 |
Body mass index | 24.1 ± 4.4 |
Fasting total cholesterol (mmol/l) | 4.5 ± 1.1 |
Fasting glucose (mmol/l) | 4.8 ± 0.5 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 116.3 ± 11.9 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg). | 70.6 ± 8.2 |
Heart rate (beats/min) | 66.9 ± 9.3 |
Global | Basal | Mid | Apical | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
FT Interobserver agreement | FT Intraobserver agreement | FT Interobserver agreement | FT Intraobserver agreement | FT Interobserver agreement | FT Intraobserver agreement | FT Interobserver agreement | FT Intraobserver agreement | |
Longitudinal Strain | 10.9 | 12.3 | 10.8 | 17.7 | 17.5 | 17.7 | 31.3 | 42.7 |
Longitudinal Strain Rate | 16.2 | 16.0 | 34.3 | 19.2 | 21.1 | 17.8 | 25.6 | 23.2 |
Radial Strain | 32.3 | 22.9 | 13.5 | 48.5 | 26.3 | 14.8 | 29.1 | 23.9 |
Radial Strain Rate | 14.9 | 15.6 | 15.8 | 14.1 | 27.2 | 11.3 | 31.3 | 30.2 |
Circumferential Strain | 4.9 | 2.8 | 3.2 | 6.0 | 4.5 | 6.4 | 9.2 | 6.0 |
Circumferential Strain rate | 7.9 | 6.3 | 15.9 | 6.3 | 6.9 | 18.3 | 17.3 | 9.1 |
Longitudinal Velocity | 13.2 | 22.2 | 24.3 | 23.3 | 33.7 | 32.2 | 65.5 | 31.2 |
Longitudinal Displacement | 18.6 | 31.8 | 25.6 | 18.1 | 37.2 | 34.9 | 43.9 | 75.6 |
Radial Velocity | 2.4 | 6.2 | 5.2 | 5.1 | 5.0 | 4.5 | 6.2 | 7.3 |
Radial Displacement | 2.7 | 4.3 | 7.5 | 4.3 | 6.4 | 4.5 | 7.5 | 5.7 |
Global and regional feature tracking strain deformation values
Longitudinal | Radial | Circumferential | Rotation (deg) | Rotation rate (deg/s) | Torsion (deg) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Level | Strain | Strain rate (s-1) | Velocity (cm/s) | Displacement (cm) | Strain | Strain rate (s-1) | Velocity (cm/s) | Displacement (cm) | Strain | Strain rate (s-1) | |||
Global | −0.19 ± 0.03 | −1.08 ± 0.24 | 2.60 ± 0.55 | 5.04 ± 1.14 | 0.25 ± 0.06 | 1.25 ± 0.4 | 2.5 ± 0.36 | 5.1 ± .073 | −0.21 ± 0.03 | 1.21 ± 0.18 | N/A | N/A | 15.52 ± 7.55 |
Basal | −0.21 ± 0.05 | −1.21 ± 0.36 | 3.38 ± 0.72 | 6.61 ± 1.83 | 0.26 ± 0.08 | 1.23 ± 0.39 | 2.84 ± 0.53 | 6.02 ± 1.08 | −0.22 ± 0.04 | −1.33 ± 0.28 | −8.44 ± 6.06 | −59.79 ± 33.44 | N/A |
Mid | −0.19 ± 0.04 | −1.08 ± 0.27 | 2.65 ± 0.69 | 6.37 ± 10.15 | 0.24 ± 0.08 | 1.25 ± 0.36 | 2.48 ± 0.41 | 4.89 ± 0.82 | −0.18 ± 0.03 | −1.05 ± .018 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
Apical | −0.16 ± 0.05 | −0.98 ± 0.34 | 1.7 ± 0.74 | 2.74 ± 1.15 | 0.23 ± 0.09 | 1.18 ± 0.43 | 2.19 ± 0.41 | 4.38 ± 0.82 | −0.21 ± 0.38 | −1.26 ±0.25 | 7.36 ± 5.38 | 52.90 ± 28.78 | N/A |
Longitudinal | Radial | Circumferential | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Level | Strain | Strain rate (s-1) | Vel (cm/s) | Displacement (cm) | Strain | Strain rate (s-1) | Vel (cm/s) | Displacement (cm) | Strain | Strain rate (s-1) |
Basal | ||||||||||
Anterior | −0.21 ± 0.10 | −1.08 ± 0.88 | 4.13 ± 1.83 | 8.15 ± 4.54 | 0.39 ± 0.21 | 1.73 ± 0.81 | 3.12 ± 0.99 | 6.69 ± 2.08 | −0.22 ± 0.08 | −1.06 ± 2.77 |
Lateral | −0.20 ± 0.11 | −1.61 ± 3.82 | 3.29 ± 1.55 | 5.85 ± 3.25 | 0.35 ± 0.17 | 1.93 ± 0.35 | 2.88 ± 0.75 | 5.89 ± 1.70 | −0.26 ± 0.10 | −1.59 ± 0.69 |
Posterior | −0.24 ± 0.11 | −1.49 ± 0.69 | 3.72 ± 1.75 | 7.01 ± 3.00 | 0.26 ± 0.14 | 1.18 ± 0.56 | 3.01 ± 0.81 | 6.24 ± 1.69 | −0.23 ± 0.08 | −1.41 ± 0.58 |
Inferior | −0.16 ± 0.09 | −0.87 ± 0.58 | 2.64 ± 1.15 | 5.16 ± 2.86 | 0.17 ± 0.11 | 0.93 ± 0.49 | 3.03 ± 0.9 | 6.51 ± 1.91 | −0.20 ± 0.09 | −1.21 ± 0.57 |
Septum | −0.15 ± 0.08 | −1.08 ± 0.59 | 3.55 ± 1.73 | 5.86 ± 3.31 | 0.12 ± 0.08 | 0.81 ± 0.49 | 2.38 ± 0.75 | 5.04 ± 1.57 | −0.22 ± 0.09 | −1.26 ± 0.62 |
Anterior Septum | −0.24 ± 0.12 | −1.5 ± 0.77 | 3.29 ± 1.81 | 7.30 ± 3.89 | 0.22 ± 0.12 | 1.13 ± 0.69 | 2.6 ± 0.8 | 5.67 ± 1.65 | −0.20 ± 0.07 | −1.20 ± 0.57 |
Mid | ||||||||||
Anterior | −0.23 ± 0.08 | −1.21 ± 0.61 | 3.36 ± 1.72 | 6.05 ± 3.17 | 0.33 ± 0.18 | 1.61 ± 0.74 | 2.45 ± 0.58 | 4.92 ± 1.15 | −0.18 ± 0.06 | −1.05 ± 0.38 |
Lateral | −0.22 ± 0.11 | −1.36 ± 0.74 | 2.98 ± 1.58 | 4.17 ± 2.9 | 0.32 ± 0.14 | 1.69 ± 0.8 | 2.6 ± 0.56 | 5.05 ± 1.12 | −0.19 ± 0.06 | −1.09 ± 0.45 |
Posterior | −0.18 ± 0.09 | −1.14 ± 0.67 | 2.59 ± 1.33 | 4.68 ± 2.58 | 0.26 ± 0.13 | 1.25 ± 0.5 | 2.56 ± 0.65 | 4.95 ± 1.3 | −0.18 ± 0.06 | −1.10 ± 0.37 |
Inferior | −0.13 ± 0.07 | −0.73 ± 0.42 | 2.64 ± 1.15 | 4.86 ± 2.58 | 0.16 ± 0.09 | 0.89 ± 0.44 | 2.50 ± 0.60 | 4.9 ± 1.22 | −0.17 ± 0.06 | −1.05 ± 0.37 |
Septum | −0.15 ± 0.08 | −0.91 ± 0.51 | 2.97 ± 1.57 | 4.14 ± 2.26 | 0.13 ± 0.08 | 0.85 ± 0.46 | 2.38 ± 0.6 | 4.67 ± 1.22 | −0.18 ± 0.06 | −1.04 ± 0.37 |
Anterior Septum | −0.19 ± 0.12 | −1.22 ± 0.83 | 2.49 ± 1.37 | 4.79 ± 2.1 | 0.22 ± 0.13 | 1.25 ± 0.64 | 2.41 ± 0.59 | 4.83 ± 1.14 | −0.17 ± 0.06 | −0.93 ± 0.38 |
Apical | ||||||||||
Anterior | −0.18 ± 0.07 | −1.11 ± 0.60 | 1.49 ± 0.77 | 2.66 ± 1.39 | 0.29 ± 0.14 | 1.42 ± 0.61 | 2.09 ± 0.51 | 4.20 ± 0.98 | −0.20 ± 0.05 | −1.12 ± 0.34 |
Lateral | −0.13 ± 0.07 | −0.83 ± 0.43 | 3.07 ± 2.33 | 2.37 ± 2.03 | 0.24 ± 0.14 | 1.28 ± 0.60 | 2.27 ± 0.54 | 4.48 ± 1.06 | −0.22 ± 0.05 | −1.31 ± 0.43 |
Inferior | −0.16 ± 0.07 | −0.9 ± 0.44 | 1.53 ± 0.88 | 3.19 ± 1.81 | 0.14 ± 0.12 | 0.90 ± 0.55 | 2.30 ± 0.53 | 4.60 ± 0.91 | −0.23 ± 0.07 | −1.38 ± 0.47 |
Septum | −0.13 ± 0.07 | −0.88 ± 0.46 | 1.95 ± 1.24 | 2.33 ± 1.43 | 0.18 ± 0.10 | 1.07 ± 0.57 | 2.09 ± 0.51 | 4.22 ± 1.05 | −0.21 ± 0.07 | −1.21 ± 0.48 |
CMR FT | CMR Tagging | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Male (n = 54) | Female (n = 62) | P Value | Male (n = 7) | Female (n = 13) | P Value | |
Age | 27.46 ± 5.06 | 26.59 ± 4.64 | 0.29 | 26.76 ± 1.53 | 27.57 ± 1.51 | 0.35 |
Systolic BP | 115.61 ± 10.61 | 112.96 ± 10.74 | 0.24 | 110.31 ± 5.87 | 116.42 ± 12.67 | 0.35 |
Diastolic BP | 68.15 ± 7.45 | 69.98 ± 6.99 | 0.25 | 66.61 ± 6.65 | 69.42 ± 4.31 | 0.35 |
BMI | 23.99 ± 3.06 | 23.11 ± 4.03 | 0.02 | 23.89 ± 3.20 | 21.26 ± 2.11 | 0.06 |
LV Mass Index | 63.83 ± 5.07 | 49.27 ± 7.93 | <0.001 | 57.45 ± 9.16 | 42.34 ± 5.99 | 0.002 |
EF CMR | 63.88 ± 5.07 | 64.35 ± 5.23 | 0.62 | 63.76 ± 4.56 | 65.42 ± 4.57 | 0.28 |
Longitudinal Strain | −0.17 ± 0.04 | −0.18 ± 0.04 | 0.04 | −0.14 ± 0.01 | −0.16 ± 0.01 | 0.005 |
Longitudinal Strain Rate (s-1) | −0.98 ± 0.28 | −1.13 ± 0.31 | 0.02 | −0.69 ± 0.66 | −0.81 ± 0.12 | 0.09 |
Circumferential Strain | −0.20 ± 0.02 | −0.21 ± 0.03 | 0.86 | −0.19 ± 0.02 | −0.19 ± 0.02 | 0.08 |
Circumferential Strain Rate (s-1) | −1.19 ± 0.16 | −1.16 ± 0.15 | 0.31 | −0.84 ± −0.10 | −0.91 ± 0.64 | 0.12 |
Radial Strain | 0.23 ± 0.04 | 0.22 ± 0.06 | 0.02 | 0.15 ± 0.04 | 0.10 ± 0.02 | 0.003 |
Radial Strain Rate (s-1) | 1.16 ± 0.17 | 1.13 ± 0.49 | 0.03 | 0.98 ± 0.31 | 0.65 ± 0.89 | 0.014 |
Radial Velocity (cm/s) | 2.60 ± 0.29 | 2.29 ± 0.28 | <0.001 | |||
Radial Displacement (mm) | 5.24 ± 0.60 | 4.76 ± 0.69 | <0.001 | |||
Longitudinal Velocity (cm/s) | 3.04 ± 0.91 | 3.14 ± 1.06 | 0.64 | |||
Longitudinal Displacement (mm) | 4.51 ± 1.91 | 4.90 ± 1.98 | 0.28 |
Feature tracking and tagging comparison
CMR Tagging vs. FT agreement | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Global | Basal | Mid | Apical | |||||
Variable | Bias | LOA | Bias | LOA | Bias | LOA | Bias | LOA |
Longitudinal Strain | −0.01 | −0.16 to 0.03 | −0.06 | −0.19 to 0.06 | −0.05 | −0.21 to 0.11 | 0.04 | −0.12 to 0.20 |
Longitudinal Strain Rate (s-1) | −0.22 | −0.82 to 0.37 | 0.01 | −0.16 to 0.19 | 0.03 | −0.05 to 0.12 | −0.02 | −0.12 to 0.07 |
Radial Strain | 0.11 | −0.01 to 0.23 | 0.12 | 0.03 to 0.23 | 0.12 | −0.05 to 0.30 | 0.08 | −0.13 to 0.30 |
Radial Strain Rate (s-1) | 0.26 | −0.34 to 0.86 | 0.20 | −0.71 to 1.11 | 0.41 | −0.32 to 1.16 | 0.17 | −0.83 to 1.16 |
Circumferential Strain | −0.007 | −0.06 to 0.04 | −0.05 | −0.14 to 0.04 | 0.02 | −0.04 to 0.07 | 0.009 | −0.05 to 0.07 |
Circumferential Strain rate (s-1) | −0.21 | −0.53 to 0.11 | −0.44 | −1.09 to 0.21 | −0.07 | −0.42 to 0.27 | −0.12 | −0.50 to 0.25 |