Introduction
Methods
Reference | n | Study type | Follow-up (years) | Age, mean (range), years | Operation duration, min | Analgesia duration, epidural/ IV, days | Mean blood loss, mL | Mean LOS, days | Outcome, >good/ excellent, % | Non-displacement complication/ self-resolving, % | Requiring reoperation, % | Bar displacement, % | Number of bars removed, % | Symptoms | Lung function | Cardiac function |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
19
|
R
|
22.6 (20–27)
|
96.5
|
3/--
|
6.1
|
0/--
|
21
| |||||||||
19
|
R
|
2.4 (.3-5.9)
|
19.5 (17–42)
|
126
|
3/--
|
5.8
|
42/31
|
10.5
|
10.5
|
32
| ||||||
96
|
P
|
1.8 (0.4 - 3.0)
|
24.5 (18–42)
|
80
c
|
<10
|
7.2
|
92/73
|
3/1
|
2
|
2
|
7
| |||||
30
|
R
|
23 (18–32)
|
3/--
|
6
|
86/50
|
20/4
|
6.7
| |||||||||
35
|
23 (18–47)
|
65
c
|
(4–5)/--
|
7
c
|
34/--
|
14.3
|
40
| |||||||||
43
|
P
|
1.9 (0.5 - 5)
|
22 (18–39)
|
70
|
9.3
|
--/91
|
23/--
|
0
|
2.3
|
35
|
Same
| |||||
12
|
R
|
3.4
|
27 (20–52)
|
127.3
|
10
|
64/--
|
58/--
|
42
|
8.3
| |||||||
8
|
R
|
1.8
|
(19–32)
|
92
|
2.8/<5
|
4
|
100/50
|
0
|
25
|
50
|
Better
|
Better
| ||||
Zganjer [42] | 128 | R | 3.6 | 13.8 (8–21) | --/4 | 35 | 10 | 95/73d
| 41/20 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 42 | Better | Better | ||
Esteves [35]a
| 26 | R | 15.3 (5.0-19) | 90.3 | 3/-- | 5.07 | 4/-- | 12 | ||||||||
Nuri [43] | 12 | R | 3.6 (0.3 - 7) | 9 (4.0-21) | 0 | 33.3 | ||||||||||
Densmore [44] | 117 | R | 4 | 12.9 (8.0-18) | 118 | --/3.8 | <10 | 5.8 | 21/-- | 16 | 12 | 100 | ||||
Mao [45] | 115 | R | 7.9 (2.7-18) | 59.5 | --/5.1 | 8.5 | 98/90 | 20/6 | 1.7 | 2.6 | 32 | |||||
Felts [46] | 25 | 2.2 | 13.8 (5.0-18) | 3/-- | 7 | 96/-- | 20/-- | 4 | 4 | 52 | Better | |||||
Lam [25] | 19 | R | 15.4 (13–18) | 72.1 | 3.7/-- | 4.5 | ||||||||||
Sigalet [47] | 26 | P | >2 | 13.2 | 5 | 11.5 | 11.5 | Better | Better | Same | ||||||
Kubiak [48] | 15 | 15.9 (10.7-18.1) | 33/20 | 6.7 | 13.3 | Better | Better | |||||||||
Kelly [24]a,b
| 284 | P | 0.2 | 13.6 (8.0-21) | 97/90 | 98/47 | 2.5 | |||||||||
Coln [49]a
| 123 | R | <2 | 13 (5.0-18) | --/2.9 | 3.1 | 11/-- | 0.8 | Better | Better | ||||||
Aronson [39] | 141 | 13 (5.0-17) | 65c
| 7c
| 24/-- | 0.7 | 12.8 | 55 | ||||||||
Kim [32] | 39 | R | 3.4 | 8.9 (1.5-19) | 60.7 | 5.9 | 83/-- | 25/-- | 7.7 | 5.1 | ||||||
Bohosiewicz [50] | 66 | R | 11.8 (1.0-19) | --/85 | 15/-- | 1.5 | 36 | |||||||||
Watanabe [51] | 53 | R | 9 (4.0-18) | 76 | --/4.3 | 4 | 8.9 | 26/2 | 3.8 | 7.5 | ||||||
Ohno [33] | 23 | R | 7.6 (3.0-19) | 143.5 | 16.5 | 7.9 | --/78 | 13/-- | 8.7 | |||||||
Inge [30] | 43 | R | 1.4 (0.6 - 2.8) | 11 (4–19) | 70 | 0/-- | 2.4 | 90/ | 14/-- | 4.7 | 4.7 | |||||
Fonkalsrud [34] | 68 | R | 12 (5.0-19) | 75 | 3/5 | 90 | 6.5 | 13/-- | 10.2 | 8.8 | 26 | |||||
Molik [27] | 35 | R | 9.5 (5.0-20) | 198 | 3/3.8 | 4.8 | 37/-- | 22.9 | 17.1 | |||||||
Miller [29] | 80 | R | 9.4 (<21) | 53 | 20 | 3.7 | 95/-- | 45/8 | 5 | 5 | 20 | Better | ||||
Engum [52] | 20 | R | 1.2 (0.2-1.6) | 8.2 (5–15) | 4.9 | 40/35 | 15 | 20 | ||||||||
Nuss [21] | 42 | R | 4.6 (1–9.2) | (<15) | 15 | 4.3 | 87/73d
| 24/7 | 4.8 | 4.8 |
Reference | n | Study type | Follow-up (years) | Age, mean (range), years | Operation duration, min | Analgesia duration, epidural/ IV, days | Mean blood loss, mL | LOS, days | Outcome, >good/ excellent, % | Non-displacement complication, attention/ self-resolving, % | Requiring reoperation, % | Strut displacement, % | Number of struts removed, % | Symptoms | Lung function | Cardiac function |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
70
|
P
|
1
|
27 (18–62)
|
Better
|
Better
| |||||||||||
320
|
R
|
2.2; (0.1 - 21)
|
27 (19–67)
|
191
|
0/2
|
2.9
|
8/--
|
1
d
|
0
|
Better
| ||||||
108
|
R
|
(17–39)
|
91/60
|
10
| ||||||||||||
Lam [25] | 24 | 15.5 (13–18) | 84.1 | 1.3/2.8 | 3.9 | 50 | ||||||||||
Hu [56] | 398 | R | 4.2 (1–16) | 4.6 (2.5-18) | 99/-- | 1.3/-- | 7 | 1 | Better | Better | Better | |||||
Kelly [24]a,b
| 43 | P | 0.2 | 15.9 (8.0-21) | 98/68 | 63/42 | Better | |||||||||
Inge [30] | 25 | R | 3.5 (2.5-4) | 12 (4–18) | 195 | 0/-- | 197 | 4.4 | 85/-- | 4/-- | 0 | 0 | ||||
Lansman [57] | 75 | R | 0.5-13 | 8.2 (<16) | 121 | 41/-- | 17 | 17.3 | ||||||||
Molik [27] | 68 | R | 12.6 (5.0-20) | 282 | 0.6/1.8 | 4 | 19.1/-- | 6 | 0 | |||||||
Miller [29] | 32 | R | 11.5 (0–21) | 143 | 200 | 3.2 | 94/-- | 18.8/-- | 3 | Better | ||||||
Lane-Smith [58] | 161 | R | 8.8 (1–21.5) | 6.4 (2–17) | 150 | 80 | 6.1c
| 83/-- | 7 | |||||||
Haller [55] | 352 | R | >2 | (1–17) | 99/78 | <1 | ||||||||||
Gilbert [59] | 32 | R | 2.2 | (3–16) | 3.1/3.1 | 0 | 34 | 100 | ||||||||
Holcomb [60] | 40 | R | 3.8 | (2–16) | 95/68 | 5 |
Reference | n | Study type | Follow-up (years) | Age, mean (range), years | Operation duration range, min | Anasthesia duration, Epi/IV, days | Mean blood loss, mL | Mean LOS, days | Outcome, >good/ excellent, % | Non-displacement complication, attention/ self-resolving, % | Requiring reoperation, % | Bar/strut displacement, % | Number of bars removed, % | Symptoms | Lung function | Cardiac function improved |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
16
|
R
|
6 (0.5-20)
|
43 (21–64)
|
69/6
|
62.5/--
|
18.8
| ||||||||||
11
|
16.3
|
29 (21–47)
|
137.2
|
3.6
|
0/--
| |||||||||||
20
|
R
|
4.5 (0.8-11.5)
|
20 (17–42)
|
5
|
90/80
|
85/--
| ||||||||||
Luzzi [61] | 23 | R | 16 | 5 | 89/64 | 47.8/-- | 9 | Better | No change | |||||||
Lansman [57] | 8 | R | (0.5-13) | <16 | 87 | 0/-- | 88/38 | 12.5/-- | 0 | 12.5 |
Cohort | Ravitch adult | Nuss adult | Implant adult | Robicsek pediatric | Ravitch pediatric | Nuss pediatric |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number of references
|
3
|
8
|
3
| 2 | 13 | 22 |
Follow-up, mean (range) years
|
2.0 (0.08 - 21) (n = 390)
|
2 (0.3 - 5.9) (n = 178)
|
7.8 (n = 47)
| 3.9 (0.2 - 21.5) (n = 1096) | 2.1 (0.2-7) (n = 859) | |
Age, mean (range), years
|
27 (18–67) (n = 390)
|
23.3 (17–52) (n = 254)
|
29.9 (21–64) (n = 47)
| 7.2 (0–21) (n = 809) | 12.0 (1.5-21, n = 1458) | |
Operation duration mean (range), min
|
191 (165–217, n = 320)
|
94 (65–128, n = 101)
|
137.2 (n = 11)
| 87 (n = 8) | 166 (84–282, n = 385) | 86 (65–198, n = 618) |
Anasthesia duration, Epi/IV, days
|
0/2 (n = 320)
|
3 (2.8-3, n = 76)
| 0 (n = 8)/ | 0.6 (0–1.3, n = 117)/2.1 (1.8-20, n = 92) | 2.5 (0–3, n = 216)/4.1 (3–5.1, n = 639) | |
Mean blood loss, mL
|
<10 (n = 96)
| 111 (80–200, n = 218) | 28.6 (4–90, n = 511) | |||
Mean length of stay, days
|
2.9 (n = 320)
|
7.3 (4–10, n = 227)
|
4.5 (3.6-5, n = 31)
| 5 (n = 23) | 5 (3.2-6.1, n = 310) | 6.1 (3.1-10, n = 982) |
Outcome, >good/excellent, %
|
91/60 (n = 108)
|
88 (64–92, n = 138)/73 (50–91, n = 168)
|
81 (69–90, n = 36) /47 (6–80, n = 36)
| 89 (88–89, n = 31)/54 (38–64, n = 31) | 96 (83–99, n = 1051)/76 (68–78, n = 435) | 95 (83–97, n = 756)/85 (73–90, n = 658) |
Non-displacement complication/self-resolving, %
|
8 (n = 320)/
|
21 (0–100, n = 262)/8 (1–50, n = 153)
|
57.4 (0–85, n = 36)/
| 36 (12.5-47.8, n = 31)/ | 12.5 (1.3-63, n = 673)/25 (3.1-42, n = 75) | 38 (4–98, n = 1443)/25 (2–47, n = 737) |
Requiring reoperation, %
|
3.3 (1–10, n = 428)
|
5.3 (0–42, n = 178)
|
18.8 (n = 16)
| 6.3 (0–9, n = 31) | 5.3 (0–17, n = 1183) | 6.3 (0–23, n = 1025) |
Bar/strut displacement, %
|
0 (n = 320)
|
6.1 (2–25, n = 243)
| 12.5 (n = 8) | 6.4 (0–50, n = 622) | 6.6 (0.8-33.3, n = 1389) | |
Number of bars removed, %
|
23 (n = 220)
| 100 (n = 32) | 47 (n = 766) | |||
Symptoms
|
Better (n = 320)
|
Better (n = 8)
| Better (n = 23) | Better (n = 473) | Better (n = 357) | |
Lung function
|
Better (n = 70)
|
Same (n = 43)
| No change (n = 23) | Better (n = 398) | Better (n = 66) | |
Cardiac function improved
|
Better (n = 70)
|
Better (n = 8)
| Better (n = 398) | Better (n = 292) |