Background
Method
Setting, participants, and sample size
Trial design
Intervention details3
Intervention Fidelity
Procedures4
Measures5
Primary study outcomes
Secondary study outcomes
Intermediate R2MR learning outcomes
Additional variables
Covariates
Cross-over
Fidelity checklist
Hypotheses
Statistical analyses
Results
Descriptive statistics
Intervention (n = 1452) | Control (n = 1379) | |
---|---|---|
Sex (n,%) | ||
Male | 1246, 86.53% | 1154, 84.48% |
Female | 194, 13.47% | 212, 15.52% |
Age (mean, SD) | 23.47, 5.51 | 23.38, 5.13 |
Completed education (n,%) | ||
Less than high school diploma or its equivalent | 60, 4.16% | 50, 3.67% |
High school diploma or a high school equivalency certificate | 833, 57.77% | 755, 55.39% |
Trade Certificate or Diploma | 178, 12.34% | 182, 13.35% |
College, CEGEP, or other non-university certificate or diploma (other than trades certificate or diplomas) | 254, 17.61% | 260, 19.08% |
University certificate or diploma below the bachelor’s level | 21, 1.46% | 18, 1.32% |
Bachelor’s degree and University certificate or diploma above the bachelor’s level | 96, 6.66% | 98, 7.19% |
Ethnicity (n,%) | ||
White | 1200, 82.64% | 1141, 82.74% |
Other | 252, 17.36% | 238, 17.26% |
Self-reported general physical health (n,%) | ||
Excellent | 108, 7.49% | 82, 6.02% |
Very Good | 423, 29.33% | 382, 28.05% |
Good | 682, 47.30% | 627, 46.04% |
Fair | 192, 13.31% | 241, 17.69% |
Poor | 37, 2.57% | 30, 2.20% |
Self-reported general mental health (n,%) | ||
Excellent | 230, 15.98% | 178, 13.08% |
Very Good | 571, 39.68% | 542, 39.82% |
Good | 484, 33.63% | 483, 35.49% |
Fair | 129, 8.96% | 136, 9.99% |
Poor | 25, 1.74% | 22, 1.62% |
Shipley score (mean, SD) | 16.22, 4.61 | 16.08, 4.90 |
Social desirability score (mean, SD) | 0.62, 0.21 | 0.61, 0.22 |
K-10 total score (mean, SD) | 19.97, 7.07 | 20.41, 7.25 |
SUDS score (mean, SD) | 43.02, 24.49 | 45.32, 24.53 |
GAD total score (mean, SD) | 8.00, 5.34 | 8.43, 5.46 |
PHQ-9 total score (mean, SD) | 6.55, 5.11 | 7.02, 5.18 |
Resilience (CD-RISC) total score (mean, SD) | 28.91, 5.41 | 28.65, 5.33 |
Lost to follow-up
Cross-over
Main efficacy analyses
Outcomes | Difference between the intervention and control group | ||
---|---|---|---|
Estimatesa | Cohen’s d | p-value | |
Psychological functioning
| |||
K-10 total score | −0.01 | – | 0.98 |
SUDS score | 0.31 | – | 0.78 |
GAD total score | −0.10 | – | 0.66 |
PHQ-9 total score | − 0.03 | – | 0.89 |
Resilience (CD-RISC) total score | −0.14 | – | 0.54 |
Attitude (MHSU)
| |||
Instrumental attitude | 0.09 | – | 0.12 |
Affective attitude | 0.10 | 0.07 | 0.08 |
Intention | −0.01 | – | 0.82 |
Self-efficacy | 0.10 | 0.09 | 0.07 |
Control | 0.04 | – | 0.54 |
Subjective norms | 0.01 | – | 0.79 |
Overall | 0.06 | – | 0.16 |
Outcomes | Difference between the intervention and control group | ||
---|---|---|---|
Estimates | Cohen’s d | p-value | |
Continuous outcomes
a
| |||
Psychological functioning
| |||
K-10 total score | 0.28 | – | 0.55 |
SUDS score | 1.05 | – | 0.54 |
GAD total score | 0.07 | – | 0.82 |
PHQ-9 total score | 0.08 | – | 0.79 |
Resilience (CD-RISC) total score | −0.31 | – | 0.41 |
Attitude (MHSU)
| |||
Instrumental attitude | 0.06 | – | 0.37 |
Affective attitude | 0.10 | – | 0.13 |
Intention | −0.08 | – | 0.26 |
Self-efficacy | 0.09 | – | 0.18 |
Control | 0.03 | – | 0.65 |
Subjective norms | 0.05 | – | 0.42 |
Overall | 0.04 | – | 0.46 |
Mental Health Literacy | 0.06 | 0.09 | 0.07 |
TOPS
| |||
Positive/negative thinking | 0.03 | – | 0.56 |
Imagery | 0.06 | – | 0.32 |
Goal setting | 0.00 | – | 1.00 |
Relaxation | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.06 |
Military Performance
| |||
Force test score at week 8 | 0.24 |
–
| 0.32 |
First aid test score | −0.01 |
–
| 0.98 |
Weapon test score | −0.50 |
–
| 0.19 |
Binary outcomes
b
| |||
BMQ graduationc | 0.71 (0.46–1.10) |
–
| 0.13 |
Voluntary released | 1.16 (0.67–2.00) |
–
| 0.60 |
Help-seeking behavior
e
| |||
Chaplain/Nurse/SW/Surgeon | 1.53 (0.95–2.46) |
–
| 0.08 |
Other | 0.70 (0.43–1.15) |
–
| 0.16 |
None | 0.86 (0.68–1.09) |
–
| 0.22 |
Friends | 1.18 (0.92–1.51) |
–
| 0.20 |
Family | 1.31 (1.03–1.66) |
–
| 0.03 |