Background
Methods
Searching
Selection
Validity assessment
Data extraction
Quantitative data synthesis
Statistical methods and outcomes
Results
Trial flow
Study characteristics
Quantitative data synthesis
Overall pain ECSWT, LLLT, low frequency electrical stimulation and PEMF
Overall pain ECSWT
Overall pain LLLT, low frequency electrical stimulation and PEMF
Pain during maximum handgrip strength tests
Physical function
Maximum handgrip strength
Risk of bias across studies
Discussion
Summary of key findings
Article | Author | Year | Reported outcomes | Treatment duration | Times of measurements | Symptom duration | Treatment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[11] | Basford et al. | 2000 | apain in last 24 h maximal tenderness on palpation | 3S/W for 4 Ws | 2 Ws, 4 Ws, follow-up | 1–17 Ms | LLLT vs placebo |
amaximum grip strength pinch strength | |||||||
apain with grasp pain with pinch | |||||||
[12] | Bisset et al. | 2009 | reaction time | 8S over 6 Ws | 6, 52 Ws | 6–89 Ms | Physical therapy vs WLC |
[13] | Haake et al. | 2002 | side effects | 1S/W over? Ws | ? | 1–99 Ms | ECSWT vs placebo |
[7] | Ho et al. | 2007 | mechanical pain threshold | 10S over 3 Ws | 1, 2, 3 Ws, follow-up 3 Ws | 3–15 Ms | Microcurrent & exercise vs exercise |
bpain-free handgrip strength | |||||||
bmaximum handgrip strength pain during max grip | |||||||
[14] | Lam et al. | 2007 | mechanical pain threshold | 3S/W for 3 Ws | Session 5, 9 & 3 Ws after completion | 1–9 Ms | LLLT vs placebo |
amaximum grip strength | |||||||
apain after grip strength test | |||||||
Disability score | |||||||
DASH (sports/music) | |||||||
DASH (work) | |||||||
[9] | Martinez-Silvestrini et al. | 2005 | pain free grip strength | Daily for 6 Ws | 6 Ws | 3+ Ms | Stretching vs stretching & concentric vs stretching & eccentric strengthening |
bVAS pain | |||||||
PRFEQ | |||||||
bdash function | |||||||
[15] | Nourbakhsh et al. | 2008 | cmaximum grip strength | 6S over 2–3 Ws | Post treatment, follow-up | 6–60 Ms | Low frequency electrical stimulation vs placebo |
apain intensity last 24 h functional level (adapted patient specific function scale) limited activity due to pain | |||||||
[10] | Peterson et al. | 2011 | pain MVC | 1S/D exercise regimen over 3 Ms | 1, 2, 3 Ms | 3+ Ms | Exercise vs WLC |
pain MME | |||||||
bmuscular strength activity score well-being complaint score | |||||||
[16] | Pettrone et al. | 2005 | apain during Thomsen test function activity score overall impression | 1S/W over 3 Ws | 1, 4, 8, 12 Ws; 6, 12 Ms only reported at 12 Ws | 6+ Ms | ECSWT vs placebo |
agrip strength adverse events | |||||||
[17] | Rompe et al. | 1996 | night pain | 1S/W over 3 Ws | 3, 6, 24 Ws after last application | 12+ Ms | ECSWT vs sham |
resting pain | |||||||
pressure pain | |||||||
Thomsen test | |||||||
finger extension | |||||||
chair test | |||||||
cgrip strength (Mucha and Wannske) | |||||||
[18] | Rompe et al. | 2001 | pressure pain | 1S/W over 3 Ws | 12 Ws, 12 Ms | 12–208 Ms | ECSWT vs ECSWT + manual therapy |
Thomsen test resisted finger extension chair test | |||||||
[19] | Rompe et al. | 2004 | apain during Thomsen test | 1S/W over 3 Ws | 3, 12 Ms | 12+ Ms | ECSWT vs sham |
Roles and Maudsley score upper extremity function scale | |||||||
bdynanometer test | |||||||
[20] | Speed et al. | 2002 | aPain (day and night) night pain 50 % improvement from baseline | 1S/M for 3 Ms | 1; 2; 3 Ms | 3–42 Ms | ECSWT vs placebo |
[21] | Staples et al. | 2008 | aoverall pain index function index (0–100 VAS) pain-free function index dash function (0–100) dash sport (0–100) dash work (0–100) pain free grip ratio | 1S/W over 3 Ws | 6 Ws; 3, 6 Ms | 6–520 Ws | ECSWT vs sham |
bmax grip strength SF-36 role limitation physical bodily pain general health vitality social function role limitation emotional mental health | |||||||
health transition problem elicitation technique PET global health | |||||||
[22] | Sterigioulas et al. | 2007 | pain at rest | 2S/W over first 4 Ws 1S/W over second 4 Ws | 8 Ws, 8 Ws after end of treatment | 5 Ws-12 Ys | LLLT & exercise vs placebo and exercise |
pain at palpation | |||||||
apain on isometric testing pain during middle finger test | |||||||
apain during grip strength test | |||||||
[47] | Öken et al. | 2008 | Grip strength | 5S/W over two weeks | 2 Ws, 4 Ws after end of treatment | 1–24 Ms | Ultrasound & hot pack vs LLLT & hot pack vs brace control group |
Pain severety | |||||||
Global assessment of improvement | |||||||
[23] | Uzunca et al. | 2007 | resting pain | 5S/W over 3 Ws | 3 Ws, 3 Ms | 1–11 Ms | Pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) vs sham PEMF |
aactivity pain | |||||||
night pain | |||||||
pain during resisted wrist | |||||||
dorsiflexion pain during resisted forearm supination algometric pain threshold |