Introduction
M6A modification and circRNAs
Important m6A modification regulators
Mutual regulation between m6A modification and circRNAs
M6A modification involved in regulating cancer therapeutic resistance
Therapeutic resistance | Mechanisms | Cancer types | M6A regulators | Roles | Functions | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chemoresistance | Drug transport | CRC | IGF2BP3↑ | ABCB1↑ | Doxorubicin resistance | [60] |
HCC/breast cancer | METTL3↑ | ERRγ↑ → ABCB1↑ | Doxorubicin resistance | [61] | ||
breast cancer | YTHDF2↓ | ATF3↑ → ABCB1↑ | Tamoxifen resistance | [62] | ||
Autophagy | GC | FTO↑ | mTORC1 signal pathway↓ | 5-Fu/cisplatin/paclitaxel resistance | [63] | |
Seminoma | METTL3↑ | ATG5↑ | Cisplatin resistance | [64] | ||
DNA damage repair | CSCC | FTO↑ | β-catenin↑ → ECCR1↑ | Cisplatin resistance and radioresistance | [13] | |
breast cancer | YTHDC1↑ | BRCA1/RAD51↑ | Adriamycin resistance | [65] | ||
seminoma | METTL3/IGF2BP1↑ | TFAP2C↑ → WEE1/BRCA1 ↑ | Cisplatin resistance | [66] | ||
EMT and CSCs | CC | METTL3/IGF2BP1↑ | CBX8↑ → LGR5↑ | Oxaliplatin resistance | [67] | |
CRC | METTL3↑ | Sec62↑ → Wnt/β-catenin signaling↑ | 5-Fu/oxaliplatin resistance | [68] | ||
Glycolysis | BC | ALKBH5↓ | CK2α↑ | Cisplatin resistance | [69] | |
GBM | FTO↑ | PDK1↑ | Temozolomide resistance | [70] | ||
Radioresistance | DNA damage repair | LUAD | IGF2BP2/3↑ | VANGL1↑ → BRAF/TP53BP1/RAD51 pathway↑ | Radioresistance | [71] |
EMT and CSCs | ESCC | METTL14↓ | miR-99a-5p↓ → TRIB2↑ | Radioresistance | [72] | |
Targeted therapy resistance | Drug transport | NSCLC | FTO↑ | ABCC10↑ | Gefitinib resistance | [12] |
HCC | METTL14↓ | HNF3γ↓ → OATP1B1/3↓ | Sorafenib resistance | [73] | ||
Apoptosis | leukemia | FTO↑ | BCL-2↑ | TKIs resistance | [14] | |
Immunotherapy resistance | TME | – | METTL3↓ | M1/M2-like TAM/Treg infiltration↑ | Anti-PD-1 therapy resistance | [74] |
melanoma | ALKBH5↑ | Tregs/MDSCs accumulation↑ | Anti-PD-1 therapy resistance | [75] | ||
ICC | ALKBH5↓ | PD-L1 ↓ | Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy resistance | [76] | ||
CRC and melanoma | METTL3/14↑ | CD8+ T cells/CXCL9/CXCL10 ↓ | Anti-PD-1 therapy resistance | [77] |
M6A-induced alterations in drug transport
M6A modulates autophagy
Role of m6A modification in DNA damage repair
Remodeling of TME by m6A regulators
The influence of m6A on EMT and cancer stem cells
Other mechanisms mediated by m6A regulators
CircRNAs and cancer therapeutic resistance
Therapeutic resistance | Mechanisms | Cancer types | CircRNAs | Roles | Functions | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chemoresistance | Drug transport | LUAD | circPVT1↑ | miR-145-5p↓ → ABCC1↑ | Cisplatin/pemetrexed resistance | [138] |
CRC | circ_0007031↑ | miR-133b↓ → ABCC5↑ | 5-FU resistance | [139] | ||
GC | circMTHFD2↑ | miR-124↓ → ABCB1↑ | Pemetrexed resistance | [140] | ||
DNA damage repair | GC | circAKT3↑ | PI3K/AKT pathway↑ → BRCA1↑ | Cisplatin resistance | [141] | |
breast cancer | circSMARCA5↓ | SMARCA5↑ | Cisplatin resistance | [142] | ||
Apoptosis | GC | circCCDC66↑ | miR-618↓ → BCL-2↑ | Cisplatin resistance | [143] | |
EC | cDOPEY2↓ | CPEB4↑ → MLC-1↑ | Cisplatin resistance | [144] | ||
NSCLC | circ_0002874↑ | miR-1273f↓ → MDM2↑ → P53↓ | Paclitaxel resistance | [145] | ||
TME | GC | circNRIP1↑ | miR-138-5p↓ → HIF-1α↑ | 5-FU resistance | [146] | |
NSCLC | circASXL1↑ | miR-206↓ → HIF-1α↑ | Cisplatin resistance | [147] | ||
Autophagy | laryngocarcinoma | circPGAM1↑ | miR-376a↓ → ATG2A↑ | Cisplatin resistance | [148] | |
GC | circCUL2↓ | miR-138-5p↑ → ROCK2↓ | Cisplatin resistance | [149] | ||
breast cancer | circ_0092276↑ | miR-384↓ → ATG7↑ | Doxorubicin resistance | [150] | ||
EMT and CSCs | PC | circ_0092367↓ | miR-1206↑ → ESRP1↓ | Gemcitabine resistance | [151] | |
NSCLC | circ_0000079↓ | FXR1/PRCKI complex↑ | Cisplatin resistance | [152] | ||
NSCLC | circRNA CDR1as↑ | HOXA9↓ → miR-641↑ | Cisplatin resistance | [153] | ||
CRC | circ_001680↑ | miR-340↓ → BMI1↑ | Irinotecan resistance | [154] | ||
Glycolysis | ESCC | circGOT1↑ | miR-606↓ → GOT1↑ | Cisplatin resistance | [155] | |
prostate cancer | circARHGAP29↑ | c-Myc↑ → LDHA↑ | Docetaxel resistance | [156] | ||
neuroblastoma | circDLGAP4↑ | miR-143↓ → HK2↑ | Doxorubicin resistance | [157] | ||
NSCLC | circ_0008928↑ | miR-488↓ → HK2↑ | Cisplatin resistance | [158] | ||
Radioresistance | TME | HCC | cZNF292↑ | SOX9 nuclear translocation↑ → Wnt/β-catenin pathway↑ | Radioresistance | [159] |
Glycolysis | breast cancer | circABCB10↑ | miR-223-3p↓ → PFN↑ | Radioresistance | [160] | |
Targeted therapy resistance | Drug transport | NSCLC | circSETD3↑ | miR-520 h↓ → ABCG2↑ | Gefitinib resistance | [161] |
Autophagy | CML | circ_0009910↑ | miR-34a-5p↓ → ULK1↑ | Imatinib resistance | [162] | |
EMT and CSCs | PC | circ_0013587↓ | miR-1227↑ → E-cadherin↓ | Erlotinib resistance | [163] | |
Immunotherapy resistance | TME | ICC | circHMGCS1–016↑ | miR-1236-3↓ → CD73/GAL-8↑ | Anti-PD-1 therapy resistance | [164] |
HNSCC | circFAT1↑ | STAT3↑ → CD8+ T cells infiltration↓ | Anti-PD-1 therapy resistance | [165] |
CircRNAs and drug transport
CircRNAs and DNA damage repair
CircRNAs and apoptosis
CircRNAs and TME
CircRNAs and autophagy
CircRNAs and EMT and CSCs
CircRNAs and glycolysis
The interplay between m6A modification and circRNAs in cancer therapeutic resistance
M6A-modified circRNAs in cancer therapeutic resistance
Cancer types | M6A regulators | Roles of m6A in circRNAs | Functions | Mechanisms | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
HSCC | METTL3 | Promotes m6A modification of circCUX1 to stabilizes its expression | Radiotherapy resistance | Decreases the release of inflammatory factors in TME | [52] |
HCC | m6A | Elevates circRNA-SORE expression via increasing RNA stability | Sorafenib resistance | Activates the Wnt/β-catenin pathway | [184] |
IGF2BP1 | Promotes m6A-modified circMAP3K4 translation | Cisplatin resistance | Inhibits apoptosis | [185] | |
NSCLC | YTHDC1 | Facilitates the biogenesis of m6A-modified circIGF2BP3 | Anti-PD-L1 therapy resistance | Promotes tumor immune evasion | [186] |
YTHDF2 | Increases m6A-modified circASK1 degradation | Gefitinib resistance | Represses apoptosis | [51] |
Hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HSCC)
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
CircRNAs affect m6A modification in cancer therapeutic resistance
Cancer types | CircRNAs | Roles of circRNAs in m6A | Functions | Mechanisms | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Glioma | circ_0072083 | Promotes ALKBH5 expression via sponging miR-1252-5p | Temozolomide resistance | Maintains glioma stem cells | [198] |
CRC | circPTK2 | Elevates YTHDF1 level by targeting miR-136-5p | 5-FU/oxaliplatin resistance | – | [199] |
HCC | circRHBDD1 | Recruits YTHDF1 | Anti-PD-1 therapy resistance | Elevates glycolysis | [200] |
BC | circ0008399 | Facilitates the formation of MTC through combining with WTAP | Cisplatin resistance | Boosts anti-apoptosis | [201] |
circMORC3 | Interacts with VIRMA and elevates global m6A level | Cisplatin resistance | Promotes DNA repair and suppresses DNA damage | [202] | |
Prostate cancer | circARHGAP29 | Interacts with IGF2BP2 | Docetaxel resistance | Promotes glycolysis | [156] |