Background
Methods
Patient enrollment
Preoperative workup
Laparoscopic procedures
Postoperative care and follow-up
Outcome measures
Statistical analysis
Results
Baseline characteristics of patients
LP group (n = 78) | LPS group (n = 54) | P value | |
---|---|---|---|
Age (mean ± SD, year) | 57.0 ± 2.1 | 57.1 ± 2.1 | 0.7884 |
Sex (M:F) | 41/37 | 31/23 | 0.5990 |
BMI (mean ± SD, kg/m2) | 27.0 ± 1.7 | 24.5 ± 1.5 | < 0.0001 |
Size of tumor (mean ± SD, cm) | 6.9 ± 3.5 | 4.1 ± 3.3 | < 0.0001 |
Location of tumor (%) | 0.0128 | ||
Upper pole | 18 (23.1) | 15 (27.8) | 0.5471 |
Medial part | 45 (57.7) | 20 (37.0) | 0.0223 |
Lower pole | 15 (19.2) | 19 (35.2) | 0.0451 |
Previous abdominal surgery (%) | 3 (3.8) | 1 (1.9) | 0.6443 |
Concomitant conditions (%) | |||
Hypertension | 20 (25.6) | 12 (22.2) | 0.6851 |
Diabetes mellitus | 20 (25.6) | 10 (18.5) | 0.4014 |
Cardiovascular diseases | 12 (15.4) | 15 (27.8) | 0.1234 |
Surgical outcomes
LP group (n = 77) | LPS group (n = 49) | P value | |
---|---|---|---|
Operative duration (mean ± SD, min) | 125.2 ± 5.8 | 135.4 ± 11.9 | < 0.0001 |
Volume of blood loss (mean ± SD, mL) | 135.3 ± 17.2 | 219.6 ± 30.9 | < 0.0001 |
Volume of transfusion (mean ± SD, mL) | 55.6 ± 28.3 | 141.1 ± 50.4 | < 0.0001 |
Drainage volume (mean ± SD, mL) | 225.8 ± 43.2 | 212.0 ± 22.4 | 0.0331 |
Time to resume oral intake (mean ± SD, day) | 2.1 ± 0.3 | 1.8 ± 0.3 | < 0.0001 |
Time to resume off-bed activities (mean ± SD, day) | 2.6 ± 0.2 | 2.3 ± 0.3 | < 0.0001 |
Time of drain removal (mean ± SD, day) | 5.1 ± 0.6 | 4.4 ± 0.2 | < 0.0001 |
Length of hospitalization (mean ± SD, day) | 10.7 ± 3.5 | 11.4 ± 2.8 | 0.2370 |
Procedural safety and complications
LP group (n = 78) | LPS group (n = 54) | P value | |
---|---|---|---|
Abdominal organ injury | 1/78 (1.3%) | 1/54 (1.9%) | 1.0000 |
Retroperitoneal hematoma | 1/78 (1.3%) | 2/54 (3.7%) | 0.5672 |
Subcutaneous emphysema | 1/78 (1.3%) | 1/54 (1.9%) | 1.0000 |
Injury of major vessels | 1/78 (1.3%) | 5/54 (9.3%) | 0.0416 |
Conversion to open procedure | 1/78 (1.3%) | 4/54 (7.4%) | 0.0416 |
Pathological outcomes and follow-up results
LP group (n = 78) | LPS group (n = 54) | P value | |
---|---|---|---|
Pathological type (n, %) | 0.9910 | ||
Clear cell | 56 (71.8%) | 38 (70.4%) | 1.0000 |
Granular cell | 14 (17.9%) | 9 (16.7%) | 1.0000 |
Papillary | 2 (2.6%) | 1 (1.9%) | 1.0000 |
Chromophobe | 4 (5.1%) | 3 (5.6%) | 1.0000 |
Others | 4 (5.1%) | 4 (7.4%) | 0.7156 |
Metastatic | 3 (3.8%) | 1 (1.9%) | 0.6443 |
Tumor staging (n, %) | < 0.0001 | ||
pT1a | 4 (6.4%) | 17 (31.5%) | < 0.0001 |
pT1b | 9 (11.5%) | 6 (11.1%) | 1.0000 |
pT2 | 31 (39.7%) | 25 (46.3%) | 0.4784 |
pT3a | 30 (38.5%) | 6 (11.1%) | < 0.0001 |
pT3b | 4 (5.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.1442 |