Background
Methods
Study data
1990 | 2017 | 1990–2017 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Incident cases No. *102 (95% UI) | ASIR per 100,000 No. (95% UI) | Incident cases No. *102 (95% UI) | ASIR per 100,000 No. (95% UI) | EAPC No. (95% CI) | |
Overall | 729.37 (558.01–793.7) | 1.43 (1.1–1.56) | 1011.33 (879.68–1187.46) | 1.29 (1.12–1.51) | − 0.51 (from − 0.57 to − 0.45) |
Sex | |||||
Female | 287.61 (212.52–321.94) | 1.1 (0.82–1.23) | 403.81 (344.46–483.68) | 1.03 (0.87–1.23) | -0.4 (from − 0.46 to − 0.33) |
Male | 441.76 (321.52–492.58) | 1.78 (1.31–2) | 607.51 (504.7–748.82) | 1.56 (1.29–1.91) | − 0.59 (from − 0.65 to − 0.52) |
Socio-demographic index | |||||
High SDI | 272.62 (205.49–293.66) | 2.57 (1.94–2.77) | 349.61 (319.69–464.2) | 2.82 (2.56–3.82) | 0.19 (0.02–0.36) |
High-middle SDI | 159.29 (106.83–191.53) | 1.43 (0.96–1.71) | 266.55 (206.21–292.54) | 1.79 (1.39–1.97) | 0.84 (0.6–1.08) |
Middle SDI | 106.75 (74.85–122.02) | 0.79 (0.56–0.9) | 165.29 (135.05–194.99) | 0.76 (0.62–0.89) | − 0.31 (− 0.66–0.04) |
Low-middle SDI | 113.41 (84.68–131.35) | 1.28 (1–1.51) | 151.78 (122.97–183.12) | 0.95 (0.78–1.15) | − 1.22 (from − 1.27 to − 1.16) |
Low SDI | 75.32 (54.46–90.43) | 1.34 (1–1.64) | 74.47 (62.97–101.86) | 0.7 (0.6–0.95) | − 2.58 (from − 2.66 to − 2.49) |
Region | |||||
Andean Latin America | 2.27 (1.94–2.76) | 0.74 (0.63–0.87) | 3.23 (2.71–4.01) | 0.55 (0.46–0.67) | − 0.96 (from − 1.08 to − 0.83) |
Australasia | 5.14 (3.82–5.97) | 2.38 (1.76–2.78) | 9.83 (7.85–11.79) | 3.26 (2.6–3.92) | 1.17 (0.94–1.4) |
Caribbean | 1.95 (1.65–2.55) | 0.6 (0.51–0.79) | 5.67 (2.96–7.07) | 1.16 (0.61–1.45) | 2.61 (1.95–3.27) |
Central Asia | 6.44 (5.07–7.57) | 1.01 (0.8–1.19) | 9.81 (8.15–11.44) | 1.07 (0.89–1.24) | 0.02 (− 0.14–0.18) |
Central Europe | 30.17 (23.4–33.29) | 2.32 (1.8–2.57) | 33.02 (29.14–40.17) | 2.88 (2.52–3.51) | 0.78 (0.73–0.83) |
Central Latin America | 12.51 (10.11–14.54) | 0.98 (0.8–1.13) | 22.26 (18.82–27.79) | 0.88 (0.75–1.1) | − 0.47 (from − 0.66 to − 0.29) |
Central Sub-Saharan Africa | 2.78 (2.07–3.84) | 0.73 (0.57–0.98) | 4.39 (3.51–5.88) | 0.54 (0.42–0.75) | − 1.17 (from − 1.26 to − 1.08) |
East Asia | 101.65 (55.81–126.45) | 0.88 (0.48–1.09) | 190.18 (135.5–216.38) | 1.18 (0.86–1.34) | 0.92 (0.32–1.52) |
Eastern Europe | 75.89 (47.6–96.16) | 3.31 (2.03–4.25) | 84.95 (74.1–107.26) | 3.99 (3.43–5.19) | 0.77 (0.53–1.01) |
Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa | 24.82 (18.06–31.49) | 1.64 (1.25–2.09) | 32.12 (23.46–44.47) | 1.04 (0.77–1.41) | − 1.94 (from − 2.08 to − 1.8) |
High-income Asia Pacific | 7.59 (6.61–9.95) | 0.4 (0.35–0.52) | 19.12 (13.33–21.99) | 0.86 (0.61–1) | 3.71 (3.38–4.05) |
High-income North America | 104 (76.35–114.3) | 3.37 (2.48–3.72) | 124.45 (105.69–181.54) | 3.23 (2.69–4.84) | − 0.66 (from − 0.98 to − 0.34) |
North Africa and Middle East | 35.99 (28.58–44.4) | 1.32 (1.08–1.69) | 84.81 (59.75–97.89) | 1.45 (1.03–1.65) | 0.58 (0.36–0.8) |
Oceania | 0.3 (0.24–0.38) | 0.61 (0.49–0.78) | 0.56 (0.39–0.7) | 0.54 (0.38–0.68) | − 0.24 (from − 0.36 to − 0.12) |
South Asia | 110.08 (79.04–128.65) | 1.16 (0.85–1.34) | 115.1 (96.77–147.09) | 0.68 (0.57–0.87) | − 2.1 (from − 2.18 to − 2.02) |
Southeast Asia | 28.26 (22.17–33.2) | 0.75 (0.59–0.9) | 34.96 (29.01–43.18) | 0.53 (0.44–0.65) | − 1.39 (from − 1.46 to − 1.32) |
Southern Latin America | 4.66 (4.06–5.94) | 0.96 (0.84–1.22) | 6.81 (5.67–9.51) | 0.95 (0.79–1.33) | − 0.16 (− 0.37–0.05) |
Southern Sub-Saharan Africa | 1.75 (1.34–2.03) | 0.43 (0.34–0.52) | 2.81 (1.96–3.26) | 0.4 (0.28–0.46) | − 0.18 (− 0.83–0.48) |
Tropical Latin America | 9.6 (8.18–11.77) | 0.75 (0.63–0.9) | 15.1 (12.48–18.39) | 0.65 (0.54–0.79) | − 0.38 (from − 0.47 to − 0.3) |
Western Europe | 134.79 (103.14–149.57) | 3.14 (2.39–3.51) | 167.97 (149–227.28) | 3.58 (3.18–4.96) | 0.53 (0.38–0.68) |
Western Sub-Saharan Africa | 28.72 (18.39–39.7) | 1.79 (1.28–2.36) | 44.19 (30.78–60.15) | 1.24 (0.91–1.69) | − 1.63 (from − 1.76 to − 1.51) |
1990 | 2017 | 1990–2017 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Death cases No. *102 (95% UI) | ASDR per 100,000 No. (95% UI) | Death cases No. *102 (95% UI) | ASDR per 100,000 No. (95% UI) | EAPC No. (95% CI) | |
Overall | 359.46 (273.29–394.12) | 0.75 (0.58–0.83) | 325.6 (276.44–380.86) | 0.41 (0.35–0.48) | − 2.36 (from − 2.43 to − 2.3) |
Sex | |||||
Female | 126.22 (90.97–143.6) | 0.51 (0.37–0.58) | 118.4 (95.76–141.1) | 0.29 (0.24–0.35) | − 2.24 (from − 2.34 to − 2.15) |
Male | 233.24 (173.14–269.48) | 1.02 (0.76–1.18) | 207.2 (168.22–257.67) | 0.54 (0.44–0.67) | − 2.45 (from − 2.5 to − 2.39) |
Socio-demographic index | |||||
High SDI | 66.23 (51.03–72.61) | 0.56 (0.43–0.61) | 48.06 (41.38–59.99) | 0.27 (0.24–0.34) | − 2.75 (from − 2.86 to − 2.64) |
High-middle SDI | 69.27 (48.76–80.4) | 0.67 (0.47–0.78) | 50.38 (39.59–54.62) | 0.3 (0.24–0.33) | − 3.28 (from − 3.44 to − 3.12) |
Middle SDI | 75.51 (54.1–85.85) | 0.62 (0.45–0.7) | 64.53 (52.33–73.79) | 0.29 (0.24–0.34) | − 2.92 (from − 3.05 to − 2.79) |
Low-middle SDI | 87.84 (66.71–101.45) | 1.07 (0.86–1.3) | 103.76 (84.69–126.81) | 0.7 (0.58–0.87) | − 1.72 (from − 1.8 to − 1.64) |
Low SDI | 59.46 (43.62–71.02) | 1.15 (0.87–1.4) | 58.19 (49.24–79.09) | 0.59 (0.5–0.8) | − 2.62 (from − 2.69 to − 2.54) |
Region | |||||
Andean Latin America | 1.82 (1.54–2.16) | 0.65 (0.55–0.76) | 2.01 (1.63–2.31) | 0.36 (0.29–0.41) | − 2.07 (from − 2.18 to − 1.95) |
Australasia | 1.04 (0.79–1.14) | 0.45 (0.34–0.49) | 1.01 (0.79–1.17) | 0.24 (0.19–0.29) | − 2.07 (from − 2.33 to − 1.81) |
Caribbean | 1.29 (1.09–1.72) | 0.43 (0.36–0.57) | 2.57 (1.39–3.18) | 0.52 (0.28–0.64) | 0.81 (0.23–1.39) |
Central Asia | 3.75 (2.94–4.4) | 0.65 (0.51–0.77) | 3.7 (3.16–4.37) | 0.44 (0.37–0.52) | − 1.61 (from − 1.8 to − 1.43) |
Central Europe | 14.37 (10.94–15.45) | 1.01 (0.77–1.08) | 7.83 (6.81–9.36) | 0.45 (0.39–0.53) | − 3.22 (from − 3.31 to − 3.12) |
Central Latin America | 9.09 (7.37–10.38) | 0.81 (0.65–0.93) | 10.74 (8.99–13.15) | 0.45 (0.37–0.55) | − 2.26 (from − 2.43 to − 2.1) |
Central Sub-Saharan Africa | 2.27 (1.71–3.12) | 0.66 (0.5–0.9) | 3.61 (2.88–4.89) | 0.49 (0.38–0.69) | − 1.13 (from − 1.23 to − 1.04) |
East Asia | 59.88 (34.3–73.07) | 0.57 (0.32–0.69) | 29 (20.03–32.98) | 0.15 (0.11–0.17) | − 5.55 (from − 6 to − 5.09) |
Eastern Europe | 20.87 (14.19–24.65) | 0.82 (0.55–0.96) | 14.78 (12.48–18.53) | 0.55 (0.46–0.71) | − 2 (from − 2.4 to − 1.6) |
Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa | 19.22 (14.18–24.31) | 1.41 (1.08–1.79) | 24.59 (18–33.92) | 0.89 (0.66–1.2) | − 1.94 (from − 2.09 to − 1.8) |
High-income Asia Pacific | 2.22 (1.93–3.08) | 0.11 (0.1–0.15) | 2.98 (2.07–3.33) | 0.08 (0.06–0.09) | − 0.54 (from − 0.71 to − 0.38) |
High-income North America | 18.32 (13.92–19.59) | 0.55 (0.42–0.59) | 15.12 (13.71–20.45) | 0.3 (0.27–0.41) | − 2.35 (from − 2.48 to − 2.22) |
North Africa and Middle East | 26.51 (21.51–34) | 1.08 (0.9–1.44) | 31.96 (23.69–36.41) | 0.62 (0.47–0.72) | − 1.91 (from − 1.96 to − 1.85) |
Oceania | 0.23 (0.18–0.29) | 0.51 (0.41–0.66) | 0.42 (0.3–0.53) | 0.44 (0.31–0.56) | − 0.3 (from − 0.44 to − 0.17) |
South Asia | 86.49 (62.74–100.24) | 0.99 (0.73–1.15) | 85.36 (72.6–109.87) | 0.53 (0.45–0.68) | − 2.38 (from − 2.46 to − 2.3) |
Southeast Asia | 22.18 (17.39–26.71) | 0.64 (0.5–0.78) | 21.86 (17.87–26.39) | 0.35 (0.28–0.42) | − 2.29 (from − 2.38 to − 2.2) |
Southern Latin America | 3.6 (3.13–4.53) | 0.75 (0.65–0.94) | 3.22 (2.77–4.34) | 0.42 (0.36–0.57) | − 2.23 (from − 2.38 to − 2.08) |
Southern Sub-Saharan Africa | 1.38 (1.08–1.65) | 0.37 (0.29–0.45) | 2.13 (1.52–2.44) | 0.32 (0.23–0.37) | − 0.3 (− 0.97–0.37) |
Tropical Latin America | 7.05 (5.88–8.62) | 0.6 (0.49–0.73) | 7.47 (6.09–9.19) | 0.32 (0.26–0.39) | − 2.27 (from − 2.34 to − 2.21) |
Western Europe | 35.86 (27.52–39.98) | 0.7 (0.54–0.78) | 24.41 (20.13–30.57) | 0.34 (0.29–0.44) | − 2.62 (from − 2.77 to − 2.47) |
Western Sub-Saharan Africa | 21.98 (14.81–29.45) | 1.53 (1.13–2) | 30.83 (21.93–41.61) | 1 (0.75–1.35) | − 1.85 (from − 1.97 to − 1.72) |
1990 | 2017 | 1990–2017 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
DALY No. *103 (95% UI) | Age-standardized DALY Rate per 100,000 No. (95% UI) | DALY No. *103 (95% UI) | Age-standardized DALY Rate per 100,000 No. (95% UI) | EAPC No. (95% CI) | |
Overall | 1657.47 (1228.33–1843.22) | 31.53 (23.56–34.73) | 1378.17 (1155.06–1624.39) | 17.77 (14.87–20.93) | − 2.29 (− 2.36 to − 2.21) |
Sex | |||||
Female | 574.77 (393.26–677.46) | 21.67 (14.99–25.31) | 507.65 (400.13–605.67) | 13.11 (10.28–15.63) | − 2.07 (from − 2.17 to − 1.98) |
Male | 1082.7 (797.07–1238.41) | 41.46 (30.69–47.65) | 870.52 (704.9–1092.74) | 22.47 (18.14–28.18) | − 2.4 (from − 2.46 to − 2.34) |
Socio-demographic index | |||||
High SDI | 234.61 (179.77–252.24) | 21.48 (16.38–23.05) | 149.39 (134.99–194.83) | 10.57 (9.5–14.16) | − 2.64 (from − 2.75 to − 2.53) |
High-middle SDI | 292.4 (202.91–339.63) | 26.5 (18.43–30.8) | 190.67 (151.93–207.8) | 12.19 (9.71–13.31) | − 3.24 (from − 3.42 to − 3.06) |
Middle SDI | 351.22 (245.53–401.7) | 24.16 (17.1–27.57) | 240.73 (198.08–276.18) | 10.92 (9–12.57) | − 3.13 (from − 3.29 to − 2.97) |
Low-middle SDI | 455.57 (329.84–533.96) | 45.68 (34.46–53.23) | 508.84 (405.49–610.97) | 30.23 (24.34–36.3) | − 1.65 (from − 1.74 to − 1.56) |
Low SDI | 318.61 (222.89–394.19) | 49.23 (35.86–58.84) | 286.14 (240.77–391.31) | 24.16 (20.48–32.89) | − 2.82 (from − 2.91 to − 2.73) |
Region | |||||
Andean Latin America | 8.58 (7.35–10.54) | 24.62 (21–29.55) | 7.1 (6.03–8.71) | 12 (10.23–14.53) | − 2.52 (from − 2.63 to − 2.41) |
Australasia | 3.67 (2.78–4.05) | 16.53 (12.57–18.27) | 3.33 (2.65–3.95) | 9.96 (8–11.98) | − 1.73 (from − 1.93 to − 1.53) |
Caribbean | 5.42 (4.61–7.13) | 16.37 (13.89–21.53) | 9.24 (5.31–11.48) | 18.97 (10.98–23.56) | 0.61 (0.07–1.15) |
Central Asia | 16.85 (13.05–19.68) | 26.31 (20.44–30.73) | 15.79 (13.24–18.3) | 17.32 (14.51–20.01) | − 1.66 (from − 1.86 to − 1.45) |
Central Europe | 53.33 (40.14–57.48) | 39.5 (29.85–42.49) | 25.32 (21.97–30.07) | 17.7 (15.35–20.87) | − 3.18 (from − 3.27 to − 3.1) |
Central Latin America | 40.8 (33.06–46.94) | 28.79 (23.2–32.83) | 38.03 (32.35–47.52) | 15.1 (12.87–18.82) | − 2.42 (from − 2.61 to − 2.22) |
Central Sub-Saharan Africa | 11.13 (7.96–15.67) | 24.99 (18.65–34.16) | 16.85 (13.34–22.61) | 17.8 (14.22–24.16) | − 1.32 (from − 1.43 to − 1.21) |
East Asia | 263.58 (146.58–322.9) | 22.06 (12.37–27.04) | 96.35 (68.89–111.83) | 5.51 (4.01–6.39) | − 5.99 (from − 6.55 to − 5.42) |
Eastern Europe | 89.73 (58.59–106.43) | 37.42 (24.32–44.37) | 60.16 (51.2–78.41) | 25.61 (21.91–34.32) | − 1.99 (from − 2.38 to − 1.59) |
Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa | 107.84 (76.09–137.03) | 61.51 (45.35–77.92) | 133.49 (96.81–187.35) | 37.39 (27.47–51.34) | − 2.11 (from − 2.26 to − 1.96) |
High-income Asia Pacific | 7.41 (6.41–10.27) | 3.82 (3.32–5.25) | 8.16 (5.68–9.41) | 3.17 (2.25–3.7) | − 0.16 (− 0.34–0.01) |
High-income North America | 70.8 (51.82–77.3) | 22.69 (16.57–24.78) | 51.21 (43.83–73.82) | 12.23 (10.24–18.04) | − 2.44 (from − 2.57 to − 2.31) |
North Africa and Middle East | 130.28 (101.49–159.85) | 42.68 (34.23–54.21) | 144.86 (106.08–163.73) | 24.9 (18.36–28.03) | − 1.86 (from − 1.93 to − 1.8) |
Oceania | 1.14 (0.88–1.42) | 20.81 (16.29–26.12) | 2 (1.39–2.49) | 17.62 (12.42–22.07) | − 0.33 (from − 0.48 to − 0.19) |
South Asia | 454.42 (324.69–539.5) | 42.57 (30.73–49.53) | 393.94 (336.66–504.19) | 22.16 (18.97–28.47) | − 2.49 (from − 2.6 to − 2.38) |
Southeast Asia | 101.9 (77.67–119.24) | 24.49 (19.25–29.16) | 83.02 (68.29–101.87) | 12.39 (10.15–15.19) | − 2.58 (from − 2.65 to − 2.51) |
Southern Latin America | 12.61 (11.15–16.11) | 25.86 (22.83–33.04) | 10.49 (8.9–14.45) | 14.5 (12.31–20.11) | − 2.17 (from − 2.32 to − 2.01) |
Southern Sub-Saharan Africa | 6.28 (4.77–7.26) | 14.22 (10.89–16.96) | 9.06 (6.12–10.6) | 12.28 (8.5–14.24) | − 0.32 (− 1.08–0.45) |
Tropical Latin America | 30.89 (26.46–38.74) | 22.44 (18.85–27.68) | 28.48 (23.64–35.39) | 12.19 (10.18–15.14) | − 2.16 (from − 2.21 to − 2.1) |
Western Europe | 120.41 (94–134.6) | 26.73 (20.82–29.78) | 71.62 (62.27–95.57) | 13.06 (11.47–17.79) | − 2.55 (from − 2.69 to − 2.4) |
Western Sub-Saharan Africa | 120.41 (73.01–169.81) | 64.68 (43.28–87.08) | 169.69 (116.04–228.38) | 41.46 (29.53–56.49) | − 1.99 (from − 2.14 to − 1.84) |