Introduction
Methods
Study population
Dietary measurement and FFQ
Diet-quality scores
Assessment of covariates
Identification of ovarian cancer cases
Statistical analyses
Results
Quintiles of AHEI-2010 score | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
≤42 (N = 11255) | >42-48 (N = 12518) | >48-53 (N = 13169) | >53-59 (N = 13417) | >59 (N = 13273) | |
Mean (SD) | |||||
Age, years* | 62.4 (7.1) | 63.4 (7.1) | 64.1 (7.1) | 64.8 (7.1) | 65.6 (7.0) |
Age at menarche, years* | 12.6 (1.4) | 12.6 (1.4) | 12.5 (1.4) | 12.5 (1.4) | 12.5 (1.4) |
BMI, kg/m2 | 27.0 (5.5) | 26.8 (5.2) | 26.7 (5.2) | 26.5 (5.0) | 26.0 (4.9) |
Years of OC usea | 4.4 (3.8) | 4.3 (3.8) | 4.2 (3.9) | 4.1 (3.9) | 4.1 (4.0) |
Parityb | 3.3 (1.6) | 3.3 (1.6) | 3.2 (1.5) | 3.2 (1.5) | 3.1 (1.4) |
Physical activity, MET-hr/wk | 12.5 (17.4) | 14.9 (18.3) | 17.2 (21.6) | 18.9 (21.6) | 23.8 (27.0) |
Lactose intake, mg/day | 12.7 (9.6) | 13.2 (9.1) | 13.6 (9.2) | 14 (9.3) | 13.9 (9.0) |
Caffeine intake, mg/day | 287.9 (201.6) | 291.6 (202.0) | 285.5 (199.4) | 278.9 (198.8) | 259.7 (198.3) |
Calories per day | 1859 (451) | 1777 (460) | 1739 (465) | 1705 (468) | 1684 (461) |
Pack-years of smokingc | 31.8 (24.5) | 27.6 (22.6) | 25.3 (21.3) | 22.7 (20.0) | 20.5 (18.4) |
E only HT use, yearsd | 6.0 (5.6) | 6.0 (5.7) | 6.4 (6.0) | 6.4 (5.8) | 6.6 (5.9) |
E + P HT use, yearse | 5.0 (3.2) | 5.0 (3.3) | 5.2 (3.3) | 5.2 (3.4) | 5.3 (3.5) |
Other HT use, yearsf | 3.0 (2.9) | 2.9 (2.8) | 3.0 (2.7) | 3.0 (2.6) | 3.1 (2.7) |
Percent | |||||
Ever OC use | 49 | 49 | 51 | 51 | 52 |
Smoking status | |||||
Never | 47 | 45 | 44 | 42 | 40 |
Past | 36 | 41 | 43 | 47 | 53 |
Current | 17 | 14 | 12 | 10 | 7 |
Parous | 95 | 95 | 95 | 94 | 93 |
Family history of ovarian cancer | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
Tubal ligation | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 |
Hysterectomy | |||||
No | 73 | 75 | 74 | 75 | 74 |
Yes | 22 | 21 | 23 | 22 | 22 |
Unknown | 5 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
Unilateral oophorectomy | |||||
No | 85 | 87 | 86 | 87 | 87 |
Yes | 9 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 8 |
Unknown | 6 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
Postmenopausal | 92 | 92 | 93 | 93 | 92 |
Ever E only HT use | 22 | 23 | 25 | 25 | 27 |
Ever E + P HT use | 26 | 29 | 32 | 33 | 36 |
Ever other HT use | 18 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 25 |
AHEI-2010 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N cases | ≤42 | >42-48 | >48-53 | >53-59 | >59 | P trend | |
# of cases | 106 | 125 | 159 | 153 | 153 | ||
Person-years | 294,805 | 294,224 | 293,771 | 293,500 | 293,282 | ||
Age-adjusted | 696 | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.04 (0.80,1.35) | 1.29 (1.00,1.65) | 1.17 (0.91,1.50) | 1.12 (0.87,1.45) | 0.30 |
Multivariable* | 696 | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.02 (0.78,1.32) | 1.23 (0.96,1.59) | 1.11 (0.86,1.43) | 1.03 (0.80,1.34) | 0.77 |
Invasive* | 592 | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.10 (0.83,1.46) | 1.34 (1.02,1.76) | 1.17 (0.88,1.54) | 1.00 (0.75,1.34) | 0.90 |
Borderline* | 57 | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.72 (0.32,1.67) | 0.79 (0.34,1.83) | 0.87 (0.39,1.95) | 0.87 (0.38,1.95) | 0.88 |
Serous/poorly differentiated* | 435 | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.19 (0.86,1.65) | 1.32 (0.96,1.82) | 1.17 (0.84,1.62) | 0.99 (0.71,1.39) | 0.69 |
Non-serous* | 148 | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.65 (0.37,1.12) | 0.93 (0.56,1.53) | 0.79 (0.47,1.33) | 0.87 (0.53,1.44) | 0.83 |
Rapidly fatal* | 247 | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.11 (0.72,1.70) | 1.18 (0.78,1.80) | 1.06 (0.70,1.63) | 0.93 (0.61,1.44) | 0.60 |
Less aggressive* | 274 | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.15 (0.76,1.74) | 1.55 (1.05,2.29) | 1.24 (0.82,1.86) | 1.02 (0.66,1.55) | 0.98 |
HEI-2005 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N cases | ≤56 | >56-63 | >63-68 | >68-74 | >74 | P trend | |
N cases | 127 | 117 | 129 | 162 | 161 | ||
Person-years | 294,749 | 294,665 | 294,337 | 293,738 | 292,082 | ||
Age-adjusted | 696 | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.82 (0.63,1.05) | 0.85 (0.66,1.09) | 0.99 (0.78,1.26) | 0.92 (0.72,1.17) | 0.98 |
Multivariable* | 696 | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.79 (0.61,1.03) | 0.82 (0.63,1.06) | 0.93 (0.72,1.20) | 0.85 (0.65,1.12) | 0.57 |
Invasive* | 592 | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.80 (0.60,1.05) | 0.80 (0.60,1.05) | 0.91 (0.69,1.20) | 0.86 (0.64,1.15) | 0.60 |
Borderline* | 57 | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (0.45,2.24) | 1.11 (0.50,2.43) | 0.97 (0.42,2.20) | 0.54 (0.20,1.43) | 0.31 |
Serous/poorly differentiated* | 435 | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.81 (0.59,1.13) | 0.91 (0.66,1.25) | 0.91 (0.66,1.26) | 0.90 (0.64,1.27) | 0.79 |
Non-serous* | 148 | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.77 (0.46,1.31) | 0.70 (0.41,1.21) | 1.03 (0.62,1.69) | 0.83 (0.49,1.43) | 0.81 |
Rapidly fatal* | 247 | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.76 (0.51,1.14) | 0.62 (0.40,0.94) | 0.67 (0.44,1.02) | 0.75 (0.50,1.13) | 0.15 |
Less aggressive* | 274 | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.79 (0.52,1.18) | 0.89 (0.60,1.32) | 1.08 (0.73,1.59) | 0.85 (0.556,1.29) | 0.89 |
aMDS | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N cases | ≤2.6 | >2.6-3.5 | >3.5-4.5 | >4.5-5.5 | >5.5 | P trend | |
N cases | 134 | 119 | 148 | 136 | 159 | ||
Person-years | 290,089 | 247,467 | 329,112 | 293,048 | 309,867 | ||
Age-adjusted | 696 | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.91 (0.71,1.17) | 0.85 (0.67,1.07) | 0.86 (0.68,1.10) | 0.93 (0.74,1.18) | 0.52 |
Multivariable* | 696 | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.90 (0.70,1.16) | 0.83 (0.65,1.05) | 0.85 (0.66,1.09) | 0.91 (0.71,1.18) | 0.44 |
Invasive* | 592 | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.93 (0.71,1.22) | 0.80 (0.61,1.03) | 0.86 (0.66,1.13) | 0.86 (0.65,1.13) | 0.25 |
Borderline* | 57 | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.76 (0.33,1.78) | 0.93 (0.44,1.94) | 0.44 (0.17,1.15) | 0.81 (0.37,1.78) | 0.37 |
Serous/poorly differentiated* | 435 | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.95 (0.69,1.31) | 0.93 (0.69,1.26) | 0.86 (0.63,1.18) | 0.87 (0.63,1.20) | 0.29 |
Non-serous* | 148 | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.71 (0.42,1.19) | 0.52 (0.31,0.88) | 0.72 (0.44,1.20) | 0.85 (0.53,1.38) | 0.62 |
Rapidly fatal* | 247 | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.78 (0.51,1.18) | 0.71 (0.48,1.06) | 0.83 (0.56,1.23) | 0.66 (0.44,1.00) | 0.11 |
Less aggressive* | 274 | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.25 (0.85,1.84) | 0.87 (0.59,1.29) | 0.88 (0.59,1.32) | 1.04 (0.70,1.55) | 0.59 |