nach oben

American Journal of Clinical Dermatology

Erschienen in:

01.12.2008 | Review Article

Topical Retinoids in Acne Vulgaris

Update on Efficacy and Safety

verfasst von: Anja Thielitz, Prof. Harald Gollnick

Erschienen in: American Journal of Clinical Dermatology | Ausgabe 6/2008

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Topical retinoids represent a mainstay of acne treatment because they expel mature comedones, reduce microcomedone formation, and exert anti-inflammatory effects. The first-generation retinoid tretinoin (all-trans retinoic acid) and the synthetic third-generation polyaromatics adapalene and tazarotene are approved for acne treatment by the US FDA, whereas topical tretinoin, isotretinoin (13-cis retinoic acid), and adapalene are accredited in Canada and Europe. Topical retinoids have a favorable safety profile distinct from the toxicity of their systemic counterparts. Local adverse effects, including erythema, dryness, itching, and stinging, occur frequently during the early treatment phase. Their impact varies with the vehicle formation, skin type, frequency and mode of application, use of moisturizers, and environmental factors such as sun exposure or temperature. The broad anti-acne activity and safety profile of topical retinoids justifies their use as first-line treatment in most types of non-inflammatory and inflammatory acne. They are also suitable as long-term medications, with no risk of inducing bacterial resistance, for maintenance of remission after cessation of initial combination therapy.

The use of trade names is for product identification purposes only and does not imply endorsement.

Gollnick H. Current concepts of the pathogenesis of acne: implications for drug treatment. Drugs 2003; 63 (15): 1579–96PubMedCrossRef

Pawin H, Beylot C, Chivot M, et al. Physiopathology of acne vulgaris: recent data, new understanding of the treatments. Eur J Dermatol 2004; 14 (1): 4–12PubMed

Zouboulis CC, Eady A, Philpott M, et al. What is the pathogenesis of acne? Exp Dermatol 2005; 14 (2): 143–52PubMedCrossRef

Gollnick H, Cunliffe W, Berson D, et al. Management of acne: a report from a Global Alliance to Improve Outcomes in Acne. J Am Acad Dermatol 2003; 49 (1 Suppl.): S1–37PubMedCrossRef

Leyden JJ. A review of the use of combination therapies for the treatment of acne vulgaris. J Am Acad Dermatol 2003; 49 (3 Suppl.): S200–10PubMedCrossRef

Jeremy AH, Holland DB, Roberts SG, et al. Inflammatory events are involved in acne lesion initiation. J Invest Dermatol 2003; 121 (1): 20–7PubMedCrossRef

Lavker RM, Leyden JJ, Thorne EG. An ultrastructural study of the effects of topical tretinoin on microcomedones. Clin Ther 1992; 14 (6): 773–80PubMed

Thielitz A, Helmdach M, R¨pke EM, et al. Lipid analysis of follicular casts from cyanoacrylate strips as a new method for studying therapeutic effects of antiacne agents. Br J Dermatol 2001; 145: 9–27CrossRef

Thielitz A, Sidou F, Gollnick H. Control of microcomedone formation throughout a maintenance treatment with adapalene gel, 0.1%. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2007; 21 (6): 747–53PubMedCrossRef

10.

Jones DA. The potential immunomodulatory effects of topical retinoids. Dermatol Online J 2005; 11 (1): 3PubMed

11.

Sorg O, Antille C, Kaya G, et al. Retinoids in cosmeceuticals. Dermatol Ther 2006; 19 (5): 289–96PubMedCrossRef

12.

Bikowski JB. Mechanisms of the comedolytic and anti-inflammatory properties of topical retinoids. J Drugs Dermatol 2005; 4 (1): 41–7PubMed

13.

Kang S. The mechanism of action of topical retinoids. Cutis 2005; 75 (2 Suppl.): 10–3PubMed

14.

Elder JT, Astrom, A Pettersson,U etal. Retinoic acid receptors and binding proteins in human skin. J Invest Dermatol 1992; 986 Suppl.36S–41PubMedCrossRef

15.

Chen S, Ostrowski J, Whiting G, et al. Retinoic acid receptor gamma mediates topical retinoid efficacy and irritation in animal models. J Invest Dermatol 1995; 104 (5): 779–83PubMedCrossRef

16.

Martin B, Meunier C, Montels D, et al. Chemical stability of adapalene and tretinoin when combined with benzoyl peroxide in presence and in absence of visible light and ultraviolet radiation. Br J Dermatol 1998; 139 Suppl. 52: 8–11PubMedCrossRef

17.

Shroot B, Michel S. Pharmacology and chemistry of adapalene. J Am Acad Dermatol 1997; 36 (6 Pt 2): S96–103CrossRef

18.

Griffiths CE, Elder JT, Bernard BA, et al. Comparison of CD271 (adapalene) and all-trans retinoic acid in human skin: dissociation of epidermal effects and CRABP-II mRNA expression. J Invest Dermatol 1993; 101 (3): 325–8PubMedCrossRef

19.

Nagpal S, Chandraratna RA. Recent developments in receptor-selective retinoids. Curr Pharm Des 2000; 6 (9): 919–31PubMedCrossRef

20.

DiSepio D, Sutter M, Johnson AT, et al. Identification of the AP1-antagonism domain of retinoic acid receptors. Mol Cell Biol Res Commun 1999; 1 (1): 7–13PubMedCrossRef

21.

Saurat JH, Sorg O. Topical natural retinoids: the ‘proligand-non-ligand’ concept. Dermatology 1999; 199 Suppl. 1: 1–2PubMedCrossRef

22.

Bernerd F, Ortonne JP, Bouclier M, et al. The rhino mouse model: the effects of topically applied all-trans retinoic acid and CD271 on the fine structure of the epidermis and utricle wall of pseudocomedones. Arch Dermatol Res 1991; 283 (2): 100–7PubMedCrossRef

23.

Bouclier M, Chatelus A, Ferracin J, et al. Quantification of epidermal histological changes induced by topical retinoids and CD271 in the rhino mouse model using a standardized image analysis technique. Skin Pharmacol 1991; 4 (2): 65–73PubMedCrossRef

24.

Chen M, Goyal S, Cai X, et al. Modulation of type VII collagen (anchoring fibril) expression by retinoids in human skin cells. Biochim Biophys Acta 1997; 1351 (3): 333–40PubMedCrossRef

25.

Varani J, Warner RL, Gharaee-Kermani M, et al. Vitamin A antagonizes decreased cell growth and elevated collagen-degrading matrix metalloproteinases and stimulates collagen accumulation in naturally aged human skin. J Invest Dermatol 2000; 114 (3): 480–6PubMedCrossRef

26.

Simoni D, Tolomeo M. Retinoids, apoptosis and cancer. Curr Pharm Des 2001; 7 (17): 1823–37PubMedCrossRef

27.

Pechere M, Pechere JC, Siegenthaler G, et al. Antibacterial activity of retinaldehyde against Propionibacterium acnes. Dermatology 1999; 199 Suppl. 1: 29–31PubMed

28.

Wolf Jr JE. Potential anti-inflammatory effects of topical retinoids and retinoid analogues. Adv Ther 2002; 19 (3): 109–18PubMedCrossRef

29.

Liu PT, Krutzik SR, Kim J, et al. Cutting edge: all-trans retinoic acid down-regulates TLR2 expression and function. J Immunol 2005; 174 (5): 2467–70PubMed

30.

Tenaud I, Khammari A, Dreno B. In vitro modulation of TLR-2, CD1d and IL-10 by adapalene on normal human skin and acne inflammatory lesions. Exp Dermatol 2007; 16 (6): 500–6PubMedCrossRef

31.

Akdeniz N, Calka O, Ozbek H, et al. Anti-inflammatory effects of tretinoin (all- trans-retinoic acid) 0.1% and adapalene 0.1% in rats. Clin Exp Dermatol 2005; 30 (5): 570–2PubMedCrossRef

32.

St¨ttgen G. Historical perspectives of tretinoin. J Am Acad Dermatol 1986; 15 (4 Pt 2): 735–40CrossRef

33.

Krishnan G. Comparison of two concentrations of tretinoin solution in the topical treatment of acne vulgaris. Practitioner 1976; 216 (1291): 106–9PubMed

34.

Webster GF. Safety and efficacy of Tretin-X compared with Retin-A in patients with mild-to-severe acne vulgaris. Skinmed 2006; 5 (3): 114–8PubMedCrossRef

35.

Jain S. Topical tretinoin or adapalene in acne vulgaris: an overview. J Dermatolog Treat 2004; 15 (4): 200–7PubMedCrossRef

36.

Krautheim A, Gollnick HP. Acne: topical treatment. Clin Dermatol 2004; 22 (5): 398–407PubMedCrossRef

37.

Bikowski J. A new approach to comparing efficacy results from clinical trials of topical acne vulgaris treatments. J Drugs Dermatol 2007; 6 (7): 688–92PubMed

38.

Webster GF. Topical tretinoin in acne therapy. J Am Acad Dermatol 1998; 39 (2 Pt 3): S38–44PubMedCrossRef

39.

Lucky AW, Cullen SI, Jarratt MT, et al. Comparative efficacy and safety of two 0.025% tretinoin gels: results from a multicenter double-blind, parallel study. J Am Acad Dermatol 1998; 38 (4): S17–23PubMedCrossRef

40.

Skov MJ, Quigley JW, Bucks DA. Topical delivery system for tretinoin: research and clinical implications. J Pharm Sci 1997; 86 (10): 1138–43PubMedCrossRef

41.

Galvin SA, Gilbert R, Baker M, et al. Comparative tolerance of adapalene 0.1% gel and six different tretinoin formulations. Br J Dermatol 1998; 139 Suppl. 52: 34–40PubMedCrossRef

42.

Quigley JW, Bucks DA. Reduced skin irritation with tretinoin containing polyolprepolymer-2, a new topical tretinoin delivery system: a summary of preclinical and clinical investigations. J Am Acad Dermatol 1998; 38 (4): S5–10CrossRef

43.

Nighland M, Yusuf M, Wisniewski S, et al. The effect of simulated solar UV irradiation on tretinoin in tretinoin gel microsphere 0.1% and tretinoin gel 0.025%. Cutis 2006; 77 (5): 313–6PubMed

44.

Nyirady J, Lucas C, Yusuf M, et al. The stability of tretinoin in tretinoin gel microsphere 0.1%. Cutis 2002; 70 (5): 295–8PubMed

45.

Berger R, Rizer R, Barba A, et al. Tretinoin gel microspheres 0.04% versus 0.1% in adolescents and adults with mild to moderate acne vulgaris: a 12-week, multi- center, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, phase IV trial. Clin Ther 2007; 29 (6): 1086–97PubMedCrossRef

46.

Schafer-Korting M, Korting HC, Ponce-Poschl E. Liposomal tretinoin for uncomplicated acne vulgaris. Clin Investig 1994; 72 (12): 1086–91PubMedCrossRef

47.

Patel VB, Misra A, Marfatia YS. Topical liposomal gel of tretinoin for the treatment of acne: research and clinical implications. Pharm Dev Technol 2000; 5 (4): 455–64PubMedCrossRef

48.

Anadolu RY, Sen T, Tarimci N, et al. Improved efficacy and tolerability of retinoic acid in acne vulgaris: a new topical formulation with cyclodextrin complex psi. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2004; 18 (4): 416–21PubMedCrossRef

49.

Webster G. Mechanism-based treatment of acne vulgaris: the value of combination therapy. J Drugs Dermatol 2005; 4 (3): 281–8PubMed

50.

Mills Jr OH, Kligman AM. Treatment of acne vulgaris with topically applied erythromycin and tretinoin. Acta Derm Venereol 1978; 58 (6): 555–7PubMed

51.

Korting HC, Braun-Falco O. Efficacy and tolerability of combined topical treatment of acne vulgaris with tretinoin and erythromycin in general practice. Drugs Exp Clin Res 1989; 15 (9): 447–51PubMed

52.

Kreusch J, Bextermoller R. Efficacy and tolerability of a topical erythromycin/tretinoin combination preparation in acne treatment: post-marketing surveil- lance study involving over 6500 patients. Curr Med Res Opin 2000; 16 (1): 1–7PubMed

53.

Gupta AK, Lynde CW, Kunynetz RA, et al. A randomized, double-blind, multicenter, parallel group study to compare relative efficacies of the topical gels 3% erythromycin/5% benzoyl peroxide and 0.025% tretinoin/erythromycin 4% in the treatment of moderate acne vulgaris of the face. J Cutan Med Surg 2003; 7 (1): 31–7PubMedCrossRef

54.

Handojo I. Retinoic acid cream (Airol cream) and benzoyl-peroxide in the treatment of acne vulgaris. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 1979; 10 (4): 548–51PubMed

55.

Handojo I. The combined use of topical benzoyl peroxide and tretinoin in the treatment of acne vulgaris. Int J Dermatol 1979; 18 (6): 489–96PubMedCrossRef

56.

Shalita AR, Rafal ES, Anderson DN, et al. Compared efficacy and safety of tretinoin 0.1% microsphere gel alone and in combination with benzoyl peroxide 6% cleanser for the treatment of acne vulgaris. Cutis 2003; 72 (2): 167–72PubMed

57.

Leyden JJ, Krochmal L, Yaroshinsky A. Two randomized, double-blind, controlled trials of 2219 subjects to compare the combination clindamycin/tretinoin hydro- gel with each agent alone and vehicle for the treatment of acne vulgaris. J Am Acad Dermatol 2006; 54 (1): 73–81PubMedCrossRef

58.

Schlessinger J, Menter A, Gold M, et al. Clinical safety and efficacy studies of a novel formulation combining 1.2% clindamycin phosphate and 0.025% tretinoin for the treatment of acne vulgaris. J Drugs Dermatol 2007; 6 (6): 607–15PubMed

59.

Richter JR, Forstrom LR, Kiistala UO, et al. Efficacy of the fixed 1.2% clindamycin phosphate, 0.025% tretinoin gel formulation (Velac) and a proprietary 0.025% tretinoin gel formulation (Aberela) in the topical control of facial acne. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 1998; 11 (3): 227–33PubMed

60.

Bowman S, Gold M, Nasir A, et al. Comparison of clindamycin/benzoyl peroxide, tretinoin plus clindamycin, and the combination of clindamycin/benzoyl perox- ide and tretinoin plus clindamycin in the treatment of acne vulgaris: a randomized, blinded study. J Drugs Dermatol 2005; 4 (5): 611–8PubMed

61.

Taylor SC. Utilizing combination therapy for ethnic skin. Cutis 2007; 80 (1 Suppl.): 15–20PubMed

62.

Kircik L. Community-based trial results of combination clindamycin 1%-benzoyl peroxide 5% topical gel plus tretinoin microsphere gel 0.04% or 0.1% or adapalene gel 0.1% in the treatment of moderate to severe acne. Cutis 2007; 80 (1 Suppl.): 10–4PubMed

63.

Akhavan A, Bershad S. Topical acne drugs: review of clinical properties, systemic exposure, and safety. Am J Clin Dermatol 2003; 4 (7): 473–92PubMedCrossRef

64.

Brand B, Gilbert R, Baker MD, et al. Cumulative irritancy potential of adapalene cream 0.1% compared with adapalene gel 0.1% and several tretinoin formulations. Cutis 2003; 72 (6): 455–8PubMed

65.

Phillips TJ. An update on the safety and efficacy of topical retinoids. Cutis 2005; 75 (2 Suppl.): 14–22, 24PubMed

66.

Nyirady J, Grossman RM, Nighland M, et al. A comparative trial of two retinoids commonly used in the treatment of acne vulgaris. J Dermatolog Treat 2001; 12 (3): 149–57PubMedCrossRef

67.

Laquieze S, Czernielewski J, Rueda MJ. Beneficial effect of a moisturizing cream as adjunctive treatment to oral isotretinoin or topical tretinoin in the management of acne. J Drugs Dermatol 2006; 5 (10): 985–90PubMed

68.

Buchan P, Eckhoff C, Caron D, et al. Repeated topical administration of all-trans retinoic acid and plasma levels of retinoic acids in humans. J Am Acad Dermatol 1994; 30 (3): 428–34PubMedCrossRef

69.

Latriano L, Tzimas G, Wong F, et al. The percutaneous absorption of topically applied tretinoin and its effect on endogenous concentrations of tretinoin and its metabolites after single doses or long-term use. J Am Acad Dermatol 1997; 36 (3 Pt 2): S37–46PubMedCrossRef

70.

van Hoogdalem EJ. Transdermal absorption of topical anti-acne agents in man; review of clinical pharmacokinetic data. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 1998; 11 Suppl. 1: S13–9PubMedCrossRef

71.

Clewell III HJ, Andersen ME, Wills RJ, et al. A physiologically based pharmaco-kinetic model for retinoic acid and its metabolites. J Am Acad Dermatol 1997; 36 (3 Pt 2): S77–85PubMedCrossRef

72.

Lipson AH, Collins F, Webster WS. Multiple congenital defects associated with maternal use of topical tretinoin. Lancet 1993; 341 (8856): 1352–3PubMedCrossRef

73.

Navarre-Belhassen C, Blanchet P, Hillaire-Buys D, et al. Multiple congenital malformations associated with topical tretinoin. Ann Pharmacother 1998; 32 (4): 505–6PubMedCrossRef

74.

Jick SS, Terris BZ, Jick H. First trimester topical tretinoin and congenital disorders. Lancet 1993; 341 (8854): 1181–2PubMedCrossRef

75.

Loureiro KD, Kao KK, Jones KL, et al. Minor malformations characteristic of the retinoic acid embryopathy and other birth outcomes in children of women exposed to topical tretinoin during early pregnancy. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 136 (2): 117–21PubMed

76.

Tsukada M, Schroder M, Roos TC, et al. 13-cis retinoic acid exerts its specific activity on human sebocytes through selective intracellular isomerization to all- trans retinoic acid and binding to retinoid acid receptors. J Invest Dermatol 2000; 115 (2): 321–7PubMedCrossRef

77.

Zouboulis CC. Exploration of retinoid activity and the role of inflammation in acne: issues affecting future directions for acne therapy. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2001; 15 Suppl. 3: 63–7PubMedCrossRef

78.

Chalker DK, Lesher Jr JL, Smith Jr JG, et al. Efficacy of topical isotretinoin 0.05% gel in acne vulgaris: results of a multicenter, double-blind investigation. J Am Acad Dermatol 1987; 17 (2 Pt 1): 251–4PubMedCrossRef

79.

Dominguez J, Hojyo MT, Celayo JL, et al. Topical isotretinoin vs. topical retinoic acid in the treatment of acne vulgaris. Int J Dermatol 1998; 37 (1): 54–5PubMedCrossRef

80.

Ioannides D, Rigopoulos D, Katsambas A. Topical adapalene gel 0.1% vs. isotretinoin gel 0.05% in the treatment of acne vulgaris: a randomized open-label clinical trial. Br J Dermatol 2002; 147 (3): 523–7PubMedCrossRef

81.

Hughes BR, Norris JF, Cunliffe WJ. A double-blind evaluation of topical isotretinoin 0.05%, benzoyl peroxide gel 5% and placebo in patients with acne. Clin Exp Dermatol 1992; 17 (3): 165–8PubMedCrossRef

82.

Glass D, Boorman GC, Stables GI, et al. A placebo-controlled clinical trial to compare a gel containing a combination of isotretinoin (0.05%) and erythromycin (2%) with gels containing isotretinoin (0.05%) or erythromycin (2%) alone in the topical treatment of acne vulgaris. Dermatology 1999; 199 (3): 242–7PubMedCrossRef

83.

Marazzi P, Boorman GC, Donald AE, et al. Clinical evaluation of double strength Isotrexin™ versus Benzamycin® in the topical treatment of mild to moderate acne vulgaris. J Dermatolog Treat 2002; 13 (3): 111–7PubMedCrossRef

84.

Elbaum DJ. Comparison of the stability of topical isotretinoin and topical tretinoin and their efficacy in acne. J Am Acad Dermatol 1988; 19 (3): 486–91PubMedCrossRef

85.

Tschan T, Steffen H, Supersaxo A. Sebaceous-gland deposition of isotretinoin after topical application: an in vitro study using human facial skin. Skin Pharmacol 1997; 10 (3): 126–34PubMedCrossRef

86.

Jensen BK, McGann LA, Kachevsky V, et al. The negligible systemic availability of retinoids with multiple and excessive topical application of isotretinoin 0.05% gel (Isotrex) in patients with acne vulgaris. J Am Acad Dermatol 1991; 24 (3): 425–8PubMedCrossRef

87.

Chen C, Jensen BK, Mistry G, et al. Negligible systemic absorption of topical isotretinoin cream: implications for teratogenicity. J Clin Pharmacol 1997; 37 (4): 279–84PubMed

88.

Cunliffe WJ, Glass D, Goode K, et al. A double-blind investigation of the potential systemic absorption of isotretinoin, when combined with chemical sunscreens, following topical application to patients with widespread acne of the face and trunk. Acta Derm Venereol 2001; 81 (1): 14–7PubMedCrossRef

89.

Waugh J, Noble S, Scott LJ. Adapalene: a review of its use in the treatment of acne vulgaris. Drugs 2004; 64 (13): 1465–78PubMedCrossRef

90.

Thiboutot DM, Gollnick HP. Treatment considerations for inflammatory acne: clinical evidence for adapalene 0.1% in combination therapies. J Drugs Dermatol 2006; 5 (8): 785–94PubMed

91.

Cunliffe WJ, Poncet M, Loesche C, et al. A comparison of the efficacy and tolerability of adapalene 0.1% gel versus tretinoin 0.025% gel in patients with acne vulgaris: a meta-analysis of five randomized trials. Br J Dermatol 1998; 139 Suppl. 52: 48–56PubMedCrossRef

92.

Lucky A, Jorizzo JL, Rodriguez D, et al. Efficacy and tolerance of adapalene cream 0.1% compared with its cream vehicle for the treatment of acne vulgaris. Cutis 2001; 68 (4 Suppl.): 34–40PubMed

93.

Galderma Laboratories. Differin (adapalene) 0.1% cream product insert information, United States [online]. Available from URL: http://www.differin.com/AboutDifferin/ProductInsert_Cream.aspx [Accessed 2008 Sep 26]

94.

Thiboutot D, Pariser DM, Egan N, et al. Adapalene gel 0.3% for the treatment of acne vulgaris: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, controlled, phase III trial. J Am Acad Dermatol 2006; 54 (2): 242–50PubMedCrossRef

95.

Pariser DM, Thiboutot DM, Clark SD, et al. The efficacy and safety of adapalene gel 0.3% in the treatment of acne vulgaris: a randomized, multicenter, investi- gator-blinded, controlled comparison study versus adapalene gel 0.1% and vehicle. Cutis 2005; 76 (2): 145–51PubMed

96.

Czernielewski J, Poncet M, Mizzi F. Efficacy and cutaneous safety of adapalene in black patients versus white patients with acne vulgaris. Cutis 2002; 70 (4): 243–8PubMed

97.

Jacyk WK. Adapalene in the treatment of African patients. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2001; 15 Suppl. 3: 37–42PubMedCrossRef

98.

Tu P, Li GQ, Zhu XJ, et al. A comparison of adapalene gel 0.1% vs. tretinoin gel 0.025% in the treatment of acne vulgaris in China. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2001; 15 Suppl. 3: 31–6PubMedCrossRef

99.

Wolf Jr JE, Kaplan D, Kraus SJ, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of combined topical treatment of acne vulgaris with adapalene and clindamycin: a multicenter, randomized, investigator-blinded study. J Am Acad Dermatol 2003; 49 (3 Suppl.): S211–7PubMedCrossRef

100.

Zhang JZ, Li LF, Tu YT, et al. A successful maintenance approach in inflammatory acne with adapalene gel 0.1% after an initial treatment in combination with clindamycin topical solution 1% or after monotherapy with clindamycin topical solution 1%. J Dermatolog Treat 2004; 15 (6): 372–8PubMedCrossRef

101.

Korkut C, Piskin S. Benzoyl peroxide, adapalene, and their combination in the treatment of acne vulgaris. J Dermatol 2005; 32 (3): 169–73PubMed

102.

Thiboutot DM, Weiss J, Bucko A, et al. Adapalene-benzoyl peroxide, a fixed-dose combination for the treatment of acne vulgaris: results of a multicenter, ran- domized double-blind, controlled study. J Am Acad Dermatol 2007; 57 (5): 791–9PubMedCrossRef

103.

Pariser DM, Westmoreland P, Morris A, et al. Long-term safety and efficacy of a unique fixed-dose combination gel of adapalene 0.1% and benzoyl peroxide 2.5% for the treatment of acne vulgaris. J Drugs Dermatol 2007; 6 (9): 899–905PubMed

104.

Del Rosso JQ. Study results of benzoyl peroxide 5%/clindamycin 1% topical gel, adapalene 0.1% gel, and use in combination for acne vulgaris. J Drugs Dermatol 2007; 6 (6): 616–22PubMed

105.

Cunliffe WJ, Meynadier J, Alirezai M, et al. Is combined oral and topical therapy better than oral therapy alone in patients with moderate to moderately severe acne vulgaris? A comparison of the efficacy and safety of lymecycline plus adapalene gel 0.1%, versus lymecycline plus gel vehicle. J Am Acad Dermatol 2003; 49 (3 Suppl.): S218–26

106.

Thiboutot DM, Shalita AR, Yamauchi PS, et al. Combination therapy with adapalene gel 0.1% and doxycycline for severe acne vulgaris: a multicenter, investigator-blind, randomized, controlled study. Skinmed 2005; 4 (3): 138–46PubMedCrossRef

107.

Cassano N, Amoruso A, Alessandrini G, et al. Treatment of inflammatory acne with a combination therapy with lymecycline and adapalene followed by maintenance treatment with adapalene. Eur J Inflamm 2004; 2 (1): 45–52

108.

Jamoulle JC, Grandjean L, Lamaud E, et al. Follicular penetration and distribution of topically applied CD 271, a new naphthoic acid derivative intended for topical acne treatment. J Invest Dermatol 1990; 94 (5): 731–2PubMedCrossRef

109.

Allec J, Chatelus A, Wagner N. Skin distribution and pharmaceutical aspects of adapalene gel. J Am Acad Dermatol 1997; 36 (6 Pt 2): S119–25CrossRef

110.

Laboratories. Differin (adapalene) 0.3% gel product insert information, United States [online]. Available from URL: http://www.differin.com/AboutDifferin/ProductInsert_Gel03.aspx [Accessed 2008 Aug 15]

111.

Autret E, Berjot M, Jonville-Bera AP, et al. Anophthalmia and agenesis of optic chiasma associated with adapalene gel in early pregnancy [letter]. Lancet 1997; 350 (9074): 339PubMedCrossRef

112.

Birth defects due to topical adapalene and tretinoin. Prescrire Int 1998; 7 (37): 148–9

113.

Topical retinoids during pregnancy (continued). Prescrire Int 2005; 14 (77): 100–1

114.

Dunlap FE, Mills OH, Tuley MR, et al. Adapalene 0.1% gel for the treatment of acne vulgaris: its superiority compared to tretinoin 0.025% cream in skin tolerance and patient preference. Br J Dermatol 1998; 139 Suppl. 52: 17–22PubMedCrossRef

115.

Verschoore M, Poncet M, Czernielewski J, et al. Adapalene 0.1% gel has low skin-irritation potential. J Am Acad Dermatol 1997; 36 (6 Pt 2): S104–9CrossRef

116.

Dosik JS, Homer K, Arsonnaud S. Cumulative irritation potential of adapalene 0.1% cream and gel compared with tretinoin microsphere 0.04% and 0.1%. Cutis 2005; 75 (4): 238–43PubMed

117.

Dosik JS, Homer K, Arsonnaud S. Cumulative irritation potential of adapalene 0.1% cream and gel compared with tazarotene cream 0.05% and 0.1%. Cutis 2005; 75 (5): 289–93PubMed

118.

Brand B, Gilbert R, Baker MD, et al. Cumulative irritancy comparison of adapalene gel 0.1% versus other retinoid products when applied in combination with topical antimicrobial agents. J Am Acad Dermatol 2003; 49 (3 Suppl.): S227–32PubMedCrossRef

119.

Dosik JS, Gilbert RD, Arsonnaud S. Cumulative irritancy comparison of topical retinoid and antimicrobial combination therapies. Skinmed 2006; 5 (5): 219–23PubMedCrossRef

120.

Shalita AR, Chalker DK, Griffith RF, et al. Tazarotene gel is safe and effective in the treatment of acne vulgaris: a multicenter, double-blind, vehicle-controlled study. Cutis 1999; 63 (6): 349–54PubMed

121.

Shalita AR, Berson DS, Thiboutot DM, et al. Effects of tazarotene 0.1% cream in the treatment of facial acne vulgaris: pooled results from two multicenter, double-blind, randomized, vehicle-controlled, parallel-group trials. Clin Ther 2004; 26 (11): 1865–73PubMedCrossRef

122.

Webster GF, Berson D, Stein LF, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of once-daily tazarotene 0.1% gel versus once-daily tretinoin 0.025% gel in the treatment of facial acne vulgaris: a randomized trial. Cutis 2001; 67 (6 Suppl.): 4–9PubMed

123.

Leyden JJ, Tanghetti EA, Miller B, et al. Once-daily tazarotene 0.1% gel versus once-daily tretinoin 0.1% microsponge gel for the treatment of facial acne vulgaris: a double-blind randomized trial. Cutis 2002; 69 (2 Suppl.): 12–9PubMed

124.

Webster GF, Guenther L, Poulin YP, et al. A multicenter, double-blind, randomized comparison study of the efficacy and tolerability of once-daily tazarotene 0.1% gel and adapalene 0.1% gel for the treatment of facial acne vulgaris. Cutis 2002; 69 (2 Suppl.): 4–11PubMed

125.

Shalita A, Miller B, Menter A, et al. Tazarotene cream versus adapalene cream in the treatment of facial acne vulgaris: a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, parallel-group study. J Drugs Dermatol 2005; 4 (2): 153–8PubMed

126.

Leyden J, Lowe N, Kakita L, et al. Comparison of treatment of acne vulgaris with alternate-day applications of tazarotene 0.1% gel and once-daily applications of adapalene 0.1% gel: a randomized trial. Cutis 2001; 67 (6 Suppl.): 10–6PubMed

127.

Bershad S, Kranjac SG, Parente JE, et al. Successful treatment of acne vulgaris using a new method: results of a randomized vehicle-controlled trial of short- contact therapy with 0.1% tazarotene gel. Arch Dermatol 2002; 138 (4): 481–9PubMedCrossRef

128.

Saple DG, Torsekar RG, Pawanarkar V, et al. An open study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tazarotene gel (0.1%) in acne vulgaris. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2004; 70 (2): 92–5PubMed

129.

Grimes P, Callender V. Tazarotene cream for postinflammatory hyperpigmentation and acne vulgaris in darker skin: a double-blind, randomized, vehicle-controlled study. Cutis 2006; 77 (1): 45–50PubMed

130.

Draelos ZD, Tanghetti EA. Optimizing the use of tazarotene for the treatment of facial acne vulgaris through combination therapy. Cutis 2002; 69 (2 Suppl.): 20–9PubMed

131.

Tanghetti E, Abramovits W, Solomon B, et al. Tazarotene versus tazarotene plus clindamycin/benzoyl peroxide in the treatment of acne vulgaris: a multicenter, double-blind, randomized parallel-group trial. J Drugs Dermatol 2006; 5 (3): 256–61PubMed

132.

Leyden J, Thiboutot DM, Shalita AR, et al. Comparison of tazarotene and minocycline maintenance therapies in acne vulgaris: a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, parallel-group study. Arch Dermatol 2006; 142 (5): 605–12PubMedCrossRef

133.

Menter A. Pharmacokinetics and safety of tazarotene. J Am Acad Dermatol 2000; 43 (2 Pt 3): S31–5PubMedCrossRef

134.

Madhu C, Duff S, Baumgarten V, et al. Metabolic deesterification of tazarotene in human blood and rat and human liver microsomes. J Pharm Sci 1997; 86 (8): 972–4

135.

Tang-Liu DD, Matsumoto RM, Usansky JI. Clinical pharmacokinetics and drug metabolism of tazarotene: a novel topical treatment for acne and psoriasis. Clin Pharmacokinet 1999; 37 (4): 273–87PubMedCrossRef

136.

Dosik JS, Arsonnaud S. Tolerability comparison of adapalene gel, 0.3% versus tazarotene cream, 0.05% in subjects with healthy skin. J Drugs Dermatol 2007; 6 (6): 632–8PubMed

137.

Leyden JJ. Meta-analysis of topical tazarotene in the treatment of mild to moderate acne. Cutis 2004; 74 (4 Suppl.): 9–15PubMed

138.

Marks R. Pharmacokinetics and safety review of tazarotene. J Am Acad Dermatol 1998; 39 (4 Pt 2): S134–8PubMedCrossRef

139.

Fort-Lacoste L, Verscheure Y, Tisne-Versailles J, et al. Comedolytic effect of topical retinaldehyde in the rhino mouse model. Dermatology 1999; 199 Suppl. 1: 33–5PubMedCrossRef

140.

Pechere M, Germanier L, Siegenthaler G, et al. The antibacterial activity of topical retinoids: the case of retinaldehyde. Dermatology 2002; 205 (2): 153–8PubMedCrossRef

141.

Poli F, Ribet V, Lauze C, et al. Efficacy and safety of 0.1% retinaldehyde/6% glycolic acid (Diacneal) for mild to moderate acne vulgaris: a multicentre, double-blind, randomized, vehicle-controlled trial. Dermatology 2005; 210 Suppl. 1: 14–21PubMedCrossRef

142.

Dreno B, Nocera T, Verriere F, et al. Topical retinaldehyde with glycolic acid: study of tolerance and acceptability in association with anti-acne treatments in 1,709 patients. Dermatology 2005; 210 Suppl. 1: 22–9PubMed

143.

Dreno B, Katsambas A, Pelfini C, et al. Combined 0.1% retinaldehyde/6% glycolic acid cream in prophylaxis and treatment of acne scarring. Dermatology 2007; 214 (3): 260–7PubMedCrossRef

144.

Katsambas AD. RALGA (Diacneal), a retinaldehyde and glycolic acid association and postinflammatory hyperpigmentation in acne: a review. Dermatology 2005; 210 Suppl. 1: 39–45PubMedCrossRef

145.

Morel P, Vienne MP, Beylot C, et al. Clinical efficacy and safety of a topical combination of retinaldehyde 0.1% with erythromycin 4% in acne vulgaris. Clin Exp Dermatol 1999; 24 (5): 354–7PubMedCrossRef

146.

Fluhr JW, Vienne MP, Lauze C, et al. Tolerance profile of retinol, retinaldehyde and retinoic acid under maximized and long-term clinical conditions. Dermatology 1999; 199 Suppl. 1: 57–60PubMedCrossRef

147.

Leyden JJ, Del Rosso JQ, Webster GF. Clinical considerations in the treatment of acne vulgaris and other inflammatory skin disorders: focus on antibiotic resistance. Cutis 2007; 79 (6 Suppl.): 9–25PubMed

148.

Thiboutot DM, Shalita AR, Yamauchi PS, et al. Adapalene gel, 0.1%, as maintenance therapy for acne vulgaris: a randomized, controlled, investigator-blind follow-up of a recent combination study. Arch Dermatol 2006; 142 (5): 597–602PubMedCrossRef

149.

Alirezai M, George SA, Coutts I, et al. Daily treatment with adapalene gel 0.1% maintains initial improvement of acne vulgaris previously treated with oral lymecycline. Eur J Dermatol 2007; 17 (1): 45–51PubMed

Titel: Topical Retinoids in Acne Vulgaris
Update on Efficacy and Safety
verfasst von: Anja Thielitz
Prof. Harald Gollnick
Publikationsdatum: 01.12.2008
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Erschienen in: American Journal of Clinical Dermatology / Ausgabe 6/2008
Print ISSN: 1175-0561
Elektronische ISSN: 1179-1888
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2165/0128071-200809060-00003

Leitlinien kompakt für die Dermatologie

Mit medbee Pocketcards sicher entscheiden.

^{Seit 2022 gehört die medbee GmbH zum Springer Medizin Verlag}

Kostenlos registrieren

Neu im Fachgebiet Dermatologie

Hirsutismus bei PCOS: Laser- und Lichttherapien helfen

26.04.2024 Hirsutismus Nachrichten

Laser- und Lichtbehandlungen können bei Frauen mit polyzystischem Ovarialsyndrom (PCOS) den übermäßigen Haarwuchs verringern und das Wohlbefinden verbessern – bei alleiniger Anwendung oder in Kombination mit Medikamenten.

Bei schweren Reaktionen auf Insektenstiche empfiehlt sich eine spezifische Immuntherapie

25.04.2024 Allergien und Intoleranzreaktionen Nachrichten

Insektenstiche sind bei Erwachsenen die häufigsten Auslöser einer Anaphylaxie. Einen wirksamen Schutz vor schweren anaphylaktischen Reaktionen bietet die allergenspezifische Immuntherapie. Jedoch kommt sie noch viel zu selten zum Einsatz.

Auf diese Krankheiten bei Geflüchteten sollten Sie vorbereitet sein

22.04.2024 DGIM 2024 Nachrichten

Um Menschen nach der Flucht aus einem Krisengebiet bestmöglich medizinisch betreuen zu können, ist es gut zu wissen, welche Erkrankungen im jeweiligen Herkunftsland häufig sind. Dabei hilft eine Internetseite der CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention).

Kein Abstrich bei chronischen Wunden ohne Entzündungszeichen!

16.04.2024 DGIM 2024 Nachrichten

Den Reflex, eine oberflächliche chronische Hautwunde ohne Entzündungszeichen in jedem Fall abzustreichen, sollte man nach einer neuen „Klug-entscheiden“-Empfehlung unterdrücken.

Update Dermatologie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.

Newsletter bestellen

Springer Medizin

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu diesem Inhalt zu erhalten

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 6/2008

Improvement in Psoriasis following Treatment with Gabapentin and Pregabalin

Bilateral Sporotrichoid Lymphocutaneous Dermatosis in a Drug Abuser

Acknowledgment

Use of Fludarabine-Containing Chemotherapeutic Regimen Results in Durable Complete Remission of Subcutaneous Panniculitis-Like T-Cell Lymphoma

Spotlight on Retapamulin in Impetigo and Other Uncomplicated Superficial Skin Infections†