Treatment of native CoA may be accomplished surgically, or through an interventional approach which has excellent outcomes, and is found to be comparable to surgery in children above one-year-old [
8,
9]. However; surgical repair remains an important option for treatment of aortic coarctation during childhood, although it is mostly performed in neonates and young infants nowadays. There is a lack of consensus regarding the preferred technique for surgical repair of CoA repair [
10]. Overall perioperative morbidity and mortality rates following CoA surgical repair are low (approximately 2.6% for older children and adults), and mainly determined by age at operation, and presence of associated congenital heart anomalies regardless of the operative technique [
11,
12]. In our study, and especially in the first ten years of the study period, interventional approach was not widely used in our hospital, and therefore children (1–12 years) comprised most of the patients’ cohort. The early mortality rate in our study was 4.8%, and there was nearly statistically significant difference between age groups regarding mortality (P value = 0.07), as most mortalities were in the infants’ group. This can be attributed to left ventricular dysfunction that may be present in infants presenting with severe CoA. Moreover, there was not statistically significant difference between different surgical techniques regarding in-hospital mortality. One of the most important issues after surgical repair of CoA is the development of recurrent coarctation. The aortic wall in patients with CoA is histologically abnormal (different smooth muscle and extracellular matrix compared with normal aortic wall), and its affected compliance and distensibility predispose the patient to recurrence of the coarctation after surgical repair [
9,
10]. Recurrent coarctation is defined as a residual gradient of more than 20 to 30 mm Hg at the coarctation site. Recoarctation rate has been reported in different studies to be between 5% and 24% [
13‐
18]. It has been reported that surgical repair performed in neonates and young infants has higher rates of recurrence [
18‐
21]. In our study cohort, recoarctation developed in 5% of the survived patients, with nearly statistically significant difference among the different age groups (P value = 0.07), meaning that recoarctation incidence was higher in infants. This is consistent with most articles that study the surgical outcomes of CoA repair, and may be explained by the lack of growth in the anastomosis area. Moreover, we found that the patch plasty technique had the highest incidence of recoarctation (9.4%), and this was consistent with some other reports [
22]. Other studies found that recoarctation rates were higher in patients in whom the SCAP technique was used compared to EEA technique [
23]. Although we found that PP technique was associated with more recurrence rate; however, P value was not statistically significant (0.07). According to one study; however, the specific surgical repair technique was not important in determining recurrence [
24]. Interventional management by balloon angioplasty or endovascular stent placement, is the treatment of choice for most patients with recurrent coarctation [
18]. Paraplegia is a rare but disastrous complication of CoA surgical repair. It developed in four of our patients (one infant, and three children). In all these patients, the time of aortic clamping exceeded one hour. It might be useful to apply spinal cord protection methods such as topical cooling. The risk of spinal cord injury nowadays is lower than previous reports [
25].