Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Herz 6/2018

19.07.2018 | Lunge und Herz | CME

Herz oder Lunge?

Diagnostik und Management der unklaren Belastungsdyspnoe

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. med. H. Wilkens, PD Dr. med. M. Held

Erschienen in: Herz | Ausgabe 6/2018

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Zusammenfassung

Belastungsdyspnoe ist ein unspezifisches Symptom, dem vielfältige Ursachen zugrunde liegen können. Es kann schwierig sein, eine beginnende kardiale Erkrankung von einer pulmonalen Erkrankung oder Trainingsmangel zu differenzieren, auch eine Adipositas erschwert die Gesamtbeurteilung. Seltene Erkrankungen wie pulmonale Hypertonie mit Belastungsdyspnoe als Kardinalsymptom werden in der Regel erst spät diagnostiziert. Ausgangspunkt einer erfolgreichen Abklärung ist eine sorgfältige Anamnese. Die Kombination aus Symptomen und Befunden führt zur Differenzialdiagnose. Einfach verfügbare Basisuntersuchungen wie körperliche Untersuchung, EKG, Spirometrie und Labor helfen bei der Diagnosestellung. Bei ungeklärten Ursachen stehen die erweiterte Diagnostik wie Echokardiographie und Blutgasanalyse und schließlich Spezialuntersuchungen zur Verfügung. Spiroergometrie und Echokardiographie unter Belastung sowie Rechtsherzkatheter in Ruhe und ggf. unter Belastung durch erfahrene Untersucher erlauben die genaue Differenzierung.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Oktay AA, Shah SJ (2015) Diagnosis and management of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: 10 key lessons. Curr Cardiol Rev 11:42–52CrossRef Oktay AA, Shah SJ (2015) Diagnosis and management of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: 10 key lessons. Curr Cardiol Rev 11:42–52CrossRef
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Huang W, Resch S, al Oliveiraet RK (2017) Invasive cardiopulmonary exercise testing in the evaluation of unexplained dyspnea: insights from a multidisciplinary dyspnea center. Eur J Prev Cardiol 24:1190–1199CrossRef Huang W, Resch S, al Oliveiraet RK (2017) Invasive cardiopulmonary exercise testing in the evaluation of unexplained dyspnea: insights from a multidisciplinary dyspnea center. Eur J Prev Cardiol 24:1190–1199CrossRef
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Parshall MB, Schwartzstein RM, al Adamset L (2012) An official American Thoracic Society statement: update on the mechanisms, assessment, and management of dyspnea. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 185:435–452CrossRef Parshall MB, Schwartzstein RM, al Adamset L (2012) An official American Thoracic Society statement: update on the mechanisms, assessment, and management of dyspnea. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 185:435–452CrossRef
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Scano G, Stendardi L, Grazzini M (2005) Understanding dyspnoea by its language. Eur Respir J 25:380–385CrossRef Scano G, Stendardi L, Grazzini M (2005) Understanding dyspnoea by its language. Eur Respir J 25:380–385CrossRef
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Mularski RA, Campbell ML, al Aschet SM (2010) A review of quality of care evaluation for the palliation of dyspnea. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 181:534–538CrossRef Mularski RA, Campbell ML, al Aschet SM (2010) A review of quality of care evaluation for the palliation of dyspnea. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 181:534–538CrossRef
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Banzett RB, Pedersen SH, al Schwartzsteinet RM (2008) The affective dimension of laboratory dyspnea: air hunger is more unpleasant than work/effort. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 177:1384–1390CrossRef Banzett RB, Pedersen SH, al Schwartzsteinet RM (2008) The affective dimension of laboratory dyspnea: air hunger is more unpleasant than work/effort. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 177:1384–1390CrossRef
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Bausewein C, Schunk M, al Schumacheret P (2018) Breathlessness services as a new model of support for patients with respiratory disease. Chron Respir Dis 15:48–59CrossRef Bausewein C, Schunk M, al Schumacheret P (2018) Breathlessness services as a new model of support for patients with respiratory disease. Chron Respir Dis 15:48–59CrossRef
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Borg G (1982) Ratings of perceived exertion and heart rates during short-term cycle exercise and their use in a new cycling strength test. Int J Sports Med 3:153–158CrossRef Borg G (1982) Ratings of perceived exertion and heart rates during short-term cycle exercise and their use in a new cycling strength test. Int J Sports Med 3:153–158CrossRef
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Worster A, Balion CM, al Hillet SA (2008) Diagnostic accuracy of BNP and NT-proBNP in patients presenting to acute care settings with dyspnea: a systematic review. Clin Biochem 41:250–259CrossRef Worster A, Balion CM, al Hillet SA (2008) Diagnostic accuracy of BNP and NT-proBNP in patients presenting to acute care settings with dyspnea: a systematic review. Clin Biochem 41:250–259CrossRef
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Ponikowski P, Voors AA, Ankeret SD et al (2016) 2016 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: The Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Developed with the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. Eur J Heart Fail 18:891–975CrossRef Ponikowski P, Voors AA, Ankeret SD et al (2016) 2016 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: The Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Developed with the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. Eur J Heart Fail 18:891–975CrossRef
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Wang TJ, Larson MG, al Levyet D (2004) Impact of obesity on plasma natriuretic peptide levels. Circulation 109:594–600CrossRef Wang TJ, Larson MG, al Levyet D (2004) Impact of obesity on plasma natriuretic peptide levels. Circulation 109:594–600CrossRef
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Mehra MR, Uber PA, al Parket MH (2004) Obesity and suppressed B‑type natriuretic peptide levels in heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 43:1590–1595CrossRef Mehra MR, Uber PA, al Parket MH (2004) Obesity and suppressed B‑type natriuretic peptide levels in heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 43:1590–1595CrossRef
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Batal O, Faulx M, al Krasuskiet RA (2012) Effect of obesity on B‑type natriuretic peptide levels in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Am J Cardiol 110:909–914CrossRef Batal O, Faulx M, al Krasuskiet RA (2012) Effect of obesity on B‑type natriuretic peptide levels in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Am J Cardiol 110:909–914CrossRef
14.
Zurück zum Zitat CriéE CP, Baur X, Berdelet D et al (2015) S2k-Leitlinie der Deutschen Atemwegsliga, der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Pneumologie und Beatmungsmedizin und der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Arbeitsmedizin und Umweltmedizin zur Spirometrie. AWMF-Leitlinie Registernummer 020–017 CriéE CP, Baur X, Berdelet D et al (2015) S2k-Leitlinie der Deutschen Atemwegsliga, der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Pneumologie und Beatmungsmedizin und der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Arbeitsmedizin und Umweltmedizin zur Spirometrie. AWMF-Leitlinie Registernummer 020–017
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Held M, Baron S, Jany B (2018) Functional diagnostics in pneumology. Internist (Berl) 59:15–24CrossRef Held M, Baron S, Jany B (2018) Functional diagnostics in pneumology. Internist (Berl) 59:15–24CrossRef
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Nordang L, Norlander K, Walsted ES (2018) Exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction-an overview. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 38:271–280CrossRef Nordang L, Norlander K, Walsted ES (2018) Exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction-an overview. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 38:271–280CrossRef
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Krey D, Best T (2014) Dyspneic athlete. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med 7:373–380CrossRef Krey D, Best T (2014) Dyspneic athlete. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med 7:373–380CrossRef
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Joho S, Ushijima R, al Akabaneet T (2017) Restrictive lung function is related to sympathetic hyperactivity in patients with heart failure. J Card Fail 23:96–103CrossRef Joho S, Ushijima R, al Akabaneet T (2017) Restrictive lung function is related to sympathetic hyperactivity in patients with heart failure. J Card Fail 23:96–103CrossRef
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Meyer FJ, Ewert R, al Hoeperet MM (2002) Peripheral airway obstruction in primary pulmonary hypertension. Thorax 57:473–476CrossRef Meyer FJ, Ewert R, al Hoeperet MM (2002) Peripheral airway obstruction in primary pulmonary hypertension. Thorax 57:473–476CrossRef
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Dalsgaard M, Plesner LL, al Schouet M (2017) Prevalence of airflow obstruction in patients with stable systolic heart failure. BMC Pulm Med 17:6CrossRef Dalsgaard M, Plesner LL, al Schouet M (2017) Prevalence of airflow obstruction in patients with stable systolic heart failure. BMC Pulm Med 17:6CrossRef
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Plesner LL, Dalsgaard M, al Schouet M (2017) The prognostic significance of lung function in stable heart failure outpatients. Clin Cardiol 40:1145–1151CrossRef Plesner LL, Dalsgaard M, al Schouet M (2017) The prognostic significance of lung function in stable heart failure outpatients. Clin Cardiol 40:1145–1151CrossRef
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Hoeper MM, Meyer K, al Rademacheret J (2016) Diffusion capacity and mortality in patients with pulmonary hypertension due to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. JACC Heart Fail 4:441–449CrossRef Hoeper MM, Meyer K, al Rademacheret J (2016) Diffusion capacity and mortality in patients with pulmonary hypertension due to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. JACC Heart Fail 4:441–449CrossRef
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Hoeper MM, Pletz MW, al Golponet H (2007) Prognostic value of blood gas analyses in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur Respir J 29:944–950CrossRef Hoeper MM, Pletz MW, al Golponet H (2007) Prognostic value of blood gas analyses in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur Respir J 29:944–950CrossRef
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Laboratories ATSCOPSFCPF (2002) ATS statement: guidelines for the six-minute walk test. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 166:111–117CrossRef Laboratories ATSCOPSFCPF (2002) ATS statement: guidelines for the six-minute walk test. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 166:111–117CrossRef
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Holland AE, Spruit MA, al Troosterset T (2014) An official European Respiratory Society/American Thoracic Society technical standard: field walking tests in chronic respiratory disease. Eur Respir J 44:1428–1446CrossRef Holland AE, Spruit MA, al Troosterset T (2014) An official European Respiratory Society/American Thoracic Society technical standard: field walking tests in chronic respiratory disease. Eur Respir J 44:1428–1446CrossRef
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Deboeck G, Van Muylem A, al Vachieryet JL (2014) Physiological response to the 6‑minute walk test in chronic heart failure patients versus healthy control subjects. Eur J Prev Cardiol 21:997–1003CrossRef Deboeck G, Van Muylem A, al Vachieryet JL (2014) Physiological response to the 6‑minute walk test in chronic heart failure patients versus healthy control subjects. Eur J Prev Cardiol 21:997–1003CrossRef
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Wilkens H, Konstantinides S, al Langet I (2016) Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: recommendations of the Cologne Consensus Conference 2016. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 141:S62–S69CrossRef Wilkens H, Konstantinides S, al Langet I (2016) Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: recommendations of the Cologne Consensus Conference 2016. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 141:S62–S69CrossRef
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Bernhardt V, Babb TG (2016) Exertional dyspnoea in obesity. Eur Respir Rev 25:487–495CrossRef Bernhardt V, Babb TG (2016) Exertional dyspnoea in obesity. Eur Respir Rev 25:487–495CrossRef
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Troosters T, Hornikx M, al Demeyeret H (2014) Pulmonary rehabilitation: timing, location, and duration. Clin Chest Med 35:303–311CrossRef Troosters T, Hornikx M, al Demeyeret H (2014) Pulmonary rehabilitation: timing, location, and duration. Clin Chest Med 35:303–311CrossRef
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Dowman LM, Mcdonald CF, al Hillet CJ (2017) The evidence of benefits of exercise training in interstitial lung disease: a randomised controlled trial. Thorax 72:610–619CrossRef Dowman LM, Mcdonald CF, al Hillet CJ (2017) The evidence of benefits of exercise training in interstitial lung disease: a randomised controlled trial. Thorax 72:610–619CrossRef
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Spruit MA, Singh SJ, al Garveyet C (2013) An official American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society statement: key concepts and advances in pulmonary rehabilitation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 188:e13–64CrossRef Spruit MA, Singh SJ, al Garveyet C (2013) An official American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society statement: key concepts and advances in pulmonary rehabilitation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 188:e13–64CrossRef
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Ehlken N, Lichtblau M, al Kloseet H (2016) Exercise training improves peak oxygen consumption and haemodynamics in patients with severe pulmonary arterial hypertension and inoperable chronic thrombo-embolic pulmonary hypertension: a prospective, randomized, controlled trial. Eur Heart J 37:35–44CrossRef Ehlken N, Lichtblau M, al Kloseet H (2016) Exercise training improves peak oxygen consumption and haemodynamics in patients with severe pulmonary arterial hypertension and inoperable chronic thrombo-embolic pulmonary hypertension: a prospective, randomized, controlled trial. Eur Heart J 37:35–44CrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Herz oder Lunge?
Diagnostik und Management der unklaren Belastungsdyspnoe
verfasst von
Prof. Dr. med. H. Wilkens
PD Dr. med. M. Held
Publikationsdatum
19.07.2018
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
Herz / Ausgabe 6/2018
Print ISSN: 0340-9937
Elektronische ISSN: 1615-6692
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00059-018-4730-2

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 6/2018

Herz 6/2018 Zur Ausgabe

Schwerpunkt

Zertifizierungen