Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology 12/2009

01.12.2009 | Editorial

Management of non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy

verfasst von: Sohan Singh Hayreh

Erschienen in: Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology | Ausgabe 12/2009

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Excerpt

Non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NA-AION) is one of the major causes of seriously impaired vision among the middle-aged and elderly population; in addition, contrary to popular belief, it also occurs in young persons, though less commonly. In spite of it being a common disease, almost all publications on NA-AION contain the following two statements: (1) “Pathogenesis of NA-AION is unknown.” and (2) “There is no known treatment for NA-AION.”. Given the current state of our knowledge on NA-AION, neither statement is correct, as will be evident from the following short discussion. (Both pathogenesis and management of NA-AION are discussed at length elsewhere [1, 2]). …
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Hayreh SS (1996) Acute ischemic disorders of the optic nerve: pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and management. Ophthalmol Clin North Am 9:407–442 Hayreh SS (1996) Acute ischemic disorders of the optic nerve: pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and management. Ophthalmol Clin North Am 9:407–442
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Repka MX, Savino PJ, Schatz NJ, Sergott RC (1983) Clinical profile and long-term implications of anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. Am J Ophthalmol 96:478–483PubMed Repka MX, Savino PJ, Schatz NJ, Sergott RC (1983) Clinical profile and long-term implications of anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. Am J Ophthalmol 96:478–483PubMed
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Guyer DR, Miller NR, Auer CL, Fine SL (1985) The risk of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disease in patients with anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. Arch Ophthalmol 103:1136–1142PubMed Guyer DR, Miller NR, Auer CL, Fine SL (1985) The risk of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disease in patients with anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. Arch Ophthalmol 103:1136–1142PubMed
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Hayreh SS, Joos KM, Podhajsky PA, Long CR (1994) Systemic diseases associated with nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. Am J Ophthalmol 118:766–780PubMed Hayreh SS, Joos KM, Podhajsky PA, Long CR (1994) Systemic diseases associated with nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. Am J Ophthalmol 118:766–780PubMed
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Jacobson DM, Vierkant RA, Belongia EA (1997) Nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. A case-control study of potential risk factors. Arch Ophthalmol 115:1403–1407PubMed Jacobson DM, Vierkant RA, Belongia EA (1997) Nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. A case-control study of potential risk factors. Arch Ophthalmol 115:1403–1407PubMed
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Hayreh SS, Zimmerman MB (2008) Nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy: clinical characteristics in diabetic patients versus nondiabetic patients. Ophthalmology 115:1818–1825CrossRefPubMed Hayreh SS, Zimmerman MB (2008) Nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy: clinical characteristics in diabetic patients versus nondiabetic patients. Ophthalmology 115:1818–1825CrossRefPubMed
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Mojon DS, Hedges TR 3rd, Ehrenberg B, Karam EZ, Goldblum D, Abou-Chebl A, Gugger M, Mathis J (2002) Association between sleep apnea syndrome and nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. Arch Ophthalmol 120:601–605PubMed Mojon DS, Hedges TR 3rd, Ehrenberg B, Karam EZ, Goldblum D, Abou-Chebl A, Gugger M, Mathis J (2002) Association between sleep apnea syndrome and nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. Arch Ophthalmol 120:601–605PubMed
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Palombi K, Renard E, Levy P, Chiquet C, Deschaux C, Romanet JP, Pépin JL (2006) Non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy is nearly systematically associated with obstructive sleep apnoea. Br J Ophthalmol 90:879–882CrossRefPubMed Palombi K, Renard E, Levy P, Chiquet C, Deschaux C, Romanet JP, Pépin JL (2006) Non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy is nearly systematically associated with obstructive sleep apnoea. Br J Ophthalmol 90:879–882CrossRefPubMed
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Li J, McGwin G Jr, Vaphiades MS, Owsley C (2007) Non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy and presumed sleep apnoea syndrome screened by the Sleep Apnea scale of the Sleep Disorders Questionnaire (SA-SDQ). Br J Ophthalmol 91:1524–1527CrossRefPubMed Li J, McGwin G Jr, Vaphiades MS, Owsley C (2007) Non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy and presumed sleep apnoea syndrome screened by the Sleep Apnea scale of the Sleep Disorders Questionnaire (SA-SDQ). Br J Ophthalmol 91:1524–1527CrossRefPubMed
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Hayreh SS (1987) Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. VIII. Clinical features and pathogenesis of post-hemorrhagic amaurosis. Ophthalmology 94:1488–1502PubMed Hayreh SS (1987) Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. VIII. Clinical features and pathogenesis of post-hemorrhagic amaurosis. Ophthalmology 94:1488–1502PubMed
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Hayreh SS, Servais GE, Virdi PS (1986) Fundus lesions in malignant hypertension. V. Hypertensive optic neuropathy. Ophthalmology 93:74–87PubMed Hayreh SS, Servais GE, Virdi PS (1986) Fundus lesions in malignant hypertension. V. Hypertensive optic neuropathy. Ophthalmology 93:74–87PubMed
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Beck RW, Servais GE, Hayreh SS (1987) Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. IX. Cup-to-disc ratio and its role in pathogenesis. Ophthalmology 94:1503–1508PubMed Beck RW, Servais GE, Hayreh SS (1987) Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. IX. Cup-to-disc ratio and its role in pathogenesis. Ophthalmology 94:1503–1508PubMed
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Hayreh SS, Zimmerman MB (2008) Nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy: refractive error and its relationship to cup/disc ratio. Ophthalmology 115:2275–2281CrossRefPubMed Hayreh SS, Zimmerman MB (2008) Nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy: refractive error and its relationship to cup/disc ratio. Ophthalmology 115:2275–2281CrossRefPubMed
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Hayreh SS (1990) In vivo choroidal circulation and its watershed zones. Eye 4:273–289PubMed Hayreh SS (1990) In vivo choroidal circulation and its watershed zones. Eye 4:273–289PubMed
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Hayreh SS (1995) The 1994 Von Sallman Lecture. The optic nerve head circulation in health and disease. Exp Eye Res 61:259–272CrossRefPubMed Hayreh SS (1995) The 1994 Von Sallman Lecture. The optic nerve head circulation in health and disease. Exp Eye Res 61:259–272CrossRefPubMed
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Hayreh SS (1980) Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. IV. Occurrence after cataract extraction. Arch Ophthalmol 98:1410–1416PubMed Hayreh SS (1980) Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. IV. Occurrence after cataract extraction. Arch Ophthalmol 98:1410–1416PubMed
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Hayreh SS (1977) Optic disc edema in raised intracranial pressure. VI. Associated visual disturbances and their pathogenesis. Arch Ophthalmol 95:1566–1579PubMed Hayreh SS (1977) Optic disc edema in raised intracranial pressure. VI. Associated visual disturbances and their pathogenesis. Arch Ophthalmol 95:1566–1579PubMed
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Hayreh SS, Zimmerman MB (2007) Incipient nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. Ophthalmology 114:1763–1772CrossRefPubMed Hayreh SS, Zimmerman MB (2007) Incipient nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. Ophthalmology 114:1763–1772CrossRefPubMed
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Hayreh SS, Podhajsky PA, Zimmerman B (1997) Nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy: time of onset of visual loss. Am J Ophthalmol 124:641–647PubMed Hayreh SS, Podhajsky PA, Zimmerman B (1997) Nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy: time of onset of visual loss. Am J Ophthalmol 124:641–647PubMed
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Hayreh SS, Zimmerman MB, Podhajsky P, Alward WL (1994) Nocturnal arterial hypotension and its role in optic nerve head and ocular ischemic disorders. Am J Ophthalmol 117:603–624PubMed Hayreh SS, Zimmerman MB, Podhajsky P, Alward WL (1994) Nocturnal arterial hypotension and its role in optic nerve head and ocular ischemic disorders. Am J Ophthalmol 117:603–624PubMed
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Hayreh SS, Podhajsky P, Zimmerman MB (1999) Role of nocturnal arterial hypotension in optic nerve head ischemic disorders. Ophthalmologica 213:76–96CrossRefPubMed Hayreh SS, Podhajsky P, Zimmerman MB (1999) Role of nocturnal arterial hypotension in optic nerve head ischemic disorders. Ophthalmologica 213:76–96CrossRefPubMed
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Sergott RC, Cohen MS, Bosley TM, Savino PJ (1989) Optic nerve decompression may improve the progressive form of nonarteritic ischemic optic neuropathy. Arch Ophthalmol 107:1743–1754PubMed Sergott RC, Cohen MS, Bosley TM, Savino PJ (1989) Optic nerve decompression may improve the progressive form of nonarteritic ischemic optic neuropathy. Arch Ophthalmol 107:1743–1754PubMed
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Hayreh SS (1990) The role of optic nerve sheath fenestration in management of anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. Arch Ophthalmol 108:1063–1065PubMed Hayreh SS (1990) The role of optic nerve sheath fenestration in management of anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. Arch Ophthalmol 108:1063–1065PubMed
25.
Zurück zum Zitat The Ischemic Optic Neuropathy Decompression Trial Research Group (1995) Optic nerve decompression surgery for nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) is not effective and may be harmful. JAMA 273:625–632CrossRef The Ischemic Optic Neuropathy Decompression Trial Research Group (1995) Optic nerve decompression surgery for nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) is not effective and may be harmful. JAMA 273:625–632CrossRef
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Hayreh SS, Zimmerman MB (2008) Nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy: natural history of visual outcome. Ophthalmology 115:298–305CrossRefPubMed Hayreh SS, Zimmerman MB (2008) Nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy: natural history of visual outcome. Ophthalmology 115:298–305CrossRefPubMed
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Beck RW, Hayreh SS, Podhajsky PA, Tan ES, Moke PS (1997) Aspirin therapy in nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. Am J Ophthalmol 123:212–217PubMed Beck RW, Hayreh SS, Podhajsky PA, Tan ES, Moke PS (1997) Aspirin therapy in nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. Am J Ophthalmol 123:212–217PubMed
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Newman NJ, Scherer R, Langenberg P, Kelman S, Feldon S, Kaufman D, Dickersin K, Ischemic Optic Neuropathy Decompression Trial Research Group (2002) The fellow eye in NAION: report from the ischemic optic neuropathy decompression trial follow-up study. Am J Ophthalmol 134:317–328CrossRefPubMed Newman NJ, Scherer R, Langenberg P, Kelman S, Feldon S, Kaufman D, Dickersin K, Ischemic Optic Neuropathy Decompression Trial Research Group (2002) The fellow eye in NAION: report from the ischemic optic neuropathy decompression trial follow-up study. Am J Ophthalmol 134:317–328CrossRefPubMed
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Johnson LN, Gould TJ, Krohel GB (1996) Effect of levodopa and carbidopa on recovery of visual function in patients with nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy of longer than six months’ duration. Am J Ophthalmol 121:77–83PubMed Johnson LN, Gould TJ, Krohel GB (1996) Effect of levodopa and carbidopa on recovery of visual function in patients with nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy of longer than six months’ duration. Am J Ophthalmol 121:77–83PubMed
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Johnson LN, Guy ME, Krohel GB, Madsen RW (2000) Levodopa may improve vision loss in recent-onset, nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. Ophthalmology 107:521–526CrossRefPubMed Johnson LN, Guy ME, Krohel GB, Madsen RW (2000) Levodopa may improve vision loss in recent-onset, nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. Ophthalmology 107:521–526CrossRefPubMed
31.
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Hayreh SS (2000) Does Levodopa improve visual function in NAION? Ophthalmology 107:1434–1438CrossRefPubMed Hayreh SS (2000) Does Levodopa improve visual function in NAION? Ophthalmology 107:1434–1438CrossRefPubMed
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Hayreh SS, Zimmerman MB (2008) Non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy: role of systemic corticosteroid therapy. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 246:1029–1046CrossRefPubMed Hayreh SS, Zimmerman MB (2008) Non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy: role of systemic corticosteroid therapy. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 246:1029–1046CrossRefPubMed
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Hayreh SS, Zimmerman MB (2007) Optic disc edema in non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 245:1107–1121CrossRefPubMed Hayreh SS, Zimmerman MB (2007) Optic disc edema in non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 245:1107–1121CrossRefPubMed
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Jonas JB, Spandau UH, Harder B, Sauder G (2007) Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide for treatment of acute nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 245:749–750CrossRefPubMed Jonas JB, Spandau UH, Harder B, Sauder G (2007) Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide for treatment of acute nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 245:749–750CrossRefPubMed
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Kaderli B, Avci R, Yucel A, Guler K, Gelisken O (2007) Intravitreal triamcinolone improves recovery of visual acuity in nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. J Neuroophthalmol 27:164–168PubMed Kaderli B, Avci R, Yucel A, Guler K, Gelisken O (2007) Intravitreal triamcinolone improves recovery of visual acuity in nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. J Neuroophthalmol 27:164–168PubMed
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Hayreh SS (2008) Intravitreal triamcinolone for nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. J Neuroophthalmol 28:77–78PubMed Hayreh SS (2008) Intravitreal triamcinolone for nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. J Neuroophthalmol 28:77–78PubMed
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Hayreh SS, Zimmerman B, Kardon RH (2002) Visual improvement with corticosteroid therapy in giant cell arteritis. Report of a large study and review of literature. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 80:355–367CrossRefPubMed Hayreh SS, Zimmerman B, Kardon RH (2002) Visual improvement with corticosteroid therapy in giant cell arteritis. Report of a large study and review of literature. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 80:355–367CrossRefPubMed
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Bennett JL, Thomas S, Olson JL, Mandava N (2007) Treatment of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy with intravitreal bevacizumab. J Neuroophthalmol 27:238–240PubMed Bennett JL, Thomas S, Olson JL, Mandava N (2007) Treatment of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy with intravitreal bevacizumab. J Neuroophthalmol 27:238–240PubMed
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Hosseini H, Razeghinejad MR (2009) Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy after intravitreal injection of bevacizumab. J Neuroophthalmol 29:160–161PubMed Hosseini H, Razeghinejad MR (2009) Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy after intravitreal injection of bevacizumab. J Neuroophthalmol 29:160–161PubMed
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Ganssauge M, Wilhelm H, Bartz-Schmidt K-U, Aisenbrey S (2009) Non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NA-AION) after intravitreal injection of bevacizumab (Avastin®) for treatment of angioid streaks in pseudoxanthoma elasticum. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol [in press] Ganssauge M, Wilhelm H, Bartz-Schmidt K-U, Aisenbrey S (2009) Non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NA-AION) after intravitreal injection of bevacizumab (Avastin®) for treatment of angioid streaks in pseudoxanthoma elasticum. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol [in press]
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Hayreh SS (1981) Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. V. Optic disc edema an early sign. Arch Ophthalmol 99:1030–1040PubMed Hayreh SS (1981) Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. V. Optic disc edema an early sign. Arch Ophthalmol 99:1030–1040PubMed
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Kim JE, Mantravadi AV, Hur EY, Covert DJ (2008) Short-term intraocular pressure changes immediately after intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents. Am J Ophthalmol 146:930–934CrossRefPubMed Kim JE, Mantravadi AV, Hur EY, Covert DJ (2008) Short-term intraocular pressure changes immediately after intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents. Am J Ophthalmol 146:930–934CrossRefPubMed
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Falkenstein IA, Cheng L, Freeman WR (2007) Changes of intraocular pressure after intravitreal injection of bevacizumab (avastin). Retina 27:1044–1047CrossRefPubMed Falkenstein IA, Cheng L, Freeman WR (2007) Changes of intraocular pressure after intravitreal injection of bevacizumab (avastin). Retina 27:1044–1047CrossRefPubMed
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Hollands H, Wong J, Bruen R, Campbell RJ, Sharma S, Gale J (2007) Short-term intraocular pressure changes after intravitreal injection of bevacizumab. Can J Ophthalmol 42:807–811CrossRefPubMed Hollands H, Wong J, Bruen R, Campbell RJ, Sharma S, Gale J (2007) Short-term intraocular pressure changes after intravitreal injection of bevacizumab. Can J Ophthalmol 42:807–811CrossRefPubMed
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Semoun O, Blumen-Ohana E, de Preobrajensky N, Nordmann JP (2009) Glaucome aigu par fermeture de l’angle compliquant une injection intravitréenne de bevacizumab. [Acute angle-closure glaucoma complicating an intravitreal injection of bevacizumab]. J Fr Ophtalmol 32:58PubMed Semoun O, Blumen-Ohana E, de Preobrajensky N, Nordmann JP (2009) Glaucome aigu par fermeture de l’angle compliquant une injection intravitréenne de bevacizumab. [Acute angle-closure glaucoma complicating an intravitreal injection of bevacizumab]. J Fr Ophtalmol 32:58PubMed
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Bakri SJ, McCannel CA, Edwards AO, Moshfeghi DM (2008) Persisent ocular hypertension following intravitreal ranibizumab. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 246:955–958CrossRefPubMed Bakri SJ, McCannel CA, Edwards AO, Moshfeghi DM (2008) Persisent ocular hypertension following intravitreal ranibizumab. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 246:955–958CrossRefPubMed
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Kahook MY, Kimura AE, Wong LJ, Ammar DA, Maycotte MA, Mandava N (2009) Sustained elevation in intraocular pressure associated with intravitreal bevacizumab injections. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 40:293–295CrossRefPubMed Kahook MY, Kimura AE, Wong LJ, Ammar DA, Maycotte MA, Mandava N (2009) Sustained elevation in intraocular pressure associated with intravitreal bevacizumab injections. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 40:293–295CrossRefPubMed
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Jalil A, Fenerty C, Charles S (2007) Intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin) causing acute glaucoma: an unreported complication. Eye 21:1541CrossRefPubMed Jalil A, Fenerty C, Charles S (2007) Intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin) causing acute glaucoma: an unreported complication. Eye 21:1541CrossRefPubMed
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Wu L, Martinez-Castellanos MA, Quiroz-Mercado H, Arevalo JF, Berrocal MH, Farah ME, Maia M, Roca JA, Rodriguez FJ, Pan-American Collaborative Retina Study Group (PACORES) (2008) Twelve-month safety of intravitreal injections of bevacizumab (Avastin): results of the Pan-American Collaborative Retina Study Group (PACORES). Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 246:81–87CrossRefPubMed Wu L, Martinez-Castellanos MA, Quiroz-Mercado H, Arevalo JF, Berrocal MH, Farah ME, Maia M, Roca JA, Rodriguez FJ, Pan-American Collaborative Retina Study Group (PACORES) (2008) Twelve-month safety of intravitreal injections of bevacizumab (Avastin): results of the Pan-American Collaborative Retina Study Group (PACORES). Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 246:81–87CrossRefPubMed
Metadaten
Titel
Management of non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy
verfasst von
Sohan Singh Hayreh
Publikationsdatum
01.12.2009
Verlag
Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in
Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology / Ausgabe 12/2009
Print ISSN: 0721-832X
Elektronische ISSN: 1435-702X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-009-1181-8

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 12/2009

Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology 12/2009 Zur Ausgabe

Neu im Fachgebiet Augenheilkunde

Metastase in der periokulären Region

Metastasen Leitthema

Orbitale und periokuläre metastatische Tumoren galten früher als sehr selten. Aber mit der ständigen Aktualisierung von Medikamenten und Nachweismethoden für die Krebsbehandlung werden neue Chemotherapien und Strahlenbehandlungen eingesetzt. Die …

Staging und Systemtherapie bei okulären und periokulären Metastasen

Metastasen Leitthema

Metastasen bösartiger Erkrankungen sind die häufigsten Tumoren, die im Auge diagnostiziert werden. Sie treten bei ungefähr 5–10 % der Patienten mit soliden Tumoren im Verlauf der Erkrankung auf. Besonders häufig sind diese beim Mammakarzinom und …

CME: Wundheilung nach Trabekulektomie

Trabekulektomie CME-Artikel

Wird ein Glaukom chirurgisch behandelt, ist die anschließende Wundheilung von entscheidender Bedeutung. In diesem CME-Kurs lernen Sie, welche Pathomechanismen der Vernarbung zugrunde liegen, wie perioperativ therapiert und Operationsversagen frühzeitig erkannt werden kann.

„standard operating procedures“ (SOP) – Vorschlag zum therapeutischen Management bei periokulären sowie intraokulären Metastasen

Metastasen Leitthema

Peri- sowie intraokuläre Metastasen sind insgesamt gesehen selten und meist Zeichen einer fortgeschrittenen primären Tumorerkrankung. Die Therapie ist daher zumeist palliativ und selten kurativ. Zudem ist die Therapiefindung sehr individuell. Die …

Update Augenheilkunde

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.