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Erschienen in: Die Urologie 3/2011

01.03.2011 | Leitthema

Markersysteme beim Hodentumor

verfasst von: S. Krege, P. Albers, Prof. Dr. A. Heidenreich

Erschienen in: Die Urologie | Ausgabe 3/2011

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Zusammenfassung

Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP), humanes Choriogonadotropin (HCG) und die Laktatdehydrogenase (LDH) stellen die Tumormarker des testikulären Keimzelltumors (KZT) dar, deren Bestimmung im Rahmen der Primärdiagnostik, des primären Stagings, des therapeutischen Monitorings und der Nachsorge entsprechend der aktuellen Leitlinien erfolgen sollte. Der plazentaren alkalischen Phosphatase sowie der neuronenspezifischen Enolase kommt keine Bedeutung zu.
Metastasierte KZT werden entsprechend der Höhe ihrer Serumkonzentration nach der IGCCCG-Klassifikation in Tumoren mit günstiger, intermediärer und ungünstiger Prognose eingeteilt. Die Risikoklassifikation hat therapeutische Bedeutung und bestimmt die Intensität der systemischen Chemotherapie. In seltenen Fällen können AFP und HCG durch andere, nicht testikuläre Ursachen erhöht sein, die im Rahmen der Differentialdiagnostik berücksichtigt werden müssen. Das Ansprechen auf die Chemotherapie wird mit den Markern AFP und HCG kontrolliert, die jeweils am Tag vor Einleitung des nachfolgenden Zyklus bestimmt werden. Ein Anstieg der Tumormarker während oder unmittelbar nach Ende der Systemtherapie macht aufgrund der ungünstigen Prognose die direkte Einleitung einer Salvagetherapie notwendig. Es bleibt zu berücksichtigen, dass nur ca. 40–50% bzw. 30% der Rezidive unter aktiver Surveillance bzw. nach systemischer Chemotherapie mit einem Markeranstieg vergesellschaftet sind. Markeranstiege machen prinzipiell eine bildgebende Diagnostik notwendig; ca. 10% der Patienten sind bildgebend negativ und werden nach Ausschluss falsch-positiver Ursachen der systemischen Rezidivtherapie zugeführt. Residualtumoren werden bei normalisierten oder plateauartig stabilen Markerkonzentrationen der operativen Resektion zugeführt. Eine Residualtumorresektion bei steigenden Markerkonzentrationen im Sinne der „desperation surgery“ ist nur nach Ausschöpfen aller chemotherapeutischen Optionen, kompletter Resektabilität aller Residuen und fehlendem HCG-Anstieg indiziert. Während der Nachsorgeuntersuchungen sollten die Serumkonzentrationen aller 3 Marker bei fortgeschrittenen KZT bestimmt werden, während keine Tumormarkerkontrolle bei Seminomen im klinischen Stadium I indiziert ist.
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Metadaten
Titel
Markersysteme beim Hodentumor
verfasst von
S. Krege
P. Albers
Prof. Dr. A. Heidenreich
Publikationsdatum
01.03.2011
Verlag
Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in
Die Urologie / Ausgabe 3/2011
Print ISSN: 2731-7064
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7072
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00120-010-2414-5

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