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Erschienen in: Die Ophthalmologie 6/2020

09.12.2019 | Aderhautmelanom | Leitthema

Uveales Melanom

Früherkennung als Schlüssel einer erfolgreichen personalisierten Medizin

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. med. Salvatore Grisanti, Mahdy Ranjbar, Ayseguel Tura, Ludwig M. Heindl, Vinodh Kakkassery

Erschienen in: Die Ophthalmologie | Ausgabe 6/2020

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Die personalisierte Medizin in der onkologischen Betreuung von Patienten ist bestrebt, durch eine individuell angepasste Therapie das bestmögliche Ziel für den Patienten zu erreichen. Dieses Ziel gilt auch für Patienten mit uvealem Melanom (UM).

Fragestellung

Welchen Anspruch und welche Möglichkeiten haben die personalisierte Diagnostik und Therapie beim UM heute und in der Zukunft?

Methoden

Es wird ein Überblick über die aktuelle Diagnostik und Therapie beim UM sowie über einen sich abzeichnenden Paradigmenwechsel und potenzielle therapeutische Neuentwicklungen gegeben.

Ergebnisse

Ist die Diagnose eines UM histologisch gesichert oder anhand klinischer Merkmale sehr wahrscheinlich, so wird die Therapie eingeleitet. Aktuelle Behandlungskonzepte werden primär durch anatomische Merkmale des Primärtumors, durch den Allgemeinzustand und Wünsche des Patienten, sowie durch die Situation des Partnerauges beeinflusst. Die aktuelle Therapie und Kontrolle des Primärtumors sind in der Regel sehr erfolgreich, haben aber wenig Einfluss auf die Entwicklung von Metastasen und die Lebenserwartung. Die Lebenserwartung des Patienten hängt wesentlich vom Zeitpunkt der Diagnose und von der Therapie des UM ab. Die „liquid biopsy“ ist ein neues diagnostisches Instrument und eine Entscheidungshilfe zur invasiveren Diagnostik oder Therapie. Molekularbiologische Techniken ermöglichen eine Risikostratifizierung und bieten eine Entscheidungsgrundlage für neoadjuvante Therapien.

Schlussfolgerung

Aktuell ist die personalisierte Medizin beim UM nahezu auf die Behandlung des Primärtumors beschränkt. Neue diagnostische Möglichkeiten wie die „liquid biopsy“ und molekulargenetische Untersuchungen erweitern unser Verständnis und bieten die Grundlage für eine Präzisionsmedizin in der Entwicklung weiterer personalisierter Therapiekonzepte.
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Metadaten
Titel
Uveales Melanom
Früherkennung als Schlüssel einer erfolgreichen personalisierten Medizin
verfasst von
Prof. Dr. med. Salvatore Grisanti
Mahdy Ranjbar
Ayseguel Tura
Ludwig M. Heindl
Vinodh Kakkassery
Publikationsdatum
09.12.2019
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
Die Ophthalmologie / Ausgabe 6/2020
Print ISSN: 2731-720X
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7218
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00347-019-01001-8

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