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Erschienen in: Der Onkologe 8/2018

21.03.2018 | Stammzell-Transplantation | Leitthema

Therapie des rezidivierten und refraktären multiplen Myeloms

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. M. Engelhardt, G. Graziani, R. Javorniczky, J. Neubauer, M. Köhler, G. W. Herget, R. Wäsch

Erschienen in: Die Onkologie | Ausgabe 8/2018

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Die Rezidivbehandlung beim multiplen Myelom (MM) ist durch Zulassung vieler neuer Substanzen komplexer geworden.

Ziel

Es sollen aktuelle Therapieoptionen für das rezidivierte und refraktäre MM (RRMM) dargestellt werden.

Material und Methoden

Nach aktueller Literaturrecherche internationaler Studien- bzw. Übersichtsartikel werden Antimyelomtherapien beim RRMM beschrieben.

Ergebnisse und Schlussfolgerungen

Aufgrund des deutlich verlängerten Überlebens von MM-Patienten erleiden nahezu alle ein oder mehrere Rezidive während ihres Krankheitsverlaufs. Zahlreiche neue zugelassene Substanzen im Rezidiv sowie zahlreiche Substanzen in klinischen Studien haben die Prognose beim RRMM erheblich verbessert, lassen die Therapiewahl aber auch komplexer ausfallen. Zu berücksichtigen sind hierbei patienten-, krankheits- und therapiespezifische Faktoren. Interdisziplinäre Tumorboards zur Planung eines bestmöglichen therapeutischen Vorgehens sind dabei hilfreich. Zahlreiche neue zugelassene Substanzen, die im Rezidiv auch bei intensiv vorbehandelten Patienten eingesetzt werden, umfassen neue immunmodulatorische Substanzen wie Pomalidomid, neue Proteasomeninhibitoren wie Carfilzomib und Ixazomib, Antikörper wie Daratumumab und Elotuzumab sowie den Histondeacetylase(HDAC)-Inhibitor Panobinostat. Die autologe Stammzelltransplantation (SZT) spielt in der Rezidivsituation bei genügend fitten Patienten ebenfalls eine Rolle, insbesondere, um eine tiefe Remission zu induzieren oder – nach bereits durchgeführter erster SZT und bei mindestens 18 Monaten Remissionsinduktion – um eine länger anhaltende Remission erneut zu erreichen. Neben der Antimyelomtherapie ist auch die Supportivtherapie essenziel und umfasst u. a. die suffiziente Schmerztherapie, die Vermeidung bzw. Behandlung von Osteolysen oder Frakturen und von Infektkomplikationen.
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Metadaten
Titel
Therapie des rezidivierten und refraktären multiplen Myeloms
verfasst von
Prof. Dr. M. Engelhardt
G. Graziani
R. Javorniczky
J. Neubauer
M. Köhler
G. W. Herget
R. Wäsch
Publikationsdatum
21.03.2018
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
Die Onkologie / Ausgabe 8/2018
Print ISSN: 2731-7226
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7234
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00761-018-0360-9

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