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14.07.2018 | Original Article

Muscle health and performance in monozygotic twins with 30 years of discordant exercise habits

verfasst von: Katherine E. Bathgate, James R. Bagley, Edward Jo, Robert J. Talmadge, Irene S. Tobias, Lee E. Brown, Jared W. Coburn, Jose A. Arevalo, Nancy L. Segal, Andrew J. Galpin

Erschienen in: European Journal of Applied Physiology | Ausgabe 10/2018

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Abstract

Introduction

Physical health and function depend upon both genetic inheritance and environmental factors (e.g., exercise training).

Purpose

To enhance the understanding of heritability/adaptability, we explored the skeletal muscle health and physiological performance of monozygotic (MZ) twins with > 30 years of chronic endurance training vs. no specific/consistent exercise.

Methods

One pair of male MZ twins (age = 52 years; Trained Twin, TT; Untrained Twin, UT) underwent analyses of: (1) anthropometric characteristics and blood profiles, (2) markers of cardiovascular and pulmonary health, and (3) skeletal muscle size, strength, and power and molecular markers of muscle health.

Results

This case study represents the most comprehensive physiological comparison of MZ twins with this length and magnitude of differing exercise history. TT exhibited: (1) lower body mass, body fat%, resting heart rate, blood pressure, cholesterol, triglycerides, and plasma glucose, (2) greater relative cycling power, anaerobic endurance, and aerobic capacity (VO₂max), but lower muscle size/strength and poorer muscle quality, (3) more MHC I (slow-twitch) and fewer MHC IIa (fast-twitch) fibers, (4) greater AMPK protein expression, and (5) greater PAX7, IGF1Ec, IGF1Ea, and FN14 mRNA expression than UT.

Conclusions

Several measured differences are the largest reported between MZ twins (TT expressed 55% more MHC I fibers, 12.4 ml/kg/min greater VO₂max, and 8.6% lower body fat% vs. UT). These data collectively (a) support utilizing chronic endurance training to improve body composition and cardiovascular health and (b) suggest the cardiovascular and skeletal muscle systems exhibit greater plasticity than previously thought, further highlighting the importance of studying MZ twins with large (long-term) differences in exposomes.

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Titel: Muscle health and performance in monozygotic twins with 30 years of discordant exercise habits
verfasst von: Katherine E. Bathgate
James R. Bagley
Edward Jo
Robert J. Talmadge
Irene S. Tobias
Lee E. Brown
Jared W. Coburn
Jose A. Arevalo
Nancy L. Segal
Andrew J. Galpin
Publikationsdatum: 14.07.2018
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in: European Journal of Applied Physiology / Ausgabe 10/2018
Print ISSN: 1439-6319
Elektronische ISSN: 1439-6327
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-018-3943-7

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Abstract

Introduction

Purpose

Methods

Results

Conclusions

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