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Erschienen in: Der Nervenarzt 4/2015

01.04.2015 | Leitthema

Neue diagnostische Methoden bei Demenzen

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. J. Wiltfang

Erschienen in: Der Nervenarzt | Ausgabe 4/2015

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Zusammenfassung

Neue diagnostische Methoden, wie die liquorbasierte neurochemische Demenzdiagnostik (CSF-NDD) und die [18F]Amyloid-PET, werden zwischenzeitlich von internationalen diagnostischen Leitlinien bei spezifischer Indikationsstellung für die verbesserte Früh- und Differenzialdiagnostik der multigenetischen (sporadischen) Alzheimer-Demenz (AD) empfohlen. Für die CSF-NDD konnten die nationalen neuropsychiatrischen Leitlinien bereits auf dem S3-Niveau evidenzbasiert validiert werden (http://www.DGPPN.de) und die zusätzliche Aufnahme von [18F]Amyloid-PET in die aktuelle Revision der Leitlinien ist zu erwarten. Mittels CSF-NDD und/oder [18F]Amyloid-PET ist auch eine prädiktive Diagnostik der drohenden AD bei Hochrisikopatienten in Prodromalstadien wie der leichten kognitiven Beeinträchtigung („mild cognitive impairment“, MCI) möglich. Ohne begleitende (sekundär-)präventive Therapie der AD wird der Einsatz einer molekular prädiktiven Demenzdiagnostik von den nationalen neuropsychiatrischen Leitlinien jedoch nicht empfohlen (http://www.DGPPN.de). Diese neuen diagnostischen Ansätze einer molekularen Positivdiagnostik der AD haben allerdings schon jetzt einen hohen Stellenwert innerhalb der klinischen Therapieforschung, da auf diese Weise vielversprechende (sekundär-)präventive Therapieansätze im klinischen Modell überprüft werden können. Zwischenzeitlich zeichnet sich zwar ab, dass zukünftig mittels Multiplex-Assays auch eine blutbasierte molekulare Frühdiagnostik der AD etabliert werden könnte. Entsprechende proteomische oder epigenetische Assays konnten bisher jedoch nicht konsistent von unabhängigen Arbeitsgruppen validiert werden.
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Metadaten
Titel
Neue diagnostische Methoden bei Demenzen
verfasst von
Prof. Dr. J. Wiltfang
Publikationsdatum
01.04.2015
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Der Nervenarzt / Ausgabe 4/2015
Print ISSN: 0028-2804
Elektronische ISSN: 1433-0407
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-014-4177-5

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