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Erschienen in: Der Ophthalmologe 11/2004

01.11.2004 | Einführung zum Thema

Neurodegeneration und Neuroprotektion

Aktueller Forschungsstand

verfasst von: PD Dr. K.-G. Schmidt

Erschienen in: Die Ophthalmologie | Ausgabe 11/2004

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Der Zelluntergang der retinalen Ganglienzellen erfolgt beim primären Offenwinkelglaukom und bei der diabetischen Retinopathie im Gegensatz zur Nekrose (unkontrollierte Zerstörung durch massiven Insult) überwiegend in Form der Apoptose [2, 5, 6, 18, 20, 23, 25, 33, 35, 37, 41, 51, 54, 59] ihm Rahmen eines teils genetisch programmierten (physiologischen) Zelluntergangsmechanismus. In jedem Fall handelt es sich aber um einen klar strukturierten Ablauf (Apoptosekaskade, Schema siehe Abb. 1). Dieser wird durch äußere Faktoren, wie z. B. Hypoxie (Minderperfusion) [30, 39, 40, 42, 43, 44, 45, 47, 48, 49, 50, 57, 58], Einschränkung des retrograden Axoplasmaflusses und damit Behinderung trophischer Faktoren [20, 41], AGEs („Advanced glycation endproducts“ [12, 17, 21, 30, 31, 55]), Bildung freier Radikale [8, 18, 56] und bestimmte (exzitatorische) Aminosäuren (z. B. Glutamat [16]) beeinflusst.
Abb. 1
Versuch der schematischen Darstellung des Untergangs retinaler Zellen am Beispiel des primären Offenwinkelglaukoms. NMDA: N-Methyl-D-Aspartat, AMPA: Amino-3-Hydroxy-5-Methyl-4-Isoxazolpropionsäure
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Metadaten
Titel
Neurodegeneration und Neuroprotektion
Aktueller Forschungsstand
verfasst von
PD Dr. K.-G. Schmidt
Publikationsdatum
01.11.2004
Verlag
Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in
Die Ophthalmologie / Ausgabe 11/2004
Print ISSN: 2731-720X
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7218
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00347-004-1104-3

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