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Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer

Erschienen in:

01.09.2014 | Original Research

New Insights on Non-B non-C Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Mid Delta Region, Egypt

verfasst von: Abdel Raouf Abou El Azm, Mohamed Yousef, Nagwa Mansour, Aymen Awad, Samia El Dardiry, Ibrahim Abdel Aziz

Erschienen in: Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer | Ausgabe 3/2014

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Abstract

Purpose

The rate of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is increasing worldwide, including in Egypt. Hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) viruses are major risks. Non-B non-C HCC was reported in some countries. We investigated non-B non-C HCC-independent risk factors and associated profiles in viral hepatitis endemic region.

Methods

In a consecutive series, 281 patients were diagnosed with HCC and received for management, at Tanta University Hospitals, within the past 3 years. Demographic variables and environmental exposures were recorded by direct application of a modified questionnaire. Sera were tested for HCV (antibodies by ELISA and RNA by RT-PCR) and HBV (HBs Ag by ELISA and HBV DNA). Antinuclear antibody, serum copper, and iron were assessed in non-viral HCC. Liver biopsy was performed for HCC diagnosis and grading and liver tissue in all patients by histopathological and immunohistochemical methods to assess HBV and/or HCV etiology.

Results

Non-B non-C HCC patients were 13.87 % of the total and were associated with multiple risks, predominantly pesticides (100 %, p < 0.001) and super phosphate and ammonium sulfate fertilizers (94.87 %, p < 0.001) with significant exposure in industry, farming, and residence. Their tumors were mainly solitary, smaller sizes, and of lower alpha-fetoprotein titers. The study showed insignificant increase in prevalence of non-B non-C HCC and had special characters. Multivariate analysis showed significance of pesticides and smoking as independent risks for non-B non-C HCC.

Conclusions

Pesticides and smoking heavy exposure can be considered as primary risks for non-B non-C HCC. Phosphate and ammonium sulfate fertilizers were associations. The study will increase awareness for better prevention and management.

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Titel: New Insights on Non-B non-C Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Mid Delta Region, Egypt
verfasst von: Abdel Raouf Abou El Azm
Mohamed Yousef
Nagwa Mansour
Aymen Awad
Samia El Dardiry
Ibrahim Abdel Aziz
Publikationsdatum: 01.09.2014
Verlag: Springer US
Erschienen in: Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer / Ausgabe 3/2014
Print ISSN: 1941-6628
Elektronische ISSN: 1941-6636
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12029-013-9573-8

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New Insights on Non-B non-C Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Mid Delta Region, Egypt