Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Der Urologe 7/2003

01.07.2003 | Leitthema

Nichtinvasive Urindiagnostik des Harnblasenkarzinoms

Was ist gesichert?

verfasst von: I. Kausch, Prof. Dr. A. Böhle

Erschienen in: Die Urologie | Ausgabe 7/2003

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Zusammenfassung

Obwohl das derzeitige Klassifikationssystem von Harnblasenkarzinomen durch Tumorstadium und -differenzierungsgrad nützliche Informationen leistet, kann der natürliche Verlauf der Erkrankung mit oder ohne Therapie nur eingeschränkt prognostiziert werden. Die Zystoskopie und Urinzytologie sind derzeit als "golden standard" in der Diagnostik und Überwachung des Harnblasenkarzinoms anzusehen. Die klassische Urinzytologie ist jedoch zumindest beim G1-Karzinom durch eine relativ niedrige Sensitivität gekennzeichnet und unterliegt einer deutlichen Untersucherabhängigkeit. Durch die Erforschung der molekularbiologischen Grundlagen der Karzinogenese wurde eine Vielzahl potenziell diagnostischer oder prognostischer Marker für das Harnblasenkarzinom beschrieben. In der vorliegenden Übersichtsarbeit wurde die Literatur zu den verschiedenen Tumormarkern des Harnblasenkarzinoms im Hinblick auf deren diagnostische Wertigkeit aktuell und umfassend dargestellt.
Unter der Prämisse, dass die Zystoskopie selbst nie evaluiert wurde, besteht zusammenfassend derzeit kein diagnostischer Marker, der eine vergleichbare Sensitivität und Spezifität wie die Zystoskopie besitzt und diese ersetzen könnte. Unter den diagnostischen Markern scheint der kombinierte Nachweis mehrerer Tumorantigene als Ergänzung zur Zystoskopie am vielversprechendsten zu sein. Zudem wird die zunehmende Vereinfachung der Testsysteme die Akzeptanz des Klinikers weiter erhöhen.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Stein JP, Grossfeld GD, Ginsberg DA et al. (1998) Prognostic markers in bladder cancer: a contemporary review of the literature. J Urol 160: 645–659 Stein JP, Grossfeld GD, Ginsberg DA et al. (1998) Prognostic markers in bladder cancer: a contemporary review of the literature. J Urol 160: 645–659
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Böhle A, Jocham D (1998) Die intravesikale Immuntherapie mit Bacillus Calmette-Guérin. Fakten, Vergleiche, Ergebnisse. Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart Böhle A, Jocham D (1998) Die intravesikale Immuntherapie mit Bacillus Calmette-Guérin. Fakten, Vergleiche, Ergebnisse. Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Herr HW (2000) Tumor progression and survival of patients with high grade, noninvasive papillary (TaG3) bladder tumors: 15-year outcome. J Urol 163: 60–62 Herr HW (2000) Tumor progression and survival of patients with high grade, noninvasive papillary (TaG3) bladder tumors: 15-year outcome. J Urol 163: 60–62
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Pirtskalaishvili G, Konety BR, Getzenberg RH (1999) Update on urine-based markers for bladder cancer. How sensitive and specific are the new noninvasive tests? Postgrad Med 106: 91–94 Pirtskalaishvili G, Konety BR, Getzenberg RH (1999) Update on urine-based markers for bladder cancer. How sensitive and specific are the new noninvasive tests? Postgrad Med 106: 91–94
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Koss LG (1995) Diagnostic cytology of the urinary tract—with histopathologic and clinical correlations. Lippencott-Raven, Philadelphia, USA Koss LG (1995) Diagnostic cytology of the urinary tract—with histopathologic and clinical correlations. Lippencott-Raven, Philadelphia, USA
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Dalbagni G, Reuter VE, Sheinfeld J et al. (1992) Cell surface differentiation antigens of normal urothelium and bladder tumors. Sem Surg Oncol 8: 293–299 Dalbagni G, Reuter VE, Sheinfeld J et al. (1992) Cell surface differentiation antigens of normal urothelium and bladder tumors. Sem Surg Oncol 8: 293–299
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Fradet Y, Cordon-Cardo C (1993) Critical appraisal of tumor markers in bladder cancer. Sem Urol 11: 145–153 Fradet Y, Cordon-Cardo C (1993) Critical appraisal of tumor markers in bladder cancer. Sem Urol 11: 145–153
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Bonner RB, Hemstreet GP, Fradet Y et al. (1993) Bladder cancer risk assessment with quantitative fluorescence image analysis of tumor markers in exfoliated bladder cells. Cancer 72: 2461–2469 Bonner RB, Hemstreet GP, Fradet Y et al. (1993) Bladder cancer risk assessment with quantitative fluorescence image analysis of tumor markers in exfoliated bladder cells. Cancer 72: 2461–2469
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Fradet Y, Tardif M, Bourget L, Robert J (1990) Clinical cancer progression in urinary bladder tumors evaluated by multiparameter flow cytometry with monoclonal antibodies. Laval University Urology Group. Cancer Res 50: 432–437 Fradet Y, Tardif M, Bourget L, Robert J (1990) Clinical cancer progression in urinary bladder tumors evaluated by multiparameter flow cytometry with monoclonal antibodies. Laval University Urology Group. Cancer Res 50: 432–437
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Fradet Y (1998) Phenotypic characterization of bladder cancer. Eur Urol 33 (S4): 5–6 Fradet Y (1998) Phenotypic characterization of bladder cancer. Eur Urol 33 (S4): 5–6
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Bretton P, Cordon-Cardo C, Wartinger D, Kimmel M (1990) Proc Amer Assn Cancer Res 31, 186, abstract Bretton P, Cordon-Cardo C, Wartinger D, Kimmel M (1990) Proc Amer Assn Cancer Res 31, 186, abstract
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Sarosdy MF, Hudson MA, Ellis WJ, Soloway MS (1997) Improved detection of recurrent bladder cancer using the Bard BTA stat Test. Urology 50: 349–353 Sarosdy MF, Hudson MA, Ellis WJ, Soloway MS (1997) Improved detection of recurrent bladder cancer using the Bard BTA stat Test. Urology 50: 349–353
13.
Zurück zum Zitat D'Hallewin MA, Baert L (1996) Initial evaluation of the bladder tumor antigen test in superficial bladder cancer. J Urol 155: 475–476 D'Hallewin MA, Baert L (1996) Initial evaluation of the bladder tumor antigen test in superficial bladder cancer. J Urol 155: 475–476
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Takashi M, Schenck U, Kissel K, Leyh H, Treiber U (1999) Use of diagnostic categories in urinary cytology in comparison with the bladder tumour antigen (BTA) test in bladder cancer patients. Int Urol Nephrol 31: 189–196 Takashi M, Schenck U, Kissel K, Leyh H, Treiber U (1999) Use of diagnostic categories in urinary cytology in comparison with the bladder tumour antigen (BTA) test in bladder cancer patients. Int Urol Nephrol 31: 189–196
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Landman J, Chang Y, Kavaler E, Droller MJ, Liu BC (1998) Sensitivity and specificity of NMP-22, telomerase, and BTA in the detection of human bladder cancer. Urology 52: 398–402 Landman J, Chang Y, Kavaler E, Droller MJ, Liu BC (1998) Sensitivity and specificity of NMP-22, telomerase, and BTA in the detection of human bladder cancer. Urology 52: 398–402
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Murphy WM, Rivera-Ramirez I, Medina CA, Wright NJ, Wajsman Z (1997) The bladder tumor antigen (BTA) test compared to voided urine cytology in the detection of bladder neoplasms. J Urol 158: 2102–2106 Murphy WM, Rivera-Ramirez I, Medina CA, Wright NJ, Wajsman Z (1997) The bladder tumor antigen (BTA) test compared to voided urine cytology in the detection of bladder neoplasms. J Urol 158: 2102–2106
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Ellis WJ, Blumenstein BA, Ishak LM, Enfield DL (1997) Clinical evaluation of the BTA TRAK assay and comparison to voided urine cytology and the Bard BTA test in patients with recurrent bladder tumors. The Multi Center Study Group Urology 50: 882–887 Ellis WJ, Blumenstein BA, Ishak LM, Enfield DL (1997) Clinical evaluation of the BTA TRAK assay and comparison to voided urine cytology and the Bard BTA test in patients with recurrent bladder tumors. The Multi Center Study Group Urology 50: 882–887
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Pode D, Shapiro A, Wald M, Nativ O, Laufer M, Kaver I (1999) Noninvasive detection of bladder cancer with the BTA STAT test. J Urol 161: 443–446 Pode D, Shapiro A, Wald M, Nativ O, Laufer M, Kaver I (1999) Noninvasive detection of bladder cancer with the BTA STAT test. J Urol 161: 443–446
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Ramakumar S, Bhuiyan J, Besse JA et al. (1999). Comparison of screening methods in the detection of bladder cancer. J Urol 161: 388–394 Ramakumar S, Bhuiyan J, Besse JA et al. (1999). Comparison of screening methods in the detection of bladder cancer. J Urol 161: 388–394
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Leyh H, Hall R, Mazemann E (1998) Wertigkeit von BTA-Test und Urinzytologie bei der Diagnostik und Nachsorge des Harnblasenkarzinoms. Akt Urol 29: 57–61 Leyh H, Hall R, Mazemann E (1998) Wertigkeit von BTA-Test und Urinzytologie bei der Diagnostik und Nachsorge des Harnblasenkarzinoms. Akt Urol 29: 57–61
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Nunez C, Martinez-Pineiro L, Madrid FJ et al. (1999) Die Wertigkeit des BTA-Tests zur Erkennung des Blasenkarzinoms. Akt Urol 30: 112–117 Nunez C, Martinez-Pineiro L, Madrid FJ et al. (1999) Die Wertigkeit des BTA-Tests zur Erkennung des Blasenkarzinoms. Akt Urol 30: 112–117
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Mahnert B, Tauber S, Kriegmair M et al. (1999) BTA-TRAK—a useful diagnostic tool in urinary bladder cancer? Anticancer Res 19: 2615–2619 Mahnert B, Tauber S, Kriegmair M et al. (1999) BTA-TRAK—a useful diagnostic tool in urinary bladder cancer? Anticancer Res 19: 2615–2619
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Mian C, Pycha A, Wiener H, Haitel A, Lodde M, Marberger M (1999) Immunocyt: a new tool for detecting transitional cell cancer of the urinary tract. J Urol 161: 1486–1489 Mian C, Pycha A, Wiener H, Haitel A, Lodde M, Marberger M (1999) Immunocyt: a new tool for detecting transitional cell cancer of the urinary tract. J Urol 161: 1486–1489
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Getzenberg RH, Konety BR, Oeler TA et al. (1996) Bladder cancer-associated nuclear matrix proteins. Cancer Res 56: 1690–1694 Getzenberg RH, Konety BR, Oeler TA et al. (1996) Bladder cancer-associated nuclear matrix proteins. Cancer Res 56: 1690–1694
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Wiener, HG, Mian C, Haitel A, Pycha A, Schatzl G, Marberger M (1998) Can urine bound diagnostic tests replace cystoscopy in the management of bladder cancer? J Urol 159: 1876–1880 Wiener, HG, Mian C, Haitel A, Pycha A, Schatzl G, Marberger M (1998) Can urine bound diagnostic tests replace cystoscopy in the management of bladder cancer? J Urol 159: 1876–1880
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Stampfer DS, Carpinito GA, Rodriguez-Villanueva J et al. (1998) Evaluation of NMP22 in the detection of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. J Urol 159: 394–398 Stampfer DS, Carpinito GA, Rodriguez-Villanueva J et al. (1998) Evaluation of NMP22 in the detection of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. J Urol 159: 394–398
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Soloway MS, Briggman V, Carpinito GA et al. (1996) Use of a new tumor marker, urinary NMP22, in the detection of occult or rapidly recurring transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary tract following surgical treatment. J Urol 56: 363–367 Soloway MS, Briggman V, Carpinito GA et al. (1996) Use of a new tumor marker, urinary NMP22, in the detection of occult or rapidly recurring transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary tract following surgical treatment. J Urol 56: 363–367
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Waldner M, Ubrig B, Roth S (1999) Screening und Nachsorge des Urothelkarzinoms—Welchen Stellenwert haben Tumormarker? Urologe B 39: 321–324 Waldner M, Ubrig B, Roth S (1999) Screening und Nachsorge des Urothelkarzinoms—Welchen Stellenwert haben Tumormarker? Urologe B 39: 321–324
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Sanchez-Carbayo M, Herrero E, Megias J, Mira A, Soria F (1999) Comparative sensitivity of urinary CYFRA 21-1, urinary bladder cancer antigen, tissue polypeptide antigen, tissue polypeptide antigen and NMP22 to detect bladder cancer. J Urol 162: 1951–1956 Sanchez-Carbayo M, Herrero E, Megias J, Mira A, Soria F (1999) Comparative sensitivity of urinary CYFRA 21-1, urinary bladder cancer antigen, tissue polypeptide antigen, tissue polypeptide antigen and NMP22 to detect bladder cancer. J Urol 162: 1951–1956
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Zippe C, Pandrangi L, Agarwal A (1999) NMP22 is a sensitive, cost–effective test in patients at risk for bladder cancer. J Urol 161: 62–65 Zippe C, Pandrangi L, Agarwal A (1999) NMP22 is a sensitive, cost–effective test in patients at risk for bladder cancer. J Urol 161: 62–65
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Poulakis V, Witzsch U, Kollias A et al. (1999) Vergleich des NMP22TM- und BTA-statTM-Tests mit der Urinzytologie und Zystoskopie in der Diagnose und Nachsorge des Blasenkarzinoms: Können die NMP22TM- und BTA-statTM-Tests die Zystoskopie ersetzen? Akt Urol 30: 466–475 Poulakis V, Witzsch U, Kollias A et al. (1999) Vergleich des NMP22TM- und BTA-statTM-Tests mit der Urinzytologie und Zystoskopie in der Diagnose und Nachsorge des Blasenkarzinoms: Können die NMP22TM- und BTA-statTM-Tests die Zystoskopie ersetzen? Akt Urol 30: 466–475
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Sheinfeld J, Reuter VE, Melamed MR, Fair WR, Morse M (1990) Enhanced bladder cancer detection with the Lewis X antigen as a marker of neoplastic transformation. J Urol 143: 285–288 Sheinfeld J, Reuter VE, Melamed MR, Fair WR, Morse M (1990) Enhanced bladder cancer detection with the Lewis X antigen as a marker of neoplastic transformation. J Urol 143: 285–288
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Planz B, Striepecke E, Jakse G, Bocking A (1998) Use of Lewis X antigen and deoxyribonucleic acid image cytometry to increase sensitivity of urinary cytology in transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. J Urol 159: 384–388 Planz B, Striepecke E, Jakse G, Bocking A (1998) Use of Lewis X antigen and deoxyribonucleic acid image cytometry to increase sensitivity of urinary cytology in transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. J Urol 159: 384–388
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Golijanin D, Sherman Y, Shapiro A, Pode D (1995) Detection of bladder tumors by immunostaining of the Lewis X antigen in cells from voided urine. Urology 46: 173–177 Golijanin D, Sherman Y, Shapiro A, Pode D (1995) Detection of bladder tumors by immunostaining of the Lewis X antigen in cells from voided urine. Urology 46: 173–177
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Pode D, Golijanin D, Sherman Y, Lebensart P, Shapiro A (1998) Immunostaining of Lewis X in cells from voided urine, cytopathology and ultrasound for noninvasive detection of bladder tumors. J Urol 159: 389–393 Pode D, Golijanin D, Sherman Y, Lebensart P, Shapiro A (1998) Immunostaining of Lewis X in cells from voided urine, cytopathology and ultrasound for noninvasive detection of bladder tumors. J Urol 159: 389–393
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Wajsman Z, Merrin CE, Chu TM, Moore RH, Murphy GP (1975) Evaluation of biological markers in bladder cancer. J Urol 114: 879–893 Wajsman Z, Merrin CE, Chu TM, Moore RH, Murphy GP (1975) Evaluation of biological markers in bladder cancer. J Urol 114: 879–893
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Schmetter BS, Habicht KK, Lamm DL et al. (1997) A multicenter trial evaluation of the fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products test for detection and monitoring of bladder cancer. J Urol 158: 801–805 Schmetter BS, Habicht KK, Lamm DL et al. (1997) A multicenter trial evaluation of the fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products test for detection and monitoring of bladder cancer. J Urol 158: 801–805
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Johnston B, Morales A, Emerson L, Lundie M (1997) Rapid detection of bladder cancer: a comparative study of point of care tests. J Urol 158: 2098–2101 Johnston B, Morales A, Emerson L, Lundie M (1997) Rapid detection of bladder cancer: a comparative study of point of care tests. J Urol 158: 2098–2101
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Kyo S, Kunimi K, Uchibayashi T, Namiki M, Inoue M (1997) Telomerase activity in human urothelial tumors. Am J Clin Pathol 107: 555–560 Kyo S, Kunimi K, Uchibayashi T, Namiki M, Inoue M (1997) Telomerase activity in human urothelial tumors. Am J Clin Pathol 107: 555–560
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Kinoshita H, Ogawa O, Kakehi Y et al. (1997) Detection of telomerase activity in exfoliated cells in urine from patients with bladder cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 89: 724–730 Kinoshita H, Ogawa O, Kakehi Y et al. (1997) Detection of telomerase activity in exfoliated cells in urine from patients with bladder cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 89: 724–730
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Yoshida K, Sugino T, Tahara H et al. (1997) Telomerase activity in bladder carcinoma and its implicatio for noninvasive diagnosis by detection of exfoliated cancer cells in urine. Cancer 79: 362–369 Yoshida K, Sugino T, Tahara H et al. (1997) Telomerase activity in bladder carcinoma and its implicatio for noninvasive diagnosis by detection of exfoliated cancer cells in urine. Cancer 79: 362–369
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Liebert M, Gebhardt D, Wood C et al. (1999) Urothelial differentiation and bladder cancer. Adv Exp Med Biol 462: 437–448 Liebert M, Gebhardt D, Wood C et al. (1999) Urothelial differentiation and bladder cancer. Adv Exp Med Biol 462: 437–448
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Rao JY, Hemstreet GP3, Hurst RE et al. (1993) Alterations in phenotypic biochemical markers in bladder epithelium during tumorigenesis. Proc Nat Acad Sci 90: 8287–8291 Rao JY, Hemstreet GP3, Hurst RE et al. (1993) Alterations in phenotypic biochemical markers in bladder epithelium during tumorigenesis. Proc Nat Acad Sci 90: 8287–8291
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Hemstreet GP, Rao J, Hurst RE et al. (1996) G–actin as a risk factor and modulatable endpoint for cancer chemoprevention trials. J Cell Biochem Suppl 25: 197–204 Hemstreet GP, Rao J, Hurst RE et al. (1996) G–actin as a risk factor and modulatable endpoint for cancer chemoprevention trials. J Cell Biochem Suppl 25: 197–204
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Tanaka M, Mullauer L, Ogiso Y et al. (1995) Gelsolin: a candidate for suppressor of human bladder cancer. Cancer Res 55: 3228–3232 Tanaka M, Mullauer L, Ogiso Y et al. (1995) Gelsolin: a candidate for suppressor of human bladder cancer. Cancer Res 55: 3228–3232
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Southgate J, Harnden P, Trejdosiewicz LK (1999) Cytokeratin expression patterns in normal and malignant urothelium: a review of the biological and diagnostic implications. Histol Histopathol 14: 657–664 Southgate J, Harnden P, Trejdosiewicz LK (1999) Cytokeratin expression patterns in normal and malignant urothelium: a review of the biological and diagnostic implications. Histol Histopathol 14: 657–664
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Moll R, Achtstatter T, Becht E et al. (1988) Cytokeratins in normal and malignant transitional epithelium. Maintenance of expression of urothelial differentiation features in transitional cell carcinomas and bladder carcinoma cell culture lines. Am J Pathol 132: 123–144 Moll R, Achtstatter T, Becht E et al. (1988) Cytokeratins in normal and malignant transitional epithelium. Maintenance of expression of urothelial differentiation features in transitional cell carcinomas and bladder carcinoma cell culture lines. Am J Pathol 132: 123–144
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Moll R, Lowe A, Laufer J, Franke WW (1992) Cytokeratin 20 in human carcinomas. A new histodiagnostic marker detected by monoclonal antibodies. Am J Path 140: 427–447 Moll R, Lowe A, Laufer J, Franke WW (1992) Cytokeratin 20 in human carcinomas. A new histodiagnostic marker detected by monoclonal antibodies. Am J Path 140: 427–447
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Stieber P, Schmeller N, Schambeck C et al. (1996) Clinical relevance of CYFRA 21-1, TPA-IRMA and TPA-LIA-mat in urinary bladder cancer. Anticancer Res 16: 3793–3798 Stieber P, Schmeller N, Schambeck C et al. (1996) Clinical relevance of CYFRA 21-1, TPA-IRMA and TPA-LIA-mat in urinary bladder cancer. Anticancer Res 16: 3793–3798
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Maulard-Durdux C, Toubert ME, Hennequin C, Housset M (1997) Serum tissue polypeptide antigen in bladder cancer as a tumor marker: a prospective study. J Clin Oncol 15: 3446–3450 Maulard-Durdux C, Toubert ME, Hennequin C, Housset M (1997) Serum tissue polypeptide antigen in bladder cancer as a tumor marker: a prospective study. J Clin Oncol 15: 3446–3450
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Yao WJ, Chang CJ, Chan SH et al. (1995) Significance of urinary tissue polypeptide specific antigen (TPS) determination in patients with urothelial carcinoma. Anticancer Res 15: 2819–2823 Yao WJ, Chang CJ, Chan SH et al. (1995) Significance of urinary tissue polypeptide specific antigen (TPS) determination in patients with urothelial carcinoma. Anticancer Res 15: 2819–2823
52.
Zurück zum Zitat Sánchez-Carbayo M, Herrero E, Megias J, Mira A, Soria F (1999) Comparative sensitivity of urinary CYFRA 21-1, urinary bladder cancer antigen, tissue polypeptide antigen, tissue polypeptide antigen and NMP22 to detect bladder cancer. J Urol 162: 1951–1956 Sánchez-Carbayo M, Herrero E, Megias J, Mira A, Soria F (1999) Comparative sensitivity of urinary CYFRA 21-1, urinary bladder cancer antigen, tissue polypeptide antigen, tissue polypeptide antigen and NMP22 to detect bladder cancer. J Urol 162: 1951–1956
53.
Zurück zum Zitat Pariente JL, Bordenave L, Michel P et al. (1997) Initial evaluation of CYFRA 21–1 diagnostic performances and a urinary marker in bladder transitional cell carcinoma. J Urol 158: 338–341 Pariente JL, Bordenave L, Michel P et al. (1997) Initial evaluation of CYFRA 21–1 diagnostic performances and a urinary marker in bladder transitional cell carcinoma. J Urol 158: 338–341
54.
Zurück zum Zitat Giannopoulos A, Manousakas T, Gounari A et al. (2001) Comparative evaluation of the diagnostic performance of the BTA stat test, NMP22 and urinary bladder cancer antigen for primary and recurrent bladder tumors. J Urol 66: 470–475 Giannopoulos A, Manousakas T, Gounari A et al. (2001) Comparative evaluation of the diagnostic performance of the BTA stat test, NMP22 and urinary bladder cancer antigen for primary and recurrent bladder tumors. J Urol 66: 470–475
55.
Zurück zum Zitat Sanchez-Carbayo M, Ciudad J, Urrutia M, Navajo JA, Orfao A (2001) Diagnostic performance of the urinary bladder carcinoma antigen ELISA test and multiparametric DNA/cytokeratin flow cytometry in urine voided samples from patients with bladder carcinoma. Cancer 92: 2811–2819 Sanchez-Carbayo M, Ciudad J, Urrutia M, Navajo JA, Orfao A (2001) Diagnostic performance of the urinary bladder carcinoma antigen ELISA test and multiparametric DNA/cytokeratin flow cytometry in urine voided samples from patients with bladder carcinoma. Cancer 92: 2811–2819
56.
Zurück zum Zitat Mao L, Schoenberg MP, Scicchitano M et al. (1996) Molecular detection of primary bladder cancer by microsatellite analysis. Science 271: 659–662 Mao L, Schoenberg MP, Scicchitano M et al. (1996) Molecular detection of primary bladder cancer by microsatellite analysis. Science 271: 659–662
57.
Zurück zum Zitat Simoneau M, Aboulkassim TO, LaRue H, Rousseau F, Fradet Y (1999) Four tumor suppressor loci on chromosome 9q in bladder cancer: evidence for two novel candidate regions at 9q22.3 and 9q31. Oncogene 18: 157–163 Simoneau M, Aboulkassim TO, LaRue H, Rousseau F, Fradet Y (1999) Four tumor suppressor loci on chromosome 9q in bladder cancer: evidence for two novel candidate regions at 9q22.3 and 9q31. Oncogene 18: 157–163
58.
Zurück zum Zitat Steiner G, Schoenberg MP, Linn JF, Mao L, Sidransky D (1997) Detection of bladder cancer recurrence by microsatellite analysis of urine. Nat Med 3: 621–624 Steiner G, Schoenberg MP, Linn JF, Mao L, Sidransky D (1997) Detection of bladder cancer recurrence by microsatellite analysis of urine. Nat Med 3: 621–624
59.
Zurück zum Zitat Linn JF, Lango M, Halachmi S, Schoenberg MP, Sidransky D (1997) Microsatellite analysis and telomerase activity in archived tissue and urine samples of bladder cancer patients. Int J Cancer 74: 625–629 Linn JF, Lango M, Halachmi S, Schoenberg MP, Sidransky D (1997) Microsatellite analysis and telomerase activity in archived tissue and urine samples of bladder cancer patients. Int J Cancer 74: 625–629
60.
Zurück zum Zitat Mourah S, Cussenot O, Vimont V et al. (1998) Assessment of microsatellite instability in urine in the detection of transitional-cell carcinoma of the bladder. Int J Cancer 79: 629–633 Mourah S, Cussenot O, Vimont V et al. (1998) Assessment of microsatellite instability in urine in the detection of transitional-cell carcinoma of the bladder. Int J Cancer 79: 629–633
61.
Zurück zum Zitat Van Rhijn BW, Lurkin I, Kirkels WJ, van der Kwast TH, Zwarthoff EC (2001) Microsatellite analysis-DNA test in urine competes with cystoscopy in follow-up of superficial bladder carcinoma: a phase II trial. Cancer 92: 768–775 Van Rhijn BW, Lurkin I, Kirkels WJ, van der Kwast TH, Zwarthoff EC (2001) Microsatellite analysis-DNA test in urine competes with cystoscopy in follow-up of superficial bladder carcinoma: a phase II trial. Cancer 92: 768–775
62.
Zurück zum Zitat Von Knobloch R, Hegele A, Brandt H et al. (2001) Serum DNA and urine DNA alterations of urinary transitional cell bladder carcinoma detected by fluorescent microsatellite analysis. Int J Cancer 94: 67–72 Von Knobloch R, Hegele A, Brandt H et al. (2001) Serum DNA and urine DNA alterations of urinary transitional cell bladder carcinoma detected by fluorescent microsatellite analysis. Int J Cancer 94: 67–72
63.
Zurück zum Zitat Schneider A, Borgnat S, Lang H et al. (2000) Evaluation of microsatellite analysis in urine sediment for diagnosis of bladder cancer. Cancer Res 60: 4617–4622 Schneider A, Borgnat S, Lang H et al. (2000) Evaluation of microsatellite analysis in urine sediment for diagnosis of bladder cancer. Cancer Res 60: 4617–4622
64.
Zurück zum Zitat Koss LG (1969) The asymmetric unit membranes of the epithelium of the urinary bladder of the rat. An electron microscopic study of a mechanism of epithelial maturation and function. Lab Invest 21: 154–168 Koss LG (1969) The asymmetric unit membranes of the epithelium of the urinary bladder of the rat. An electron microscopic study of a mechanism of epithelial maturation and function. Lab Invest 21: 154–168
65.
Zurück zum Zitat Wu XR, Manabe M, Yu J, Sun TT (1990) Large scale purification and immunolocalization of bovine uroplakins I, II and III. Molecular markers of urothelial differentiation. J Biol Chem 265: 19170–19179 Wu XR, Manabe M, Yu J, Sun TT (1990) Large scale purification and immunolocalization of bovine uroplakins I, II and III. Molecular markers of urothelial differentiation. J Biol Chem 265: 19170–19179
66.
Zurück zum Zitat Moll R, Wu XR, Lin JH, Sun TT (1995) Uroplakins, specific membrane proteins of urothelial umbrella cells, as histological markers of metastatic transitional cell carcinomas. Am J Path 147: 1383–1397 Moll R, Wu XR, Lin JH, Sun TT (1995) Uroplakins, specific membrane proteins of urothelial umbrella cells, as histological markers of metastatic transitional cell carcinomas. Am J Path 147: 1383–1397
67.
Zurück zum Zitat Miyake H, Okamoto I, Hara I et al. (1998) Highly specific and sensitive detection of malignancy in urine samples from patients with urothelial cancer by CD44v8–10/CD44v10 competitive RT–PCR. Int J Cancer 79: 560–564 Miyake H, Okamoto I, Hara I et al. (1998) Highly specific and sensitive detection of malignancy in urine samples from patients with urothelial cancer by CD44v8–10/CD44v10 competitive RT–PCR. Int J Cancer 79: 560–564
68.
Zurück zum Zitat Miyake H, Hara I, Gohji K et al. (1998) Urinary cytology and competitive reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis of a specific CD44 variant to detect and monitor bladder cancer. J Urol 160: 2004–2008 Miyake H, Hara I, Gohji K et al. (1998) Urinary cytology and competitive reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis of a specific CD44 variant to detect and monitor bladder cancer. J Urol 160: 2004–2008
69.
Zurück zum Zitat Matsumura Y, Hanbury D, Smith J, Tarin D (1994) Non-invasive detection of malignancy by identification of unusual CD44 gene activity in exfoliated cancer cells. BMJ 308: 619–624 Matsumura Y, Hanbury D, Smith J, Tarin D (1994) Non-invasive detection of malignancy by identification of unusual CD44 gene activity in exfoliated cancer cells. BMJ 308: 619–624
70.
Zurück zum Zitat Lokeshwar VB, Obek C, Soloway MS, Block NL (1997) Tumor-associated hyaluronic acid: a new sensitive and specific urine marker for bladder cancer. Cancer Res 57: 773–777 Lokeshwar VB, Obek C, Soloway MS, Block NL (1997) Tumor-associated hyaluronic acid: a new sensitive and specific urine marker for bladder cancer. Cancer Res 57: 773–777
71.
Zurück zum Zitat Pham HT, Block NL, Lokeshwar VB (1997) Tumor-derived hyaluronidase: a diagnostic urine marker for high-grade bladder cancer. Cancer Res 57: 778–783 Pham HT, Block NL, Lokeshwar VB (1997) Tumor-derived hyaluronidase: a diagnostic urine marker for high-grade bladder cancer. Cancer Res 57: 778–783
72.
Zurück zum Zitat van der Poehl HG, van Balken MR, Schamhart DH et al. (1998) Bladder wash cytology, quantitative cytology and the quantitative BTA test in patients with superficial bladder cancer. Urology 51: 44–50 van der Poehl HG, van Balken MR, Schamhart DH et al. (1998) Bladder wash cytology, quantitative cytology and the quantitative BTA test in patients with superficial bladder cancer. Urology 51: 44–50
73.
Zurück zum Zitat Thomas L, Leyh H, Marberger M et al. (1999) Multicenter trial of the quantitative BTA TRAK assay in the detection of bladder cancer. Clin Chem 45: 472–477 Thomas L, Leyh H, Marberger M et al. (1999) Multicenter trial of the quantitative BTA TRAK assay in the detection of bladder cancer. Clin Chem 45: 472–477
74.
Zurück zum Zitat Abbate I, D'Introno A, Cardo G et al. (1998) Comparison of nuclear matrix protein 22 and bladder tumor antigen in urine of patients with bladder cancer. Anticancer Res 18: 3803–3805 Abbate I, D'Introno A, Cardo G et al. (1998) Comparison of nuclear matrix protein 22 and bladder tumor antigen in urine of patients with bladder cancer. Anticancer Res 18: 3803–3805
75.
Zurück zum Zitat Miyanaga N, Akaza H, Ishikawa S et al. (1997) Clinical evaluation of nuclear matrix protein 22 (NMP22) in urine as a novel marker for urothelial cancer. Eur Urol 31: 163–168 Miyanaga N, Akaza H, Ishikawa S et al. (1997) Clinical evaluation of nuclear matrix protein 22 (NMP22) in urine as a novel marker for urothelial cancer. Eur Urol 31: 163–168
76.
Zurück zum Zitat Sánchez-Carbayo M, Espasa A, Chinchilla V et al. (1999) New electrochemiluminescent immunoassay for the determination of CYFRA 21-1: analytical evaluation and clinical diagnostic performance in urine samples of patients with bladder cancer. Clin Chem 45: 1944–1953 Sánchez-Carbayo M, Espasa A, Chinchilla V et al. (1999) New electrochemiluminescent immunoassay for the determination of CYFRA 21-1: analytical evaluation and clinical diagnostic performance in urine samples of patients with bladder cancer. Clin Chem 45: 1944–1953
Metadaten
Titel
Nichtinvasive Urindiagnostik des Harnblasenkarzinoms
Was ist gesichert?
verfasst von
I. Kausch
Prof. Dr. A. Böhle
Publikationsdatum
01.07.2003
Verlag
Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in
Die Urologie / Ausgabe 7/2003
Print ISSN: 2731-7064
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7072
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00120-003-0307-6

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 7/2003

Der Urologe 7/2003 Zur Ausgabe

Adjuvante Immuntherapie verlängert Leben bei RCC

25.04.2024 Nierenkarzinom Nachrichten

Nun gibt es auch Resultate zum Gesamtüberleben: Eine adjuvante Pembrolizumab-Therapie konnte in einer Phase-3-Studie das Leben von Menschen mit Nierenzellkarzinom deutlich verlängern. Die Sterberate war im Vergleich zu Placebo um 38% geringer.

Bei Senioren mit Prostatakarzinom auf Anämie achten!

24.04.2024 DGIM 2024 Nachrichten

Patienten, die zur Behandlung ihres Prostatakarzinoms eine Androgendeprivationstherapie erhalten, entwickeln nicht selten eine Anämie. Wer ältere Patienten internistisch mitbetreut, sollte auf diese Nebenwirkung achten.

Stufenschema weist Prostatakarzinom zuverlässig nach

22.04.2024 Prostatakarzinom Nachrichten

Erst PSA-Test, dann Kallikrein-Score, schließlich MRT und Biopsie – ein vierstufiges Screening-Schema kann die Zahl der unnötigen Prostatabiopsien erheblich reduzieren: Die Hälfte der Männer, die in einer finnischen Studie eine Biopsie benötigten, hatte einen hochgradigen Tumor.

Harnwegsinfektprophylaxe: Es geht auch ohne Antibiotika

20.04.2024 EAU 2024 Kongressbericht

Beim chronischen Harnwegsinfekt bei Frauen wird bisher meist eine Antibiotikaprophylaxe eingesetzt. Angesichts der zunehmenden Antibiotikaresistenz erweist sich das Antiseptikum Methenamin-Hippurat als vielversprechende Alternative, so die Auswertung einer randomisierten kontrollierten Studie.

Update Urologie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.