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Erschienen in: HNO 7/2016

10.02.2016 | Oropharynxkarzinom | Leitthema

Humane Papillomviren bei Plattenepithelkarzinomen der Kopf- und Halsregion

Relevanz für Prognose, Therapie und Prophylaxe

verfasst von: Dr. med. M. Reuschenbach, S. Wagner, N. Würdemann, S. J. Sharma, E.‑S. Prigge, M. Sauer, A. Wittig, C. Wittekindt, M. von Knebel Doeberitz, J. P. Klussmann

Erschienen in: HNO | Ausgabe 7/2016

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Zusammenfassung

Humane Papillomviren (HPV) verursachen bereits etwa die Hälfte aller Oropharynxkarzinome („oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma“, OPSCC) und die Neuerkrankungsrate HPV-assoziierter OPSCC steigt weiter stark an. Die virale Ursache ermöglicht die Entwicklung spezifischer diagnostischer, therapeutischer und prophylaktischer Verfahren. Die labortechnische Identifizierung eines HPV-assoziierten OPSCC kann durch die p16INK4a-Immunhistologie kombiniert mit einem HPV-DNA-Nachweis mittels Polymerasekettenreaktion (PCR) aus Tumorgewebe erfolgen. Patienten mit HPV-assoziierten OPSCC haben eine relativ gute Prognose, daher spielt die Feststellung der HPV-Assoziation in der Patientenberatung eine wichtige Rolle. Aufgrund der relativ günstigen Prognose wird in laufenden Studien geprüft, ob mit einer weniger intensiven Therapie für HPV-positive Patienten gleiche Heilungsraten erreicht werden können. Die Kriterien für eine Selektion geeigneter Patienten sind allerdings noch unklar. Insbesondere fehlen bisher Marker zur Erkennung HPV-positiver Patienten mit hohem Risiko für Therapieversagen. Neben dem Tumorstadium und der Komorbidität sind bei HPV-assoziierten OSPCC bestimmte genomische, epigenetische und immunologische Veränderungen prognostisch relevant und könnten einen prädiktiven Nutzen haben. Die charakteristischen Veränderungen auf molekularer Ebene lassen zudem neue schonendere und spezifischere Therapieansätze möglich erscheinen. Hierzu gehören Inhibitoren des bei HPV-assoziierten OPSCC häufig aktivierten Phosphatidylinositol-3-Kinase(PI3K)-Signalwegs sowie immuntherapeutische Verfahren, z. B. die therapeutische Impfung. Obwohl die prophylaktische HPV-Impfung auch die Entstehung HPV-assoziierter OPSCC verhindern kann, wird der Effekt auf die Inzidenz von OPSCC mit den in Deutschland niedrigen Impfraten in absehbarer Zeit gering sein. Dies verdeutlicht, dass interdisziplinäre Forschungsnetzwerke die notwendige Aktivität zu HPV-assoziierten OPSCC verstärkt sicherstellen sollten.
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Metadaten
Titel
Humane Papillomviren bei Plattenepithelkarzinomen der Kopf- und Halsregion
Relevanz für Prognose, Therapie und Prophylaxe
verfasst von
Dr. med. M. Reuschenbach
S. Wagner
N. Würdemann
S. J. Sharma
E.‑S. Prigge
M. Sauer
A. Wittig
C. Wittekindt
M. von Knebel Doeberitz
J. P. Klussmann
Publikationsdatum
10.02.2016
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
HNO / Ausgabe 7/2016
Print ISSN: 0017-6192
Elektronische ISSN: 1433-0458
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00106-016-0123-0

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