Panendoscopy and synchronous second primary tumors in head and neck cancer patients

Endoscopy techniques are used to diagnose and to determine the extent and exact location of malignancies in the head and neck region, bronchial tree and esophagus. Panendoscopy is used to find the primary tumor in the case of metastatic disease from unknown primaries or to detect a simultaneous second primary tumor at the time of diagnosis of a malignancy in the upper aerodigestive tract (UADT). The value of panendoscopy has been debated lately because of the relatively small proportion of malignant findings and because of the lack of convincing data concerning its effect on survival rates. However, despite the relatively low proportion of positive findings, their significance is often crucial for the individual patient. The significant number of late metachronous, second primaries, especially in the lungs, also emphasizes the importance of follow-up endoscopies. This study consists of 203 consecutive patients with squamous cell cancer (SCC) of the upper aerodigestive tract who underwent panendoscopy in Turku University Central Hospital as part of the initial diagnostic workup from 1992–1999. Eight patients with synchronous second primaries were found to represent a prevalence of 3.9%, and in addition, 19 patients with metachronous tumors were diagnosed. In the case reports we illustrate the importance of some of these findings.