Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Arthroskopie 3/2019

08.04.2019 | Magnetresonanztomografie | Leitthema

Präoperative Patientenevaluation

Bildgebung, Indikationen und Limitationen zur knorpelregenerativen Therapie

verfasst von: PD Dr. med. Pia M. Jungmann, MD

Erschienen in: Arthroskopie | Ausgabe 3/2019

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Zusammenfassung

Die Bildgebung spielt eine essenzielle Rolle bei der Diagnostik von chondralen und osteochondralen Läsionen sowie im Rahmen der Indikationsstellung zur knorpelregenerativen Therapie. Symptomatische, lokalisierte, scharf umschriebene chondrale oder osteochondrale Läsionen (International Cartilage Repair Society [ICRS] Grad 3 oder 4) können eine Indikation zur knorpelregenerativen Therapie darstellen. Neben dem konventionellen Röntgen ist für die Beurteilung des Kniegelenks eine native Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT) meist ausreichend. Zur Beurteilung einer Dissekatlösung sowie für kleinere Gelenke wie das Sprunggelenk oder das Ellenbogengelenk kann eine CT-Arthrographie (CTA) oder MR-Arthrographie (MRA) indiziert sein. Neben der Beurteilung und Klassifikation des Knorpeldefekts ist auch eine Beurteilung des subchondralen Knochens unabkömmlich, da dieser im Rahmen osteochondraler Läsionen beteiligt sein kann und die Therapie möglicherweise angepasst werden muss. Neben den Patientencharakteristika wie Alter, Body-Mass-Index (BMI) und Aktivitätsniveau spielt die Bildgebung eine entscheidende Rolle bei der Entscheidung für die spezifische Technik der Knorpelchirurgie. Auch Begleitpathologien können in der Bildgebung erkannt werden, die entweder eine Kontraindikation für eine knorpelregenerative Therapie darstellen können (wie fortgeschrittene Arthrose) oder eine zusätzliche Therapie verlangen (wie z. B. Korrektur von Achsfehlstellungen, Bandrekonstruktionen etc.). Es wurde gezeigt, dass die Knorpelchirurgie eine klinische Verbesserung gegenüber präoperativen Befunden erreicht, und es gibt Hinweise darauf, dass sie die Progression zu einer Arthrose verzögern kann. Die Knorpelchirurgie weist jedoch auch Grenzen und Limitationen auf, die bei der Indikationsstellung beachtet werden müssen.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Barr C, Bauer JS, Malfair D et al (2007) MR imaging of the ankle at 3 T and 1.5 T: protocol optimization and application to cartilage, ligament and tendon pathology in cadaver specimens. Eur Radiol 17:1518–1528CrossRef Barr C, Bauer JS, Malfair D et al (2007) MR imaging of the ankle at 3 T and 1.5 T: protocol optimization and application to cartilage, ligament and tendon pathology in cadaver specimens. Eur Radiol 17:1518–1528CrossRef
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Baum T, Joseph GB, Karampinos DC et al (2013) Cartilage and meniscal T2 relaxation time as non-invasive biomarker for knee osteoarthritis and cartilage repair procedures. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 21:1474–1484CrossRef Baum T, Joseph GB, Karampinos DC et al (2013) Cartilage and meniscal T2 relaxation time as non-invasive biomarker for knee osteoarthritis and cartilage repair procedures. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 21:1474–1484CrossRef
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Boks SS, Vroegindeweij D, Koes BW et al (2007) MRI follow-up of posttraumatic bone bruises of the knee in general practice. AJR Am J Roentgenol 189:556–562CrossRef Boks SS, Vroegindeweij D, Koes BW et al (2007) MRI follow-up of posttraumatic bone bruises of the knee in general practice. AJR Am J Roentgenol 189:556–562CrossRef
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Bolbos RI, Link TM, Ma CB et al (2009) T1rho relaxation time of the meniscus and its relationship with T1rho of adjacent cartilage in knees with acute ACL injuries at 3 T. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 17:12–18CrossRef Bolbos RI, Link TM, Ma CB et al (2009) T1rho relaxation time of the meniscus and its relationship with T1rho of adjacent cartilage in knees with acute ACL injuries at 3 T. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 17:12–18CrossRef
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Burstein D, Gray M, Mosher T et al (2009) Measures of molecular composition and structure in osteoarthritis. Radiol Clin North Am 47:675–686CrossRef Burstein D, Gray M, Mosher T et al (2009) Measures of molecular composition and structure in osteoarthritis. Radiol Clin North Am 47:675–686CrossRef
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Crema MD, Roemer FW, Zhu Y et al (2010) Subchondral cystlike lesions develop longitudinally in areas of bone marrow edema-like lesions in patients with or at risk for knee osteoarthritis: detection with MR imaging—the MOST study. Radiology 256:855–862CrossRef Crema MD, Roemer FW, Zhu Y et al (2010) Subchondral cystlike lesions develop longitudinally in areas of bone marrow edema-like lesions in patients with or at risk for knee osteoarthritis: detection with MR imaging—the MOST study. Radiology 256:855–862CrossRef
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Dell’accio F, Vincent TL (2010) Joint surface defects: clinical course and cellular response in spontaneous and experimental lesions. Eur Cell Mater 20:210–217CrossRef Dell’accio F, Vincent TL (2010) Joint surface defects: clinical course and cellular response in spontaneous and experimental lesions. Eur Cell Mater 20:210–217CrossRef
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Dietrich TJ, Fucentese SF, Pfirrmann CW (2016) Imaging of individual anatomical risk factors for patellar instability. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol 20:65–73CrossRef Dietrich TJ, Fucentese SF, Pfirrmann CW (2016) Imaging of individual anatomical risk factors for patellar instability. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol 20:65–73CrossRef
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Felson DT, Niu J, Guermazi A et al (2007) Correlation of the development of knee pain with enlarging bone marrow lesions on magnetic resonance imaging. Arthritis Rheum 56:2986–2992CrossRef Felson DT, Niu J, Guermazi A et al (2007) Correlation of the development of knee pain with enlarging bone marrow lesions on magnetic resonance imaging. Arthritis Rheum 56:2986–2992CrossRef
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Filardo G, Andriolo L, Sessa A et al (2017) Age is not a contraindication for cartilage surgery: a critical analysis of standardized outcomes at long-term follow-up. Am J Sports Med 45:1822–1828CrossRef Filardo G, Andriolo L, Sessa A et al (2017) Age is not a contraindication for cartilage surgery: a critical analysis of standardized outcomes at long-term follow-up. Am J Sports Med 45:1822–1828CrossRef
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Forney M, Subhas N, Donley B et al (2011) MR imaging of the articular cartilage of the knee and ankle. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 19:379–405CrossRef Forney M, Subhas N, Donley B et al (2011) MR imaging of the articular cartilage of the knee and ankle. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 19:379–405CrossRef
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Fritz J, Janssen P, Gaissmaier C et al (2008) Articular cartilage defects in the knee—basics, therapies and results. Injury 39(Suppl 1):S50–S57CrossRef Fritz J, Janssen P, Gaissmaier C et al (2008) Articular cartilage defects in the knee—basics, therapies and results. Injury 39(Suppl 1):S50–S57CrossRef
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Gersing AS, Schwaiger BJ, Wortler K et al (2018) Advanced cartilage imaging for detection of cartilage injuries and osteochondral lesions. Radiologe 58:422–432CrossRef Gersing AS, Schwaiger BJ, Wortler K et al (2018) Advanced cartilage imaging for detection of cartilage injuries and osteochondral lesions. Radiologe 58:422–432CrossRef
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Gomoll AH, Madry H, Knutsen G et al (2010) The subchondral bone in articular cartilage repair: current problems in the surgical management. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 18:434–447CrossRef Gomoll AH, Madry H, Knutsen G et al (2010) The subchondral bone in articular cartilage repair: current problems in the surgical management. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 18:434–447CrossRef
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Gupta R, Virayavanich W, Kuo D et al (2014) MR T(1)rho quantification of cartilage focal lesions in acutely injured knees: correlation with arthroscopic evaluation. Magn Reson Imaging 32:1290–1296CrossRef Gupta R, Virayavanich W, Kuo D et al (2014) MR T(1)rho quantification of cartilage focal lesions in acutely injured knees: correlation with arthroscopic evaluation. Magn Reson Imaging 32:1290–1296CrossRef
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Jungmann PM, Agten CA, Pfirrmann CW et al (2017) Advances in MRI around metal. J Magn Reson Imaging 46:972–991CrossRef Jungmann PM, Agten CA, Pfirrmann CW et al (2017) Advances in MRI around metal. J Magn Reson Imaging 46:972–991CrossRef
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Jungmann PM, Baum T, Bauer JS et al (2014) Cartilage repair surgery: outcome evaluation by using noninvasive cartilage biomarkers based on quantitative MRI techniques? Biomed Res Int 2014:840170CrossRef Jungmann PM, Baum T, Bauer JS et al (2014) Cartilage repair surgery: outcome evaluation by using noninvasive cartilage biomarkers based on quantitative MRI techniques? Biomed Res Int 2014:840170CrossRef
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Jungmann PM, Baum T, Schaeffeler C et al (2015) 3.0T MR imaging of the ankle: axial traction for morphological cartilage evaluation, quantitative T2 mapping and cartilage diffusion imaging-A preliminary study. Eur J Radiol 84:1546–1554CrossRef Jungmann PM, Baum T, Schaeffeler C et al (2015) 3.0T MR imaging of the ankle: axial traction for morphological cartilage evaluation, quantitative T2 mapping and cartilage diffusion imaging-A preliminary study. Eur J Radiol 84:1546–1554CrossRef
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Jungmann PM, Kraus MS, Nardo L et al (2013) T(2) relaxation time measurements are limited in monitoring progression, once advanced cartilage defects at the knee occur: longitudinal data from the osteoarthritis initiative. J Magn Reson Imaging 38:1415–1424CrossRef Jungmann PM, Kraus MS, Nardo L et al (2013) T(2) relaxation time measurements are limited in monitoring progression, once advanced cartilage defects at the knee occur: longitudinal data from the osteoarthritis initiative. J Magn Reson Imaging 38:1415–1424CrossRef
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Jungmann PM, Li X, Nardo L et al (2012) Do cartilage repair procedures prevent degenerative meniscus changes?: longitudinal t1rho and morphological evaluation with 3.0-T MRI. Am J Sports Med 40:2700–2708CrossRef Jungmann PM, Li X, Nardo L et al (2012) Do cartilage repair procedures prevent degenerative meniscus changes?: longitudinal t1rho and morphological evaluation with 3.0-T MRI. Am J Sports Med 40:2700–2708CrossRef
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Jungmann PM, Liu F, Link TM (2014) What has imaging contributed to the epidemiological understanding of osteoarthritis? Skeletal Radiol 43:271–275CrossRef Jungmann PM, Liu F, Link TM (2014) What has imaging contributed to the epidemiological understanding of osteoarthritis? Skeletal Radiol 43:271–275CrossRef
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Jungmann PM, Welsch GH, Brittberg M et al (2017) Magnetic resonance imaging score and classification system (AMADEUS) for assessment of preoperative cartilage defect severity. Cartilage 8:272–282CrossRef Jungmann PM, Welsch GH, Brittberg M et al (2017) Magnetic resonance imaging score and classification system (AMADEUS) for assessment of preoperative cartilage defect severity. Cartilage 8:272–282CrossRef
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Kendell SD, Helms CA, Rampton JW et al (2005) MRI appearance of chondral delamination injuries of the knee. AJR Am J Roentgenol 184:1486–1489CrossRef Kendell SD, Helms CA, Rampton JW et al (2005) MRI appearance of chondral delamination injuries of the knee. AJR Am J Roentgenol 184:1486–1489CrossRef
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Kijowski R, Davis KW, Woods MA et al (2009) Knee joint: comprehensive assessment with 3D isotropic resolution fast spin-echo MR imaging—diagnostic performance compared with that of conventional MR imaging at 3.0 T. Radiology 252:486–495CrossRef Kijowski R, Davis KW, Woods MA et al (2009) Knee joint: comprehensive assessment with 3D isotropic resolution fast spin-echo MR imaging—diagnostic performance compared with that of conventional MR imaging at 3.0 T. Radiology 252:486–495CrossRef
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Kirschke JS, Braun S, Baum T et al (2016) Diagnostic value of CT arthrography for evaluation of Osteochondral lesions at the ankle. Biomed Res Int 2016:3594253CrossRef Kirschke JS, Braun S, Baum T et al (2016) Diagnostic value of CT arthrography for evaluation of Osteochondral lesions at the ankle. Biomed Res Int 2016:3594253CrossRef
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Levy AS, Lohnes J, Sculley S et al (1996) Chondral delamination of the knee in soccer players. Am J Sports Med 24:634–639CrossRef Levy AS, Lohnes J, Sculley S et al (1996) Chondral delamination of the knee in soccer players. Am J Sports Med 24:634–639CrossRef
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Link TM, Steinbach LS, Ghosh S et al (2003) Osteoarthritis: MR imaging findings in different stages of disease and correlation with clinical findings. Radiology 226:373–381CrossRef Link TM, Steinbach LS, Ghosh S et al (2003) Osteoarthritis: MR imaging findings in different stages of disease and correlation with clinical findings. Radiology 226:373–381CrossRef
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Niemeyer P, Albrecht D, Andereya S et al (2016) Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) for cartilage defects of the knee: a guideline by the working group “clinical tissue regeneration” of the German society of orthopaedics and trauma (DGOU). Knee 23:426–435CrossRef Niemeyer P, Albrecht D, Andereya S et al (2016) Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) for cartilage defects of the knee: a guideline by the working group “clinical tissue regeneration” of the German society of orthopaedics and trauma (DGOU). Knee 23:426–435CrossRef
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Niemeyer P, Andereya S, Angele P et al (2013) Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) for cartilage defects of the knee: a guideline by the working group “Tissue Regeneration” of the German Society of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology (DGOU). Z Orthop Unfall 151:38–47PubMed Niemeyer P, Andereya S, Angele P et al (2013) Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) for cartilage defects of the knee: a guideline by the working group “Tissue Regeneration” of the German Society of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology (DGOU). Z Orthop Unfall 151:38–47PubMed
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Niemeyer P, Kostler W, Salzmann GM et al (2010) Autologous chondrocyte implantation for treatment of focal cartilage defects in patients age 40 years and older: A matched-pair analysis with 2‑year follow-up. Am J Sports Med 38:2410–2416CrossRef Niemeyer P, Kostler W, Salzmann GM et al (2010) Autologous chondrocyte implantation for treatment of focal cartilage defects in patients age 40 years and older: A matched-pair analysis with 2‑year follow-up. Am J Sports Med 38:2410–2416CrossRef
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Notohamiprodjo M, Kuschel B, Horng A et al (2012) 3D-MRI of the ankle with optimized 3D-SPACE. Invest Radiol 47:231–239CrossRef Notohamiprodjo M, Kuschel B, Horng A et al (2012) 3D-MRI of the ankle with optimized 3D-SPACE. Invest Radiol 47:231–239CrossRef
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Ochs BG, Muller-Horvat C, Albrecht D et al (2011) Remodeling of articular cartilage and subchondral bone after bone grafting and matrix-associated autologous chondrocyte implantation for osteochondritis dissecans of the knee. Am J Sports Med 39:764–773CrossRef Ochs BG, Muller-Horvat C, Albrecht D et al (2011) Remodeling of articular cartilage and subchondral bone after bone grafting and matrix-associated autologous chondrocyte implantation for osteochondritis dissecans of the knee. Am J Sports Med 39:764–773CrossRef
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Orr JD, Sabesan V, Major N et al (2010) Painful bone marrow edema syndrome of the foot and ankle. Foot Ankle Int 31:949–953CrossRef Orr JD, Sabesan V, Major N et al (2010) Painful bone marrow edema syndrome of the foot and ankle. Foot Ankle Int 31:949–953CrossRef
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Palmer WE, Levine SM, Dupuy DE (1997) Knee and shoulder fractures: association of fracture detection and marrow edema on MR images with mechanism of injury. Radiology 204:395–401CrossRef Palmer WE, Levine SM, Dupuy DE (1997) Knee and shoulder fractures: association of fracture detection and marrow edema on MR images with mechanism of injury. Radiology 204:395–401CrossRef
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Rath B, Eschweiler J, Betsch M et al (2017) Cartilage repair of the knee joint. Orthopade 46:919–927CrossRef Rath B, Eschweiler J, Betsch M et al (2017) Cartilage repair of the knee joint. Orthopade 46:919–927CrossRef
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Ristow O, Steinbach L, Sabo G et al (2009) Isotropic 3D fast spin-echo imaging versus standard 2D imaging at 3.0 T of the knee—image quality and diagnostic performance. Eur Radiol 19:1263–1272CrossRef Ristow O, Steinbach L, Sabo G et al (2009) Isotropic 3D fast spin-echo imaging versus standard 2D imaging at 3.0 T of the knee—image quality and diagnostic performance. Eur Radiol 19:1263–1272CrossRef
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Roemer FW, Bohndorf K (2002) Long-term osseous sequelae after acute trauma of the knee joint evaluated by MRI. Skeletal Radiol 31:615–623CrossRef Roemer FW, Bohndorf K (2002) Long-term osseous sequelae after acute trauma of the knee joint evaluated by MRI. Skeletal Radiol 31:615–623CrossRef
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Roemer FW, Guermazi A, Javaid MK et al (2009) Change in MRI-detected subchondral bone marrow lesions is associated with cartilage loss: the MOST Study. A longitudinal multicentre study of knee osteoarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 68:1461–1465CrossRef Roemer FW, Guermazi A, Javaid MK et al (2009) Change in MRI-detected subchondral bone marrow lesions is associated with cartilage loss: the MOST Study. A longitudinal multicentre study of knee osteoarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 68:1461–1465CrossRef
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Roemer FW, Kwoh CK, Hannon MJ et al (2011) Semiquantitative assessment of focal cartilage damage at 3T MRI: a comparative study of dual echo at steady state (DESS) and intermediate-weighted (IW) fat suppressed fast spin echo sequences. Eur J Radiol 80:e126–131CrossRef Roemer FW, Kwoh CK, Hannon MJ et al (2011) Semiquantitative assessment of focal cartilage damage at 3T MRI: a comparative study of dual echo at steady state (DESS) and intermediate-weighted (IW) fat suppressed fast spin echo sequences. Eur J Radiol 80:e126–131CrossRef
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Roos EM, Engelhart L, Ranstam J et al (2011) ICRS recommendation document: patient-reported outcome instruments for use in patients with articular cartilage defects. Cartilage 2:122–136CrossRef Roos EM, Engelhart L, Ranstam J et al (2011) ICRS recommendation document: patient-reported outcome instruments for use in patients with articular cartilage defects. Cartilage 2:122–136CrossRef
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Rosenberger RE, Gomoll AH, Bryant T et al (2008) Repair of large chondral defects of the knee with autologous chondrocyte implantation in patients 45 years or older. Am J Sports Med 36:2336–2344CrossRef Rosenberger RE, Gomoll AH, Bryant T et al (2008) Repair of large chondral defects of the knee with autologous chondrocyte implantation in patients 45 years or older. Am J Sports Med 36:2336–2344CrossRef
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Salzmann GM, Niemeyer P, Steinwachs M et al (2011) Cartilage repair approach and treatment characteristics across the knee joint: a European survey. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 131:283–291CrossRef Salzmann GM, Niemeyer P, Steinwachs M et al (2011) Cartilage repair approach and treatment characteristics across the knee joint: a European survey. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 131:283–291CrossRef
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Scher C, Craig J, Nelson F (2008) Bone marrow edema in the knee in osteoarthrosis and association with total knee arthroplasty within a three-year follow-up. Skeletal Radiol 37:609–617CrossRef Scher C, Craig J, Nelson F (2008) Bone marrow edema in the knee in osteoarthrosis and association with total knee arthroplasty within a three-year follow-up. Skeletal Radiol 37:609–617CrossRef
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Schmid MR, Pfirrmann CW, Hodler J et al (2003) Cartilage lesions in the ankle joint: comparison of MR arthrography and CT arthrography. Skeletal Radiol 32:259–265CrossRef Schmid MR, Pfirrmann CW, Hodler J et al (2003) Cartilage lesions in the ankle joint: comparison of MR arthrography and CT arthrography. Skeletal Radiol 32:259–265CrossRef
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Stevens KJ, Busse RF, Han E et al (2008) Ankle: isotropic MR imaging with 3D-FSE-cube—initial experience in healthy volunteers. Radiology 249:1026–1033CrossRef Stevens KJ, Busse RF, Han E et al (2008) Ankle: isotropic MR imaging with 3D-FSE-cube—initial experience in healthy volunteers. Radiology 249:1026–1033CrossRef
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Waldt S, Bruegel M, Ganter K et al (2005) Comparison of multislice CT arthrography and MR arthrography for the detection of articular cartilage lesions of the elbow. Eur Radiol 15:784–791CrossRef Waldt S, Bruegel M, Ganter K et al (2005) Comparison of multislice CT arthrography and MR arthrography for the detection of articular cartilage lesions of the elbow. Eur Radiol 15:784–791CrossRef
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Weber MA, Wunnemann F, Jungmann PM et al (2017) Modern cartilage imaging of the ankle. Rofo 189:945–956CrossRef Weber MA, Wunnemann F, Jungmann PM et al (2017) Modern cartilage imaging of the ankle. Rofo 189:945–956CrossRef
49.
Metadaten
Titel
Präoperative Patientenevaluation
Bildgebung, Indikationen und Limitationen zur knorpelregenerativen Therapie
verfasst von
PD Dr. med. Pia M. Jungmann, MD
Publikationsdatum
08.04.2019
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
Arthroskopie / Ausgabe 3/2019
Print ISSN: 0933-7946
Elektronische ISSN: 1434-3924
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00142-019-0275-5

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 3/2019

Arthroskopie 3/2019 Zur Ausgabe

AGA-Mitteilungen

AGA-Mitteilungen

Arthropedia

Grundlagenwissen der Arthroskopie und Gelenkchirurgie. Erweitert durch Fallbeispiele, Videos und Abbildungen. 
» Jetzt entdecken

Update Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.