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12.11.2020 | Review Paper

Preclinical and Clinical Evidence for the Involvement of Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Signaling in the Pathophysiology of Vascular Cognitive Impairment

verfasst von: Xin Ying Chua, Leona T. Y. Ho, Ping Xiang, Wee Siong Chew, Brenda Wan Shing Lam, Christopher P. Chen, Wei-Yi Ong, Mitchell K. P. Lai, Deron R. Herr

Erschienen in: NeuroMolecular Medicine | Ausgabe 1/2021

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Abstract

Sphingosine 1-phosphates (S1Ps) are bioactive lipids that mediate a diverse range of effects through the activation of cognate receptors, S1P₁–S1P₅. Scrutiny of S1P-regulated pathways over the past three decades has identified important and occasionally counteracting functions in the brain and cerebrovascular system. For example, while S1P₁ and S1P₃ mediate proinflammatory effects on glial cells and directly promote endothelial cell barrier integrity, S1P₂ is anti-inflammatory but disrupts barrier integrity. Cumulatively, there is significant preclinical evidence implicating critical roles for this pathway in regulating processes that drive cerebrovascular disease and vascular dementia, both being part of the continuum of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). This is supported by clinical studies that have identified correlations between alterations of S1P and cognitive deficits. We review studies which proposed and evaluated potential mechanisms by which such alterations contribute to pathological S1P signaling that leads to VCI-associated chronic neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Notably, S1P receptors have divergent but overlapping expression patterns and demonstrate complex interactions. Therefore, the net effect produced by S1P represents the cumulative contributions of S1P receptors acting additively, synergistically, or antagonistically on the neural, vascular, and immune cells of the brain. Ultimately, an optimized therapeutic strategy that targets S1P signaling will have to consider these complex interactions.

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Titel: Preclinical and Clinical Evidence for the Involvement of Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Signaling in the Pathophysiology of Vascular Cognitive Impairment
verfasst von: Xin Ying Chua
Leona T. Y. Ho
Ping Xiang
Wee Siong Chew
Brenda Wan Shing Lam
Christopher P. Chen
Wei-Yi Ong
Mitchell K. P. Lai
Deron R. Herr
Publikationsdatum: 12.11.2020
Verlag: Springer US
Erschienen in: NeuroMolecular Medicine / Ausgabe 1/2021
Print ISSN: 1535-1084
Elektronische ISSN: 1559-1174
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12017-020-08632-0

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