Preclinical evaluation of hematoprotective and nephroprotective activities of Bellis perennis L aqueous extract on CCl₄-induced renal injury in mice

Ethnomedicinal plants are recommended for the prevention, control, and treatment of several diseases. Due to the rapid growth of global interest in use of medicinal plants, their effects and safety evaluation have become substantial. In this study, Bellis perennis L aqueous extract (BP) was extracted to investigate its hematoprotective and nephroprotective activities on renal structural, hematological, and biochemical changes in CCl₄-induced nephrotoxicity in male mice. Fifty male mice were divided into five groups (n = 10): Group I served as control and received 1 mL/kg olive oil intraperitoneally and 0.5 mL distilled water through gavage; group II served as untreated group and received 1 mg/kg CCl₄ mixed with olive oil in the ratio of 1:1, intraperitoneally and 0.5 mL distilled water orally; and groups III, IV, V, and VI received CCl₄ mixed with olive oil in the ratio of 1:1 intraperitoneally and 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg of BP through gavage for 45 consecutive days. At 45th day, the mice were dissected, blood and kidney samples collected for hematological, biochemical, and histological parameters analysis. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and post hoc Duncan’s tests. Histologically, different doses of BP (especially BP200) could significantly (p ≤ 0.05) decrease the volume and length of the renal structures as compared to the untreated group. Hematologically, BP could reduce significantly (p ≤ 0.05) the raised levels of WBC, platelet, and increased RBC parameters as compared to the untreated group. Biochemically, BP at all dose (especially BP200) could significantly (p ≤ 0.05) reduce the raised levels of urea and creatinine and increased SOD and CAT levels as compared to the untreated group. BP has protective properties on the kidney and blood, thereby reducing the causation of hematotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in experimental mice.