Introduction
Patients and methods
Study design and patients
Variables
Statistical analysis
Results
Patient clinicopathologic characteristics
Characteristic | Training cohort | Validation cohort | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TD-negative N = 317(%) | TD-positive N = 314(%) | P value | TD-negative N = 79(%) | TD-positive N = 56(%) | P value | |
Age (year) | 0.002 | 0.385 | ||||
≤ 65 | 140(44.2) | 177(56.4) | 47(59.5) | 29(51.8) | ||
> 65 | 177(55.8) | 137(43.6) | 32(40.5) | 27(48.2) | ||
Size | 0.010 | 0.730 | ||||
≤ 5 cm | 158(49.8) | 113(36.0) | 42(53.2) | 28(50.0) | ||
> 5 cm | 159(50.2) | 201(64.0) | 37(46.8) | 28(50.0) | ||
Gender | 0.265 | 0.590 | ||||
Male | 148(46.7) | 161(51.3) | 48(60.8) | 37(66.1) | ||
Female | 169(53.3) | 153(48.7) | 31(39.2) | 19(33.9) | ||
Subsite | 0.188 | 0.337 | ||||
Right | 224(70.7) | 202(64.3) | 22(27.8) | 13(23.3) | ||
Left | 82(25.9) | 102(32.5) | 19(24.1) | 20(35.7) | ||
Rectal | 11(3.4) | 10(3.3) | 38(48.1) | 23(42.1) | ||
Grade | 0.038 | 0.087 | ||||
Well | 21(6.6) | 9(2.9) | 4(5.1) | 0 | ||
Poor | 296(93.4) | 305(97.1) | 75(94.9) | 56(100) | ||
T stage | < 0.001 | 0.159 | ||||
T1-3 | 177(55.8) | 88(28.0) | 39(49.4) | 20(35.7) | ||
T4 | 140(44.2) | 226(72.0) | 40(50.6) | 36(64.3) | ||
N stage | < 0.001 | 0.836 | ||||
< 4 nodes | 112(35.3) | 45(14.3) | 17(21.5) | 13(23.2) | ||
≥ 4 nodes | 205(64.7) | 269(85.7) | 62(78.5) | 43(76.8) | ||
TNM stage | < 0.001 | 0.005 | ||||
III | 249(78.5) | 157(50.0) | 61(77.2) | 30(53.6) | ||
IV | 68(21.5) | 157(50.0) | 18(22.8) | 26(46.4) | ||
PNI | < 0.001 | 0.008 | ||||
Absent | 232(73.2) | 147(46.8) | 50(63.3) | 22(39.3) | ||
Present | 85(26.8) | 167(53.2) | 29(36.7) | 34(60.7) | ||
CEA | 0.008 | 0.487 | ||||
Negative | 153(48.3) | 118(37.6) | 42(53.2) | 26(46.4) | ||
Positive | 164(51.7) | 196(62.4) | 37(46.8) | 30(53.6) | ||
Chemotherapy | 0.074 | 0.455 | ||||
No | 112(35.3) | 90(28.7) | 22(27.8) | 19(33.9) | ||
Yes | 205(64.7) | 224(71.3) | 57(72.2) | 37(66.1) |
Prognostic value of TD by Kaplan-Meier
TD and other independent risk factors analysis
Characteristic | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
HR (95%CI) | P value | HR (95%CI) | P value | |
Age | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) | 0.186 | ||
Size | ||||
≤ 5 cm | Ref. | Ref. | ||
> 5 cm | 1.43 (1.16–1.76) | 0.001 | 1.113 (0.90–1.38) | 0.333 |
Gender | ||||
Male | Ref. | |||
Female | 0.91 (0.74–1.12) | 0.383 | ||
Subsite | 0.827 | |||
Right | Ref. | |||
Left | 0.98 (0.77–1.23) | 0.867 | ||
Rectal | 0.83 (0.45–1.52) | 0.543 | ||
Grade | ||||
Well | Ref. | |||
Poor | 0.98 (0.62–1.55) | 0.923 | ||
T stage | ||||
T1-3 | Ref. | Ref. | ||
T4 | 1.95 (1.57–2.42) | < 0.001 | 1.460 (1.16–1.83) | 0.001 |
N stage | ||||
< 4 nodes | Ref. | Ref. | ||
≥ 4 nodes | 2.42 (1.84–3.19) | < 0.001 | 2.05 (1.54–2.73) | < 0.001 |
TNM stage | ||||
III | Ref. | Ref. | ||
IV | 2.48 (2.02–3.05) | < 0.001 | 1.90 (1.51–2.38) | < 0.001 |
PNI | ||||
Absent | Ref. | Ref. | ||
Present | 1.40 (1.14–1.72) | 0.001 | 1.03 (0.83–1.27) | 0.817 |
TD | ||||
Negative | Ref. | Ref. | ||
Positive | 1.86 (1.51–2.28) | < 0.001 | 1.42 (1.13–1.78) | 0.003 |
CEA | ||||
Negative | Ref. | Ref. | ||
Positive | 1.67 (1.35–2.06) | < 0.001 | 1.38 (1.11–1.72) | 0.004 |
Chemotherapy | ||||
No | Ref. | Ref. | ||
Yes | 0.55 (0.45–0.69) | < 0.001 | 0.46 (0.37–0.56) | < 0.001 |
Characteristic | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
HR (95%CI) | P value | HR (95%CI) | P value | |
Age | 1.01 (1.00-1.02) | 0.003 | 1.01 (1.00-1.02) | 0.003 |
Size | ||||
≤ 5 cm | Ref. | Ref. | ||
> 5 cm | 1.39 (1.15–1.69) | 0.001 | 1.12 (0.91–1.37) | 0.292 |
Gender | ||||
Male | Ref. | |||
Female | 0.94 (0.78–1.14) | 0.538 | ||
Subsite | 0.729 | |||
Right | Ref. | |||
Left | 0.94 (0.76–1.16) | 0.538 | ||
Rectal | 0.85 (0.49–1.48) | 0.568 | ||
Grade | ||||
Well | Ref. | |||
Poor | 1.01 (0.65–1.57) | 0.957 | ||
T stage | ||||
T1-3 | Ref. | Ref. | ||
T4 | 1.83 (1.50–2.24) | < 0.001 | 1.43 (1.16–1.77) | 0.001 |
N stage | ||||
< 4 nodes | Ref. | Ref. | ||
≥ 4 nodes | 2.15 (1.68–2.76) | < 0.001 | 2.01 (1.55–2.61) | < 0.001 |
TNM stage | ||||
III | Ref. | Ref. | ||
IV | 2.22(1.83–2.70) | < 0.001 | 1.83(1.47–2.27) | < 0.001 |
PNI | ||||
Absent | Ref. | Ref. | ||
Present | 1.35(1.11–1.63) | 0.002 | 1.04(0.85–1.27) | 0.727 |
TD | ||||
Negative | Ref. | Ref. | ||
Positive | 1.75(1.44–2.12) | < 0.001 | 1.44(1.16–1.78) | < 0.001 |
CEA | ||||
Negative | Ref. | Ref. | ||
Positive | 1.61(1.33–1.97) | < 0.001 | 1.25(1.01–1.55) | 0.039 |
Chemotherapy | ||||
No | Ref. | Ref. | ||
Yes | 0.50(0.40–0.60) | < 0.001 | 0.46(0.371–0.57) | < 0.001 |
Characteristic | CSS | P value | OS | P value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Size | ||||
≤ 5 cm | Ref. | Ref. | ||
> 5 cm | 1.13(0.71–1.77) | 0.615 | 1.15(0.74–1.78) | 0.528 |
T stage | ||||
T1-3 | Ref. | Ref. | ||
T4 | 1.59(0.96–2.64) | 0.073 | 1.31(0.83–2.07) | 0.254 |
N stage | ||||
< 4 nodes | Ref. | Ref. | ||
≥ 4 nodes | 1.42(0.77–2.62) | 0.266 | 1.10(0.64–1.87) | 0.737 |
TNM stage | ||||
III | Ref. | Ref. | ||
IV | 1.89(1.15–3.12) | 0.012 | 1.58(0.98–2.53) | 0.061 |
PNI | ||||
Absent | Ref. | Ref. | ||
Present | 1.99(1.18–3.34) | 0.010 | 1.84(1.13-3.00) | 0.014 |
TD | ||||
Negative | Ref. | Ref. | ||
Positive | 1.75(1.04–2.94) | 0.035 | 1.96(1.21–3.18) | 0.006 |
CEA | ||||
Negative | Ref. | Ref. | ||
Positive | 2.04(1.27–3.27) | 0.003 | 1.90(1.23–2.96) | 0.004 |
Chemotherapy | ||||
No | Ref. | Ref. | ||
Yes | 1.21(0.73-2.00) | 0.452 | 1.00(0.63–1.57) | 0.981 |