Introduction
Exosomes
Biological functions of exosomal circRNAs in cancer
General characteristics of circRNA
Exosomal circRNAs and proliferation of cancer cells
Exosomal circRNAs in metastasis
Exosomal circRNAs in drug resistance
Tumor type | circRNA | Target molecules | Function | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
NSCLC | Circ-RACGAP1 | Wnt/β-catenin | Proliferation | [53] |
NSCLC | Circ_0076305 | miR-186-5p/ABCC1 | DDP resistance | [78] |
NSCLC | Circ-VMP1 Circ_0014235 | miR-524-5p/SOX2 miR-520a-5p/CDK4 | DDP resistance | [79] |
NSCLC | Circ-STAB2 | miR-330-5p/PEAK1 | Progression | |
NSCLC | Circ_0007385 | miR-1253/FAM83A | Proliferation, stemness | [94] |
NSCLC | Circ_0008717 | miR-1287-5p/PAK2 | Tumorigenicity | [95] |
NSCLC | Circ-ARHGAP10 | miR-638/FAM83F | Progression | [96] |
NSCLC | Circ_102481 | miR-30a-5p/ROR1 | EGFR-TKIs resistance | [97] |
NSCLC | Circ-PLK1 | miR-1294/HMGA1 | Progression | [98] |
NSCLC | Circ_0014235 | miR-520a-5p/CDK4 | DDP resistance | [99] |
NSCLC | Circ_0002130 | miR-498 | Osimertinib resistance | [100] |
NSCLC | Circ-CCDC134 | miR-625-5p/NFAT5 | Progression | [101] |
Lung cancer | Circ-DNER | miR-139-5p/ITGB8 | Paclitaxel resistance | [102] |
LUAD | CircRAPGEF5 | miR-1236-3p/ZEB1 | Metastasis | [64] |
CRC | Circ-PACRGL | miR-142-3p/miR-506-3p | Metastasis | [62] |
CRC | Circ_0005963 | miR-122 | Oxaliplatin resistance | [84] |
CRC | CircATG4B | Autophagy | Oxaliplatin resistance | [88] |
CRC | Circ_0007334 | miR/KLF12 | Progression | [103] |
CRC | Circ-COG2 | miR-1305/TGF-β2/smad3 | Progression | [104] |
CRC | Circ-FMN2 | miR-338-3p/MSI1 | Progression | [105] |
CRC | CircCOL1A2 | miR-665/LASP1 | Progression | [106] |
CRC | Circ_0005615 | miR-873-5p/FOSL2 | Progression | [107] |
CRC | Circ_0000395 | miR-432-5p/MYH9 | Progression | [108] |
CRC | Circ-TUBGCP4 | miR-146b-3p/PDK/Akt | Metastasis | [109] |
CRC | Circ-PABPC1 | miR-874/microRNA-1929 | Metastasis | [110] |
CRC | Circ-133a | miR-133a/GEF-H1/RhoA | Metastasis | [111] |
HCC | Circ-DB | miR-34a/USP7/Cyclin A2 | Proliferation | [51] |
HCC | Circ-WDR25 | miR-4474-3p/ALOX15 | Proliferation | [52] |
HCC | CircMMP2 | miR-136-5p/MMP2 | Metastasis | [63] |
HCC | Circ_0003028 | miR-498/ODC1 | EMT process | [67] |
HCC | Circ_100338 | Angiogenesis | Metastasis | [69] |
HCC | Circ-Cdr1as | miR-1270 | Progression | [112] |
HCC | Circ-TTLL5 | miR-136-5p/KIAA1522 | Metastasis | [113] |
HCC | Circ-SORE | YBX1 | Sorafenib resistance | [114] |
HCC | Circ-PAK1 | YAP | Lenvatinib resistance | [115] |
HCC | Circ-ZFR | STAT3/NF-κB pathway | DDP resistance | [116] |
Breast cancer | Circ-SERPINE2 | / | Proliferation | [48] |
Breast cancer | CircPSMA1 | miR-637/Akt1/β-catenin | Metastasis | [65] |
Breast cancer | Circ-MMP11 | miR-153-3P/ANLN | Lapatinib resistance | [117] |
Breast cancer | CCirc-UBE2D2 | miR-200a-3p | Tamoxifen resistance | [118] |
Breast cancer | Circ-CARM1 | miR-1252-5p/PFKFB2 | Glycolysis, progression | [119] |
Breast cancer | Circ-EGFR | miR-1299/EGFR | Pirarubicin resistance | [120] |
Gastric cancer | Circ-PRRX1 | miR-596 | Proliferation | [47] |
Gastric cancer | Circ_0044366 | / | Metastasis | [70] |
Gastric cancer | Circ_0091741 | miR-330-3p/ TRIM14 | Oxaliplatin resistance | [85] |
Gastric cancer | Circ-NRIP1 | miR-145-5p/AKT1/mTOR | Metastasis | [121] |
Gastric cancer | Circ_0001789 | miR-140-3p/PAK2 | Progression | [122] |
Gastric cancer | Circ_0063562 | miR-449a/SHMT2 | DDP resistance | [123] |
Gastric cancer | Circ-PVT1 | miR-301-5p/YAP1 | DDP resistance | [124] |
Gastric cancer | Circ-LDLRAD3 | miR-588/SOX5 | DDP resistance | [125] |
Gastric cancer | Circ_0032821 | miR-515-5p/SOX9 | Oxaliplatin resistance | [126] |
Glioma | Circ_0072083 | miR-1252-5p/NANOG | TMZ resistance | [81] |
Glioma | Circ-WDR62 | miR-370-3p/MGMT | TMZ resistance | [127] |
Glioma | Circ-GLS3 | miR − 548 m/MED31 | TMZ resistance | [128] |
Glioma | Circ_0043949 | miR-876-3p/ITGA1 | TMZ resistance | [129] |
Glioblastoma | Circ-AHCY | miR-1294/ Wnt/β-catenin | Proliferation | [130] |
Glioblastoma | Circ_0012381 | miR-340-5p/CCL2/CCR2 | Proliferation | [131] |
Glioblastoma | Circ-KIF18A | FOXC2/PI3K/AKT | Angiogenesis | [132] |
Prostate cancer | Circ_0081234 | / | EMT process | [66] |
Prostate cancer | Circ-SFMBT2 | miR-136-5p/TRIB1 | Docetaxel resistance | [86] |
Prostate cancer | Circ-XIAP | miR-1182/TDP52 | Docetaxel resistance | [87] |
Prostate cancer | Circ-KDM4A | miR-338-3p/CUL4B | Malignancy | [133] |
Ovarian cancer | Circ-NFIX | miR-518a-3p/TRIM44 | Angiogenesis | [71] |
Ovarian cancer | Circ-PIP5K1A | miR-942/NFIB | DDP resistance | [134] |
Ovarian cancer | Circ-Foxp1 | miR-22/miR-150-3p | DDP resistance | [135] |
Ovarian cancer | Circ_0007841 | miR-532-5p/NFIB | DDP resistance | [136] |
PCa | Circ-PDK1 | miR-628-3p/BPTF/c-Myc | Proliferation | [46] |
PCa | Circ-ZNF91 | miR-23b-3p/SIRT1 | Gemcitabine resistance | [82] |
PCa | Circ-IARS | miR-122 | Metastasis | [137] |
EC | Circ_0000337 | miR-337-3p | DDP resistance | [138] |
CCA | Circ_0020256 | miR-432-5p/E2F3 | Proliferation | [49] |
RCC | Circ-PRKCI | miR-545-3p/CCND1 | Proliferation | [50] |
MM | Circ-HNRNPU | / | Proliferation | [54] |
PTC | Circ_007293 | miR-653-5p/PAX6 | EMT process | [68] |
ESCC | Circ_0026611 | / | LNM | [72] |
Osteosarcoma | Circ_103801 | / | DDP resistance | [80] |
Neuroblastoma | Circ-DLGAP4 | miR-143-HK2 | Doxorubicin resistance | [83] |
Cervical cancer | Circ_0074269 | miR-485-5p/TUFT1 | DDP resistance | [139] |
Melanoma | Circ_0001005 | miRs sponges | Vemurafenib resistance | [140] |
NPC | Circ-PARD3 | miR-579-3p/SIRT1 | Cisplatin resistance | [141] |
CCA | Circ-CCAC1 | EZH2 | Angiogenesis | [142] |
Exosomal circRNAs in tumor immunity
Potential clinical applications of exosomal circRNAs
Exosomal circRNAs in cancer diagnosis
Cancer | circRNAs | Level | Function | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
CRC | Circ-LPAR1 | Down | Diagnostic biomarker (AUC 0.875) | [55] |
CRC | Circ-GAPVD1 | Up | Diagnostic biomarker (AUC 0.7662) | [168] |
CRC | Circ-HIPK3 | Up | Diagnostic biomarker (AUC 0.771) | [169] |
CRC | Circ-PNN | Up | Early-stage diagnosis (AUC 0.854) | [170] |
GC | Circ_0015286 | Up | Diagnostic biomarker | [166] |
GC | Circ_0000437 | Up | Associated with LNM | [167] |
GC | Circ-CDR1as | Up | Diagnostic biomarker (AUC 0.536) | [171] |
GC | Circ_0065149 | Down | Early diagnosis and prognosis prediction (AUC 0.64) | [172] |
GC | Circ-KIA1244 | Down | TNM stage and lymphatic metastasis (AUC 0.7481) | [173] |
GC | Circ_0000419 | Down | Diagnostic biomarker (AUC 0.84) | [174] |
BC | Circ-MMP11 | Up | Diagnostic biomarker (AUC 0.9444) | [117] |
BC | Circ-HIF1A | Up | Diagnostic biomarker (AUC 0.897) | [175] |
BC | Circ_0000615 | Up | Diagnostic biomarker (AUC 0.904) | [176] |
NSCLC | Circ_0047921, Circ_0056285, Circ_0007761 | - | Diagnostic biomarker in the Chinese population (AUC 0.89, 0.820) | [177] |
NSCLC | Circ_0048856 | Up | Diagnostic biomarker (AUC 0.943) | [178] |
NSCLC | Circ_0069313 | Up | Diagnostic biomarker (AUC 0.749) | [179] |
NSCLC | Circ-ERBB2IP | Up | Positively correlated with malignant (AUC 0.9168) | [180] |
LUAD | Circ_0001492, Circ_0001439, Circ_0000896 | Up | Diagnostic biomarker (AUC 0.805) | [164] |
LUAD | Circ_0056616 | Up | Biomarker for lymph node metastasis (AUC 0.812) | [181] |
LUAD | Circ_0013958 | Up | TNM stage and lymphatic metastasis (AUC 0.815) | [182] |
LUSC | Circ_0014235, Circ_0025580 | Up | Diagnostic biomarker (AUC 0.8) | [183] |
Lung cancer | Circ_0002490, Circ_0087357, Circ_0004891, Circ_0074368 | Down | Diagnostic biomarker (AUC 0.833, 0.793, 0.773, 0.730) | [184] |
HCC | Circ_0051443 | Down | Diagnostic biomarker (AUC 0.8089) | [57] |
HCC | Circ_0028861 | Down | Diagnostic biomarker | [165] |
HCC | Circ-SMARCA5 | Down | Diagnostic biomarker (AUC 0.862) | [185] |
HCC | Circ_0006602 | Up | Diagnostic biomarker (AUC 0.907) | [186] |
HCC | Circ_0004001, Circ_0004123, Circ_0075792 | – | Positively correlated with the TNM stage and tumor size | [187] |
ESCC | Circ_0026611 | Up | Lymph node-metastatic biomarker (AUC 0.724) | [188] |
ESCC | Circ_0001946 | Up | Predict the recurrence and prognosis (AUC 0.894) | [189] |
MM | Circ-MYC | Up | Recurrence and Bortezomib resistance (AUC 0.924) | [190] |
Ovarian | Circ_0001068 | Up | Diagnostic biomarker (AUC 0.9697) | [146] |
AC | Circ_0109049 Circ_0002577 | Up | Diagnostic stage III biomarker | [159] |
OSCC | Circ_047733 | Down | Negatively with LNM | [161] |
GBM | Circ_0055202, Circ_0074920, Circ_0043722 | Up | Predict the tumor progression | [162] |
PCa | Circ_0006220 Circ_0001666 | Up | Diagnostic biomarker (AUC 0.884) | [163] |
Exosome-based circRNA delivery for cancer therapy
Cancer | circRNAs | Source | Function | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
SCLC | Circ-SH3PXD2A | Circ-SH3PXD2A-overexpressing cells | Decreased chemoresistance and cell proliferation | [198] |
Lung | Circ-RABL2B | Circ-RABL2B-overexpressing cells | Impoverished stemness, and promoted erlotinib sensitivity | [199] |
CRC | Circ-PTPRA | Circ-PTPRA transfected cells | Inhibited tumorigenesis and promoted radiosensitivity | [56] |
CRC | Circ-RHOBTB3 | ASOs treated CRC | Inhibited CRC growth and metastasis | [59] |
CRC | Circ-FBXW7 | circ-FBXW7-transfected FHC cells | Ameliorated chemoresistance to oxaliplatin | [89] |
CRC | Circ-EPB41L2 | Circ-EPB41L2 transfected cells | Inhibited proliferation and metastasis | [191] |
CRC | Circ_0094343 | NCM460 | Improved chemosensitivity | [194] |
HCC | Circ_0051443 | HL-7702 cell | Suppressed tumor progression | [57] |
HCC | Circ_0004658 | RBP-J-overexpressed- macrophage | Inhibited the progression | [61] |
HCC | Circ_0072088 | HCC cells | Suppressed the metastasis | [75] |
HCC | Circ-G004213 | / | Promoted cisplatin sensitivity | [91] |
PDAC | Circ_0006790 | BMSC | Inhibited growth, metastasis, and immune escape | [74] |
PDAC | Circ_0012634 | Pancreatic ductal epithelial cel1l | Restrained PDAC progression | [200] |
Gastric | Circ-ITCH | Circ-ITCH-transfected cells | Suppressed the metastasis | [76] |
Gastric | CircSTAU2 | GES-1 cells | Inhibited the progression | [77] |
Gastric | Circ_0017252 | GC cells | Inhibited macrophage M2 polarization | [201] |
Gastric | Circ-RELL1 | / | Suppressed the malignant behavior | [192] |
Gastric | Circ-DIDO1 | Circ-DIDO1 transfected 293T | Suppressed tumor progression | [193] |
Glioma | Circ-BTG2 | RBP-J-overexpressed- macrophage | Inhibited the progression | [60] |
Ovarian | CircIFNGR2 | CAF | Inhibited the malignant progression | [73] |
PCa | Circ_0030167 | BMSCs | Inhibited the stemness | [195] |
TNBC | Circ-CREIT | / | Overcome doxorubicin resistance | [90] |
OSCC | Cicr-GDI2 | Circ-GDI2-transfected CAL27 cells | Suppressed tumor progression | [58] |
RCC | Circ-SPIRE1 | Circ-SPIRE1 over-expressed cells | Suppressed angiogenesis and metastasis | [202] |
NPC | Circ-FIP1L1 | Guggulsterone treated HNE1 cells | Repressed HUVECs angiogenesis | [203] |