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Erschienen in: Der Nervenarzt 9/2016

22.07.2016 | Schizophrenie | Leitthema

Behandlung psychischer Störungen in Schwangerschaft und Stillzeit

Psychotherapie und andere nichtmedikamentöse Therapien

verfasst von: Dr. S. Kittel-Schneider, A. Reif

Erschienen in: Der Nervenarzt | Ausgabe 9/2016

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Zusammenfassung

Viele Frauen mit psychiatrischen Erkrankungen in Schwangerschaft und Stillzeit bevorzugen nichtmedikamentöse Therapien, obwohl das Risiko für Fehlbildungen und postnatale Komplikationen unter vielen Psychopharmaka bei mittelschwer bis schwer erkrankten Frauen als vertretbar einzuschätzen ist. Bei leichten bis mittelgradigen peripartalen Depressionen sind verschiedene Psychotherapieverfahren sowie Beratungsinterventionen signifikant wirksamer in der Reduktion depressiver Symptome als Wartelistenkontrollgruppen. Ähnliches scheint für Angsterkrankungen zu gelten, wobei hier die Datenlage deutlich schlechter ist. Auch Internet- und Telefoninterventionen sind wohl wirksam, was insbesondere bei postpartalen Patientinnen wichtig für die Praxis und Entwicklung von zukünftigen Versorgungsstrukturen ist. Auch nichtinvasive Stimulationsverfahren scheinen bei schwangeren und postpartal depressiven Patientinnen eine effektive nichtmedikamentöse Therapieoption zu sein. Zu anderen modernen nichtinvasiven Stimulationsverfahren und biologischen Therapieverfahren sowie Bewegungstherapien liegen bislang nur wenige Daten vor. Bei schweren wahnhaften depressiven Episoden sowie therapieresistenten depressiven Episoden ist die Elektrokrampftherapie auch bei schwangeren Patientinnen in Betracht zu ziehen. Da viele Patientinnen nichtmedikamentöse Verfahren in dieser besonderen Zeit bevorzugen und auch nichtmedikamentöse Verfahren wirksam sind, kann diesen bei Verfügbarkeit und auf Wunsch der Patientin der Vorzug gegeben werden. Für die nichtmedikamentöse Behandlung anderer psychiatrischer Erkrankungen, beispielsweise von Zwangsstörungen, bipolaren Störungen und schizophrenen Psychosen, in Schwangerschaft und Stillzeit gibt es kaum publizierte Studien, sodass hier bislang keine Empfehlungen gegeben werden können.
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Metadaten
Titel
Behandlung psychischer Störungen in Schwangerschaft und Stillzeit
Psychotherapie und andere nichtmedikamentöse Therapien
verfasst von
Dr. S. Kittel-Schneider
A. Reif
Publikationsdatum
22.07.2016
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Der Nervenarzt / Ausgabe 9/2016
Print ISSN: 0028-2804
Elektronische ISSN: 1433-0407
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-016-0177-y

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