Background
Materials and methods
Experimental animals
Microorganism
Isolation and purification of sperm immobilization factor (SIF) from S. aureus
Intravasal inoculation procedure
Weight profile and tissue somatic indices TSI (%)
Evaluation of sperm parameters
Total sperm count
Sperm motility
Hematological parameters
Testosterone assay
Lipid peroxidation
Histological analyses
Evaluation of SIF-binding receptor (SBR) from mouse spermatozoa as ameliorating agent against SIF-induced impairment of reproductive vigour
Extraction of spermatozoa from mice
Isolation and purification of SIF binding receptor from mouse spermatozoa
Evaluation of SIF binding receptor (SBR) as ameliorating agent
Results
Isolation and purification of SIF from S. aureus
Weight profile
Tissue somatic indices (TSI %)
Evaluation of seminal parameters
Conc. of SIF (μg) | Days | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Day 3 | Day 7 | Day 14 | Day 21 | Day 30 | Day 45 | Day 60 | Day 90 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sperm count (× 106) | Motility (%) | Sperm count (× 106) | Motility (%) | Sperm count (× 106) | Motility (%) | Sperm count (× 106) | Motility (%) | Sperm count (× 106) | Motility (%) | Sperm count (× 106) | Motility (%) | Sperm count (× 106) | Motility (%) | Sperm count (× 106) | Motility (%) | |||||||||||||||||
L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | |
10 | 7 | 0 | 24± 7 | 0 | 17.3 ± 6.11 | 0 | 22.3± 5.68 | 0 | 16.6± 1.52 | 10± 2.46 | 33± 9.5 | 16.3± 5.03 | 26.3± 13.31 | 26.6± 12.22 | 32.6± 6.5 | 33± 5.5 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
50 | 18.33± 4.04 | 0 | 44± 7.5 | 0 | 22.6± 6.50 | 0 | 55.6± 5.03 | 0 | 19± 3.60 | 0 | 24.3± 6.50 | 0 | 21± 6.24 | 14.6± 3.21 | 37± 8.7 | 19± 1 | 19± 3.60 | 18.3± 0.51 | 42.6± 9.7 | 41.6± 12.05 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
100 | 19.6± 4.04 | 0 | 26± 9.1 | 0 | 17.6± 5.68 | 0 | 22.66± 5.68 | 0 | 21.6± 6.02 | 0 | 25± 6.5 | 0 | 18.6± 5.03 | 0 | 30± 7.2 | 0 | 26.6± 12.08 | 0 | 30± 7.5 | 0 | 24± 5 | 24.6± 5.03 | 34.3± 7.02 | 25.6± 5.68 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
200 | 15.6± 4.72 | 0 | 15.6± 3.51 | 0 | 21.3± 5.03 | 0 | 24.6± 8.08 | 0 | 18.6± 4.50 | 0 | 25.6± 7.50 | 0 | 20.3± 4.16 | 0 | 19.3± 9.07 | 0 | 19.3± 3.78 | 0 | 22.6± 5.03 | 0 | 23± 4.35 | 0 | 33.6± 4.50 | 0 | 18.6± 6.02 | 0 | 26± 8 | 0 | 21.3± 5.03 | 0 | 26.6± 4.50 | 0 |
Hematological parameters
Hematological parameters | ||
---|---|---|
Parameters | Control (PBS) | SIF (200 μg) |
RBC (106/mm3) | 4.87 ± 0.19 | 4.96 ± 0.15 |
WBC (103/mm3) | 5.67 ± 0.29 | 5.14 ± 0.26 |
Hb (g/dl) | 14.2 ± 0.03 | 14.7 ± 0.02 |
Lymphocytes (%) | 84.18 ± 0.01 | 85.24 ± 0.05 |
Monocytes (%) | 2 ± 0.23 | 4 ± 0.31 |
Neutrophils (%) | 12.7 ± 0.12 | 11 ± 0.21 |
Eosinophil (%) | 0.06 ± 0.20 | 0.05 ± 0.32 |
Basophil (%) | 0.09 ± 0.17 | 0.07 ± 0.23 |
AST (u/ml) | 34.02 ± 1.09 | 31.68 ± 2.38 |
ALT (u/ml) | 24.94 ± 0.36 | 25.31 ± 0.71 |
Testosterone (ng/ml) | 1.72 ± 0.08 | 0.72 ± 0.05 |
Testosterone assay
Lipid peroxidation
Histological examination
Evaluation of SIF-binding receptor from mouse spermatozoa as ameliorating agent against SIF-induced impairment of reproductive vigour
Isolation and purification of SIF binding receptor from mouse spermatozoa
Evaluation of SIF binding receptor (SBR) as ameliorating agent
Sperm parameters
Sperm parameters | Group I (PBS) | Group II (100 μg) | Group III (200 μg) | Group IV (300 μg) | Group V (400 μg) | Group VI (500 μg) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | Ri | L | R | |
Sperm count (× 106 /ml) | 37 ± 3.13 | 0 | 29 ± 4.03 | 0 | 32 ± 3.16 | 0 | 29 ± 1.07 | 19 ± 2.01 | 37 ± 1.71 | 39 ± 3.15 | 27 ± 2.08 | 26 ± 1.15 |
Motility (%) | 54 ± 2.01 | 0 | 41 ± 1.07 | 0 | 47 ± 5.21 | 0 | 31 ± 5.08 | 9 ± 3.12 | 52 ± 4.15 | 49 ± 3.17 | 48 ± 2.17 | 47 ± 3.11 |