Skip to main content

2023 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

27. Sport im Alter

verfasst von : Hasema Persch, Jürgen Michael Steinacker

Erschienen in: Sportkardiologie

Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

Zusammenfassung

Durch den demografischen Wandel, der verbesserten Lebenserwartung und dem medizinischen Fortschritt wird es in den nächsten Jahren zu einer Zunahme von über 65-Jährigen und auch von Hochbetagten kommen. Somit tritt auch das physiologische, gesunde Altern zunehmend in den Fokus zahlreicher Studien. Gesunde Lebensform bzw. Lebensstilmodifikationen spielen eine tragende Rolle für kardiovaskuläre Gesundheit. Diese Arbeit legt daher ein besonderes Augenmerk auf die körperliche Aktivität und den Sport im Alter. Die physiologischen, altersbedingten Veränderungen im kardiovaskulären System sind exemplarisch auf zellulärer Ebene eine Abnahme der Myozytenzahl und der sinuatrialen Schrittmacher-Zellen und vaskulär eine erhöhte Gefäßsteifigkeit, was schließlich zu strukturellen (bspw. linksventrikuläre Hypertrophie) und auch funktionellen Veränderungen (bspw. Abnahme des Schlagvolumens) führt. Diese altersbedingten kardialen Veränderungen können mittels Echokardiografie gut dargestellt werden, wobei Methoden wie die 3-dimensionalen Echokardiografie und das Strain-Imaging zusätzliche Informationen liefern. Im Weiteren wird auf die allgemeinen und individuellen Empfehlungen zu Sport im Alter eingegangen. Gemäß der aktuellen ESC-Leitlinie Sportkardiologie sollte bei älteren Menschen ein Ausdauer- und Krafttraining in Kombination mit speziellen Übungen zum Erhalt der Flexibilität und Balance erfolgen. Auch bisher nicht-aktive bzw. nur wenig aktive Senioren werden hierbei berücksichtigt und Einstiegsmöglichkeiten in sportliche Aktivitäten aufgezeigt.
Literatur
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Forbes D, Thiessen EJ, Blake CM, Forbes SC, Forbes S (2013) Exercise programs for people with dementia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev:CD006489 Forbes D, Thiessen EJ, Blake CM, Forbes SC, Forbes S (2013) Exercise programs for people with dementia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev:CD006489
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Kwok JYY, Kwan JCY, Auyeung M et al (2019) Effects of mindfulness yoga vs stretching and resistance training exercises on anxiety and depression for people with parkinson disease: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Neurol 76:755–763PubMedPubMedCentral Kwok JYY, Kwan JCY, Auyeung M et al (2019) Effects of mindfulness yoga vs stretching and resistance training exercises on anxiety and depression for people with parkinson disease: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Neurol 76:755–763PubMedPubMedCentral
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Pelliccia A, Sharma S, Gati S et al (2021) 2020 ESC guidelines on sports cardiology and exercise in patients with cardiovascular disease. Eur Heart J 42:17–96PubMed Pelliccia A, Sharma S, Gati S et al (2021) 2020 ESC guidelines on sports cardiology and exercise in patients with cardiovascular disease. Eur Heart J 42:17–96PubMed
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Regan K, White F, Harvey D, Middleton LE (2019) Effects of an exercise and mental activity program for people with dementia and their care partners. J Aging Phys Act 27:276–283PubMed Regan K, White F, Harvey D, Middleton LE (2019) Effects of an exercise and mental activity program for people with dementia and their care partners. J Aging Phys Act 27:276–283PubMed
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Woolford SJ, Sohan O, Dennison EM, Cooper C, Patel HP (2020) Approaches to the diagnosis and prevention of frailty. Aging Clin Exp Res 32:1629–1637PubMedPubMedCentral Woolford SJ, Sohan O, Dennison EM, Cooper C, Patel HP (2020) Approaches to the diagnosis and prevention of frailty. Aging Clin Exp Res 32:1629–1637PubMedPubMedCentral
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Roberts CK, Hevener AL, Barnard RJ (2013) Metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance: underlying causes and modification by exercise training. Compr Physiol 3:1–58PubMedPubMedCentral Roberts CK, Hevener AL, Barnard RJ (2013) Metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance: underlying causes and modification by exercise training. Compr Physiol 3:1–58PubMedPubMedCentral
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Vigorito C, Giallauria F (2014) Effects of exercise on cardiovascular performance in the elderly. Front Physiol 5:51PubMedPubMedCentral Vigorito C, Giallauria F (2014) Effects of exercise on cardiovascular performance in the elderly. Front Physiol 5:51PubMedPubMedCentral
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Bangsbo J, Blackwell J, Boraxbekk CJ et al (2019) Copenhagen consensus statement 2019: physical activity and ageing. Br J Sports Med 53:856–858PubMed Bangsbo J, Blackwell J, Boraxbekk CJ et al (2019) Copenhagen consensus statement 2019: physical activity and ageing. Br J Sports Med 53:856–858PubMed
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Liu-Ambrose T, Davis JC, Best JR et al (2019) Effect of a home-based exercise program on subsequent falls among community-dwelling high-risk older adults after a fall: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 321:2092–2100PubMedPubMedCentral Liu-Ambrose T, Davis JC, Best JR et al (2019) Effect of a home-based exercise program on subsequent falls among community-dwelling high-risk older adults after a fall: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 321:2092–2100PubMedPubMedCentral
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Sherrington C, Fairhall NJ, Wallbank GK et al (2019) Exercise for preventing falls in older people living in the community. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 1:CD012424PubMed Sherrington C, Fairhall NJ, Wallbank GK et al (2019) Exercise for preventing falls in older people living in the community. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 1:CD012424PubMed
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Berk DR, Hubert HB, Fries JF (2006) Associations of changes in exercise level with subsequent disability among seniors: a 16-year longitudinal study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 61:97–102PubMed Berk DR, Hubert HB, Fries JF (2006) Associations of changes in exercise level with subsequent disability among seniors: a 16-year longitudinal study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 61:97–102PubMed
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Hamed A, Bohm S, Mersmann F, Arampatzis A (2018) Follow-up efficacy of physical exercise interventions on fall incidence and fall risk in healthy older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Med Open 4:56PubMedPubMedCentral Hamed A, Bohm S, Mersmann F, Arampatzis A (2018) Follow-up efficacy of physical exercise interventions on fall incidence and fall risk in healthy older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Med Open 4:56PubMedPubMedCentral
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Feldman DI, Al-Mallah MH, Keteyian SJ et al (2015) No evidence of an upper threshold for mortality benefit at high levels of cardiorespiratory fitness. J Am Coll Cardiol 65:629–630PubMed Feldman DI, Al-Mallah MH, Keteyian SJ et al (2015) No evidence of an upper threshold for mortality benefit at high levels of cardiorespiratory fitness. J Am Coll Cardiol 65:629–630PubMed
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Piccirillo F, Carpenito M, Verolino G et al (2019) Changes of the coronary arteries and cardiac microvasculature with aging: implications for translational research and clinical practice. Mech Ageing Dev 184:111161PubMed Piccirillo F, Carpenito M, Verolino G et al (2019) Changes of the coronary arteries and cardiac microvasculature with aging: implications for translational research and clinical practice. Mech Ageing Dev 184:111161PubMed
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Lam CS, Borlaug BA, Kane GC, Enders FT, Rodeheffer RJ, Redfield MM (2009) Age-associated increases in pulmonary artery systolic pressure in the general population. Circulation 119:2663–2670PubMedPubMedCentral Lam CS, Borlaug BA, Kane GC, Enders FT, Rodeheffer RJ, Redfield MM (2009) Age-associated increases in pulmonary artery systolic pressure in the general population. Circulation 119:2663–2670PubMedPubMedCentral
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Lakatta EG, Levy D (2003) Arterial and cardiac aging: major shareholders in cardiovascular disease enterprises: Part II: the aging heart in health: links to heart disease. Circulation 107:346–354PubMed Lakatta EG, Levy D (2003) Arterial and cardiac aging: major shareholders in cardiovascular disease enterprises: Part II: the aging heart in health: links to heart disease. Circulation 107:346–354PubMed
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Olivetti G, Melissari M, Capasso JM, Anversa P (1991) Cardiomyopathy of the aging human heart. Myocyte loss and reactive cellular hypertrophy. Circ Res 68:1560–1568PubMed Olivetti G, Melissari M, Capasso JM, Anversa P (1991) Cardiomyopathy of the aging human heart. Myocyte loss and reactive cellular hypertrophy. Circ Res 68:1560–1568PubMed
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Forman DE, de Lemos JA, Shaw LJ et al (2020) Cardiovascular biomarkers and imaging in older adults: JACC council perspectives. J Am Coll Cardiol 76:1577–1594PubMedPubMedCentral Forman DE, de Lemos JA, Shaw LJ et al (2020) Cardiovascular biomarkers and imaging in older adults: JACC council perspectives. J Am Coll Cardiol 76:1577–1594PubMedPubMedCentral
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Strait JB, Lakatta EG (2012) Aging-associated cardiovascular changes and their relationship to heart failure. Heart Fail Clin 8:143–164PubMedPubMedCentral Strait JB, Lakatta EG (2012) Aging-associated cardiovascular changes and their relationship to heart failure. Heart Fail Clin 8:143–164PubMedPubMedCentral
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Ferro G, Duilio C, Spinelli L, Liucci GA, Mazza F, Indolfi C (1995) Relation between diastolic perfusion time and coronary artery stenosis during stress-induced myocardial ischemia. Circulation 92:342–347PubMed Ferro G, Duilio C, Spinelli L, Liucci GA, Mazza F, Indolfi C (1995) Relation between diastolic perfusion time and coronary artery stenosis during stress-induced myocardial ischemia. Circulation 92:342–347PubMed
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Kim JH, Malhotra R, Chiampas G et al (2012) Cardiac arrest during long-distance running races. N Engl J Med 366:130–140PubMed Kim JH, Malhotra R, Chiampas G et al (2012) Cardiac arrest during long-distance running races. N Engl J Med 366:130–140PubMed
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Maffessanti F, Muraru D, Esposito R et al (2013) Age-, body size-, and sex-specific reference values for right ventricular volumes and ejection fraction by three-dimensional echocardiography: a multicenter echocardiographic study in 507 healthy volunteers. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 6:700–710PubMed Maffessanti F, Muraru D, Esposito R et al (2013) Age-, body size-, and sex-specific reference values for right ventricular volumes and ejection fraction by three-dimensional echocardiography: a multicenter echocardiographic study in 507 healthy volunteers. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 6:700–710PubMed
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Voigt JU, Pedrizzetti G, Lysyansky P et al (2015) Definitions for a common standard for 2D speckle tracking echocardiography: consensus document of the EACVI/ASE/Industry Task Force to standardize deformation imaging. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 28:183–193PubMed Voigt JU, Pedrizzetti G, Lysyansky P et al (2015) Definitions for a common standard for 2D speckle tracking echocardiography: consensus document of the EACVI/ASE/Industry Task Force to standardize deformation imaging. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 28:183–193PubMed
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Sugimoto T, Dulgheru R, Bernard A et al (2017) Echocardiographic reference ranges for normal left ventricular 2D strain: results from the EACVI NORRE study. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 18:833–840PubMed Sugimoto T, Dulgheru R, Bernard A et al (2017) Echocardiographic reference ranges for normal left ventricular 2D strain: results from the EACVI NORRE study. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 18:833–840PubMed
26.
Zurück zum Zitat D'Elia N, Caselli S, Kosmala W et al (2020) Normal global longitudinal strain: an individual patient meta-analysis. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 13:167–169PubMed D'Elia N, Caselli S, Kosmala W et al (2020) Normal global longitudinal strain: an individual patient meta-analysis. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 13:167–169PubMed
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Nowak KL, Rossman MJ, Chonchol M, Seals DR (2018) Strategies for achieving healthy vascular aging. Hypertension 71:389–402PubMed Nowak KL, Rossman MJ, Chonchol M, Seals DR (2018) Strategies for achieving healthy vascular aging. Hypertension 71:389–402PubMed
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Parry-Williams G, Gati S, Sharma S (2021) The heart of the ageing endurance athlete: the role of chronic coronary stress. Eur Heart J 42:2737–2744PubMedPubMedCentral Parry-Williams G, Gati S, Sharma S (2021) The heart of the ageing endurance athlete: the role of chronic coronary stress. Eur Heart J 42:2737–2744PubMedPubMedCentral
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Fontana L (2018) Interventions to promote cardiometabolic health and slow cardiovascular ageing. Nat Rev Cardiol 15:566–577PubMed Fontana L (2018) Interventions to promote cardiometabolic health and slow cardiovascular ageing. Nat Rev Cardiol 15:566–577PubMed
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Gates PE, Tanaka H, Graves J, Seals DR (2003) Left ventricular structure and diastolic function with human ageing. Relation to habitual exercise and arterial stiffness. Eur Heart J 24:2213–2220PubMed Gates PE, Tanaka H, Graves J, Seals DR (2003) Left ventricular structure and diastolic function with human ageing. Relation to habitual exercise and arterial stiffness. Eur Heart J 24:2213–2220PubMed
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Shibata S, Fujimoto N, Hastings JL et al (2018) The effect of lifelong exercise frequency on arterial stiffness. J Physiol 596:2783–2795PubMedPubMedCentral Shibata S, Fujimoto N, Hastings JL et al (2018) The effect of lifelong exercise frequency on arterial stiffness. J Physiol 596:2783–2795PubMedPubMedCentral
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Arbab-Zadeh A, Dijk E, Prasad A et al (2004) Effect of aging and physical activity on left ventricular compliance. Circulation 110:1799–1805PubMed Arbab-Zadeh A, Dijk E, Prasad A et al (2004) Effect of aging and physical activity on left ventricular compliance. Circulation 110:1799–1805PubMed
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Wilson TM, Tanaka H (2000) Meta-analysis of the age-associated decline in maximal aerobic capacity in men: relation to training status. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 278:H829–H834PubMed Wilson TM, Tanaka H (2000) Meta-analysis of the age-associated decline in maximal aerobic capacity in men: relation to training status. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 278:H829–H834PubMed
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Piepoli MF, Hoes AW, Agewall S et al (2016) 2016 European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice: The Sixth Joint Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and Other Societies on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice (constituted by representatives of 10 societies and by invited experts) developed with the special contribution of the European Association for Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation (EACPR). Eur Heart J 37:2315–2381PubMedPubMedCentral Piepoli MF, Hoes AW, Agewall S et al (2016) 2016 European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice: The Sixth Joint Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and Other Societies on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice (constituted by representatives of 10 societies and by invited experts) developed with the special contribution of the European Association for Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation (EACPR). Eur Heart J 37:2315–2381PubMedPubMedCentral
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Sayer AA (2019) Sarcopenia. Lancet 393:2636–2646PubMed Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Sayer AA (2019) Sarcopenia. Lancet 393:2636–2646PubMed
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Bray NW, Smart RR, Jakobi JM, Jones GR (2016) Exercise prescription to reverse frailty. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 41:1112–1116PubMed Bray NW, Smart RR, Jakobi JM, Jones GR (2016) Exercise prescription to reverse frailty. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 41:1112–1116PubMed
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Crocker T, Forster A, Young J et al (2013) Physical rehabilitation for older people in long-term care. Cochrane Database Syst Rev:CD004294 Crocker T, Forster A, Young J et al (2013) Physical rehabilitation for older people in long-term care. Cochrane Database Syst Rev:CD004294
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Romera-Liebana L, Orfila F, Segura JM et al (2018) Effects of a primary care-based multifactorial intervention on physical and cognitive function in frail, elderly individuals: a randomized controlled trial. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 73:1688–1674PubMed Romera-Liebana L, Orfila F, Segura JM et al (2018) Effects of a primary care-based multifactorial intervention on physical and cognitive function in frail, elderly individuals: a randomized controlled trial. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 73:1688–1674PubMed
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Fragala MS, Cadore EL, Dorgo S et al (2019) Resistance training for older adults: position statement from the national strength and conditioning association. J Strength Cond Res 33:2019–2052PubMed Fragala MS, Cadore EL, Dorgo S et al (2019) Resistance training for older adults: position statement from the national strength and conditioning association. J Strength Cond Res 33:2019–2052PubMed
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Liu CJ, Latham NK (2009) Progressive resistance strength training for improving physical function in older adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev:CD002759 Liu CJ, Latham NK (2009) Progressive resistance strength training for improving physical function in older adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev:CD002759
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Caspersen CJ, Powell KE, Christenson GM (1985) Physical activity, exercise, and physical fitness: definitions and distinctions for health-related research. Public Health Rep 100:126–131PubMedPubMedCentral Caspersen CJ, Powell KE, Christenson GM (1985) Physical activity, exercise, and physical fitness: definitions and distinctions for health-related research. Public Health Rep 100:126–131PubMedPubMedCentral
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Buckley T, Soo Hoo SY, Shaw E, Hansen PS, Fethney J, Tofler GH (2019) Triggering of acute coronary occlusion by episodes of vigorous physical exertion. Heart Lung Circ 28:1773–1779PubMed Buckley T, Soo Hoo SY, Shaw E, Hansen PS, Fethney J, Tofler GH (2019) Triggering of acute coronary occlusion by episodes of vigorous physical exertion. Heart Lung Circ 28:1773–1779PubMed
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Giri S, Thompson PD, Kiernan FJ et al (1999) Clinical and angiographic characteristics of exertion-related acute myocardial infarction. JAMA 282:1731–1736PubMed Giri S, Thompson PD, Kiernan FJ et al (1999) Clinical and angiographic characteristics of exertion-related acute myocardial infarction. JAMA 282:1731–1736PubMed
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Mittleman MA, Maclure M, Tofler GH, Sherwood JB, Goldberg RJ, Muller JE (1993) Triggering of acute myocardial infarction by heavy physical exertion. Protection against triggering by regular exertion. Determinants of Myocardial Infarction Onset Study Investigators. N Engl J Med 329:1677–1683PubMed Mittleman MA, Maclure M, Tofler GH, Sherwood JB, Goldberg RJ, Muller JE (1993) Triggering of acute myocardial infarction by heavy physical exertion. Protection against triggering by regular exertion. Determinants of Myocardial Infarction Onset Study Investigators. N Engl J Med 329:1677–1683PubMed
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Marijon E, Tafflet M, Celermajer DS et al (2011) Sports-related sudden death in the general population. Circulation 124:672–681PubMed Marijon E, Tafflet M, Celermajer DS et al (2011) Sports-related sudden death in the general population. Circulation 124:672–681PubMed
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Bohm P, Scharhag J, Egger F et al (2021) Sports-related sudden cardiac arrest in Germany. Can J Cardiol 37:105–112PubMed Bohm P, Scharhag J, Egger F et al (2021) Sports-related sudden cardiac arrest in Germany. Can J Cardiol 37:105–112PubMed
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Narayanan K, Bougouin W, Sharifzadehgan A et al (2017) Sudden cardiac death during sports activities in the general population. Card Electrophysiol Clin 9:559–567PubMed Narayanan K, Bougouin W, Sharifzadehgan A et al (2017) Sudden cardiac death during sports activities in the general population. Card Electrophysiol Clin 9:559–567PubMed
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Powell KE, Paluch AE, Blair SN (2011) Physical activity for health: What kind? How much? How intense? On top of what? Annu Rev Public Health 32:349–365PubMed Powell KE, Paluch AE, Blair SN (2011) Physical activity for health: What kind? How much? How intense? On top of what? Annu Rev Public Health 32:349–365PubMed
49.
Zurück zum Zitat American College of Sports M, Chodzko-Zajko WJ, Proctor DN et al (2009) American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Exercise and physical activity for older adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc 41:1510–1530 American College of Sports M, Chodzko-Zajko WJ, Proctor DN et al (2009) American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Exercise and physical activity for older adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc 41:1510–1530
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Mont L, Pelliccia A, Sharma S et al (2017) Pre-participation cardiovascular evaluation for athletic participants to prevent sudden death: position paper from the EHRA and the EACPR, branches of the ESC. Endorsed by APHRS, HRS, and SOLAECE. Eur J Prev Cardiol 24:41–69PubMed Mont L, Pelliccia A, Sharma S et al (2017) Pre-participation cardiovascular evaluation for athletic participants to prevent sudden death: position paper from the EHRA and the EACPR, branches of the ESC. Endorsed by APHRS, HRS, and SOLAECE. Eur J Prev Cardiol 24:41–69PubMed
51.
Zurück zum Zitat SCORE-OP2 Working Group and ESC Cardiovascular Risk Collaboration (2021) SCORE2-OP risk prediction algorithms: estimating incident cardiovascular event risk in older persons in four geographical risk regions. Eur Heart J 42:2455–2467 SCORE-OP2 Working Group and ESC Cardiovascular Risk Collaboration (2021) SCORE2-OP risk prediction algorithms: estimating incident cardiovascular event risk in older persons in four geographical risk regions. Eur Heart J 42:2455–2467
52.
Zurück zum Zitat Borjesson M, Urhausen A, Kouidi E et al (2011) Cardiovascular evaluation of middle-aged/senior individuals engaged in leisure-time sport activities: position stand from the sections of exercise physiology and sports cardiology of the European Association of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 18:446–458PubMed Borjesson M, Urhausen A, Kouidi E et al (2011) Cardiovascular evaluation of middle-aged/senior individuals engaged in leisure-time sport activities: position stand from the sections of exercise physiology and sports cardiology of the European Association of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 18:446–458PubMed
53.
Zurück zum Zitat Orkaby AR, Forman DE (2018) Physical activity and CVD in older adults: an expert's perspective. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 16:1–10PubMed Orkaby AR, Forman DE (2018) Physical activity and CVD in older adults: an expert's perspective. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 16:1–10PubMed
54.
Zurück zum Zitat Killingback C, Tsofliou F, Clark C (2021) ‚Everyone's so kind and jolly it boosts my spirits, if you know what I mean‘: a humanising perspective on exercise programme participation. Scand J Caring Sci 36(1):162–172 Killingback C, Tsofliou F, Clark C (2021) ‚Everyone's so kind and jolly it boosts my spirits, if you know what I mean‘: a humanising perspective on exercise programme participation. Scand J Caring Sci 36(1):162–172
55.
Zurück zum Zitat Wen CP, Wai JP, Tsai MK et al (2011) Minimum amount of physical activity for reduced mortality and extended life expectancy: a prospective cohort study. Lancet 378:1244–1253PubMed Wen CP, Wai JP, Tsai MK et al (2011) Minimum amount of physical activity for reduced mortality and extended life expectancy: a prospective cohort study. Lancet 378:1244–1253PubMed
56.
Zurück zum Zitat Lee DC, Pate RR, Lavie CJ, Sui X, Church TS, Blair SN (2014) Leisure-time running reduces all-cause and cardiovascular mortality risk. J Am Coll Cardiol 64:472–481PubMedPubMedCentral Lee DC, Pate RR, Lavie CJ, Sui X, Church TS, Blair SN (2014) Leisure-time running reduces all-cause and cardiovascular mortality risk. J Am Coll Cardiol 64:472–481PubMedPubMedCentral
57.
Zurück zum Zitat Hong AR, Kim SW (2018) Effects of resistance exercise on bone health. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 33:435–444PubMed Hong AR, Kim SW (2018) Effects of resistance exercise on bone health. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 33:435–444PubMed
58.
Zurück zum Zitat Howe TE, Shea B, Dawson LJ et al (2011) Exercise for preventing and treating osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev:CD000333 Howe TE, Shea B, Dawson LJ et al (2011) Exercise for preventing and treating osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev:CD000333
59.
Zurück zum Zitat Huang Y, Liu X (2015) Improvement of balance control ability and flexibility in the elderly Tai Chi Chuan (TCC) practitioners: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 60:233–238PubMed Huang Y, Liu X (2015) Improvement of balance control ability and flexibility in the elderly Tai Chi Chuan (TCC) practitioners: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 60:233–238PubMed
60.
Zurück zum Zitat Huang ZG, Feng YH, Li YH, Lv CS (2017) Systematic review and meta-analysis: Tai Chi for preventing falls in older adults. BMJ Open 7:e013661PubMedPubMedCentral Huang ZG, Feng YH, Li YH, Lv CS (2017) Systematic review and meta-analysis: Tai Chi for preventing falls in older adults. BMJ Open 7:e013661PubMedPubMedCentral
61.
Zurück zum Zitat Killingback C, Tsofliou F, Clark C (2017) Older people's adherence to community-based group exercise programmes: a multiple-case study. BMC Public Health 17:115PubMedPubMedCentral Killingback C, Tsofliou F, Clark C (2017) Older people's adherence to community-based group exercise programmes: a multiple-case study. BMC Public Health 17:115PubMedPubMedCentral
62.
Zurück zum Zitat Franklin BA, Thompson PD, Al-Zaiti SS et al (2020) Exercise-related acute cardiovascular events and potential deleterious adaptations following long-term exercise training: placing the risks into perspective-an update: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation 141:e705–ee36PubMed Franklin BA, Thompson PD, Al-Zaiti SS et al (2020) Exercise-related acute cardiovascular events and potential deleterious adaptations following long-term exercise training: placing the risks into perspective-an update: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation 141:e705–ee36PubMed
63.
Zurück zum Zitat Pandolf KB, Cafarelli E, Noble BJ, Metz KF (1975) Hyperthermia: effect on exercise prescription. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 56:524–526PubMed Pandolf KB, Cafarelli E, Noble BJ, Metz KF (1975) Hyperthermia: effect on exercise prescription. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 56:524–526PubMed
64.
Zurück zum Zitat Levine BD, Zuckerman JH, deFilippi CR (1997) Effect of high-altitude exposure in the elderly: the Tenth Mountain Division study. Circulation 96:1224–1232PubMed Levine BD, Zuckerman JH, deFilippi CR (1997) Effect of high-altitude exposure in the elderly: the Tenth Mountain Division study. Circulation 96:1224–1232PubMed
65.
Zurück zum Zitat Lo MY, Daniels JD, Levine BD, Burtscher M (2013) Sleeping altitude and sudden cardiac death. Am Heart J 166:71–75PubMed Lo MY, Daniels JD, Levine BD, Burtscher M (2013) Sleeping altitude and sudden cardiac death. Am Heart J 166:71–75PubMed
66.
Zurück zum Zitat Piepoli MF, Conraads V, Corra U et al (2011) Exercise training in heart failure: from theory to practice. A consensus document of the Heart Failure Association and the European Association for Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation. Eur J Heart Fail 13:347–357PubMed Piepoli MF, Conraads V, Corra U et al (2011) Exercise training in heart failure: from theory to practice. A consensus document of the Heart Failure Association and the European Association for Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation. Eur J Heart Fail 13:347–357PubMed
67.
Zurück zum Zitat Ganse B, Degens H, Drey M et al (2014) Impact of age, performance and athletic event on injury rates in master athletics – first results from an ongoing prospective study. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 14:148–154PubMed Ganse B, Degens H, Drey M et al (2014) Impact of age, performance and athletic event on injury rates in master athletics – first results from an ongoing prospective study. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 14:148–154PubMed
Metadaten
Titel
Sport im Alter
verfasst von
Hasema Persch
Jürgen Michael Steinacker
Copyright-Jahr
2023
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-65165-0_27

Arthropedia

Grundlagenwissen der Arthroskopie und Gelenkchirurgie. Erweitert durch Fallbeispiele, Videos und Abbildungen. 
» Jetzt entdecken

TEP mit Roboterhilfe führt nicht zu größerer Zufriedenheit

15.05.2024 Knie-TEP Nachrichten

Der Einsatz von Operationsrobotern für den Einbau von Totalendoprothesen des Kniegelenks hat die Präzision der Eingriffe erhöht. Für die postoperative Zufriedenheit der Patienten scheint das aber unerheblich zu sein, wie eine Studie zeigt.

Lever-Sign-Test hilft beim Verdacht auf Kreuzbandriss

15.05.2024 Vordere Kreuzbandruptur Nachrichten

Mit dem Hebelzeichen-Test lässt sich offenbar recht zuverlässig feststellen, ob ein vorderes Kreuzband gerissen ist. In einer Metaanalyse war die Vorhersagekraft vor allem bei positivem Testergebnis hoch.

Ein Drittel der jungen Ärztinnen und Ärzte erwägt abzuwandern

07.05.2024 Klinik aktuell Nachrichten

Extreme Arbeitsverdichtung und kaum Supervision: Dr. Andrea Martini, Sprecherin des Bündnisses Junge Ärztinnen und Ärzte (BJÄ) über den Frust des ärztlichen Nachwuchses und die Vorteile des Rucksack-Modells.

Aquatherapie bei Fibromyalgie wirksamer als Trockenübungen

03.05.2024 Fibromyalgiesyndrom Nachrichten

Bewegungs-, Dehnungs- und Entspannungsübungen im Wasser lindern die Beschwerden von Patientinnen mit Fibromyalgie besser als das Üben auf trockenem Land. Das geht aus einer spanisch-brasilianischen Vergleichsstudie hervor.

Update Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.