Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Current HIV/AIDS Reports 3/2018

08.05.2018 | The Global Epidemic (SH Vermund, Section Editor)

Syringe Decriminalization Advocacy in Red States: Lessons from the North Carolina Harm Reduction Coalition

verfasst von: David H. Cloud, Tessie Castillo, Lauren Brinkley-Rubinstein, Manisha Dubey, Robert Childs

Erschienen in: Current HIV/AIDS Reports | Ausgabe 3/2018

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Purpose of Review

Syringe access programs (SAPs) are cornerstone harm reduction interventions for combatting the national opioid epidemic. The goal of this paper is to describe effective advocacy strategies for enacting syringe decriminalization legislation to foster the expansion of SAPs in high-need areas amidst political opposition.

Recent Findings

Decades or research shows that SAPs prevent the transmission of HIV among people who inject drugs (PWID) and are a cost-effective tool for linking PWID to medical care, health education, and social services. In the USA, state laws criminalizing distribution and possession of syringes impede the expansion of SAPs into areas where they are sorely needed.

Summary

In 2016, North Carolina became the first state to legalize SAPs with a Republican super majority. This paper distills strategies for community organizations seeking to advance syringe decriminalization legislation in politically conservative states with histories of prioritizing punitive sanctions over public health responses to drug use.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Zibbell JE, Iqbal K, Patel RC, Suryaprasad A, Sanders KJ, Moore-Moravian L, et al. Increases in hepatitis C virus infection related to injection drug use among persons aged ≤ 30 years-Kentucky, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia, 2006–2012. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2015;64(17):453–8.PubMedPubMedCentral Zibbell JE, Iqbal K, Patel RC, Suryaprasad A, Sanders KJ, Moore-Moravian L, et al. Increases in hepatitis C virus infection related to injection drug use among persons aged ≤ 30 years-Kentucky, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia, 2006–2012. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2015;64(17):453–8.PubMedPubMedCentral
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Onofrey S, Aneja J, Haney GA, Nagami EH, DeMaria A, Lauer GM, et al. Underascertainment of acute hepatitis C virus infections in the US surveillance system a case series and chart review. Ann Intern Med. 2015;163(4):254–61.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Onofrey S, Aneja J, Haney GA, Nagami EH, DeMaria A, Lauer GM, et al. Underascertainment of acute hepatitis C virus infections in the US surveillance system a case series and chart review. Ann Intern Med. 2015;163(4):254–61.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Rhea S, Fleischauer A, Foust E, Davies M. Hepatitis C in North Carolina two epidemics with one public health response. N C Med J. 2016;77(3):190–2.PubMed Rhea S, Fleischauer A, Foust E, Davies M. Hepatitis C in North Carolina two epidemics with one public health response. N C Med J. 2016;77(3):190–2.PubMed
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Mathers BM, Degenhardt L, Bucello C, Lemon J, Wiessing L, Hickman M. Mortality among people who inject drugs: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Bull World Health Organ. 2013;91(2):102–23.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Mathers BM, Degenhardt L, Bucello C, Lemon J, Wiessing L, Hickman M. Mortality among people who inject drugs: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Bull World Health Organ. 2013;91(2):102–23.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Gordon RJ, Lowy FD. Bacterial infections in drug users. N Engl J Med. 2005;353(18):1945–54.CrossRefPubMed Gordon RJ, Lowy FD. Bacterial infections in drug users. N Engl J Med. 2005;353(18):1945–54.CrossRefPubMed
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Altice FL, Kamarulzaman A, Soriano VV, Schechter M, Friedland GH. Treatment of medical, psychiatric, and substance-use comorbidities in people infected with HIV who use drugs. Lancet. 2010;376(9738):367–87.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Altice FL, Kamarulzaman A, Soriano VV, Schechter M, Friedland GH. Treatment of medical, psychiatric, and substance-use comorbidities in people infected with HIV who use drugs. Lancet. 2010;376(9738):367–87.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Gibson DR, Flynn NM, Perales D. Effectiveness of syringe exchange programs in reducing HIV risk behavior and HIV seroconversion among injecting drug users. AIDS. 2001;15(11):1329–41.CrossRefPubMed Gibson DR, Flynn NM, Perales D. Effectiveness of syringe exchange programs in reducing HIV risk behavior and HIV seroconversion among injecting drug users. AIDS. 2001;15(11):1329–41.CrossRefPubMed
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Bastos FI, Strathdee SA. Evaluating effectiveness of syringe exchange programmes: current issues and future prospects. Soc Sci Med. 2000;51(12):1771–82.CrossRefPubMed Bastos FI, Strathdee SA. Evaluating effectiveness of syringe exchange programmes: current issues and future prospects. Soc Sci Med. 2000;51(12):1771–82.CrossRefPubMed
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Heimer R, Khoshnood K, Bigg D, Guydish J, Junge B. Syringe use and reuse: effects of syringe exchange programs in four cities. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 1998;18:S37–44.CrossRef Heimer R, Khoshnood K, Bigg D, Guydish J, Junge B. Syringe use and reuse: effects of syringe exchange programs in four cities. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 1998;18:S37–44.CrossRef
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Watters JK, Estilo MJ, Clark GL, Lorvick J. Syringe and needle exchange as HIV/AIDS prevention for injection drug users. JAMA. 1994;271(2):115–20.CrossRefPubMed Watters JK, Estilo MJ, Clark GL, Lorvick J. Syringe and needle exchange as HIV/AIDS prevention for injection drug users. JAMA. 1994;271(2):115–20.CrossRefPubMed
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Wodak, A., Cooney, A., & World Health Organization. (2004). Effectiveness of sterile needle and syringe programming in reducing HIV. Wodak, A., Cooney, A., & World Health Organization. (2004). Effectiveness of sterile needle and syringe programming in reducing HIV.
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Holtzman D, Barry V, Ouellet LJ, Des Jarlais DC, Vlahov D, Golub ET, et al. The influence of needle exchange programs on injection risk behaviors and infection with hepatitis C virus among young injection drug users in select cities in the United States, 1994–2004. Prev Med. 2009;49(1):68–73.CrossRefPubMed Holtzman D, Barry V, Ouellet LJ, Des Jarlais DC, Vlahov D, Golub ET, et al. The influence of needle exchange programs on injection risk behaviors and infection with hepatitis C virus among young injection drug users in select cities in the United States, 1994–2004. Prev Med. 2009;49(1):68–73.CrossRefPubMed
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Clark AK, Wilder CM, Winstanley EL. A systematic review of community opioid overdose prevention and naloxone distribution programs. J Addict Med. 2014;8(3):153–63.CrossRefPubMed Clark AK, Wilder CM, Winstanley EL. A systematic review of community opioid overdose prevention and naloxone distribution programs. J Addict Med. 2014;8(3):153–63.CrossRefPubMed
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Strathdee SA, Ricketts EP, Huettner S, Cornelius L, Bishai D, Havens JR, et al. Facilitating entry into drug treatment among injection drug users referred from a needle exchange program: results from a community-based behavioral intervention trial. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2006;83(3):225–32.CrossRefPubMed Strathdee SA, Ricketts EP, Huettner S, Cornelius L, Bishai D, Havens JR, et al. Facilitating entry into drug treatment among injection drug users referred from a needle exchange program: results from a community-based behavioral intervention trial. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2006;83(3):225–32.CrossRefPubMed
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Strathdee SA, Celentano DD, Shah N, Lyles C, Stambolis VA, Macalino G, et al. Needle-exchange attendance and health care utilization promote entry into detoxification. Journal of Urban Health. 1999;76(4):448–60.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Strathdee SA, Celentano DD, Shah N, Lyles C, Stambolis VA, Macalino G, et al. Needle-exchange attendance and health care utilization promote entry into detoxification. Journal of Urban Health. 1999;76(4):448–60.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Marx MA, Crape B, Brookmeyer RS, Junge B, Latkin C, Vlahov D, et al. Trends in crime and the introduction of a needle exchange program. Am J Public Health. 2000;90(12):1933–6.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Marx MA, Crape B, Brookmeyer RS, Junge B, Latkin C, Vlahov D, et al. Trends in crime and the introduction of a needle exchange program. Am J Public Health. 2000;90(12):1933–6.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Galea S, Ahern J, Fuller C, Freudenberg N, Vlahov D. Needle exchange programs and experience of violence in an inner city neighborhood. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2001;28(3):282–8.CrossRefPubMed Galea S, Ahern J, Fuller C, Freudenberg N, Vlahov D. Needle exchange programs and experience of violence in an inner city neighborhood. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2001;28(3):282–8.CrossRefPubMed
24.
Zurück zum Zitat The American Public Health Association. Policy Statement. Syringe and Needle Exchange and HIV Disease. The American Public Health Association. Policy Statement. Syringe and Needle Exchange and HIV Disease.
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Wejnert C. Vital signs: trends in HIV diagnoses, risk behaviors, and prevention among persons who inject drugs—United States. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2016;65:1336–42.CrossRefPubMed Wejnert C. Vital signs: trends in HIV diagnoses, risk behaviors, and prevention among persons who inject drugs—United States. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2016;65:1336–42.CrossRefPubMed
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Heller D, Paone D. Access to sterile syringes for injecting drug users in new York City: politics and perception (1984–2010). Substance Use & Misuse. 2011;46(2–3):140–9.CrossRef Heller D, Paone D. Access to sterile syringes for injecting drug users in new York City: politics and perception (1984–2010). Substance Use & Misuse. 2011;46(2–3):140–9.CrossRef
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Des Jarlais DC, McKnight C, Goldblatt C, Purchase D. Doing harm reduction better: syringe exchange in the United States. Addiction. 2009;104(9):1441–6.CrossRefPubMed Des Jarlais DC, McKnight C, Goldblatt C, Purchase D. Doing harm reduction better: syringe exchange in the United States. Addiction. 2009;104(9):1441–6.CrossRefPubMed
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Friedman SR, Southwell M, Bueno R, Paone D, Byrne J, Crofts N. Harm reduction—a historical view from the left. International Journal of Drug Policy. 2001;12(1):3–14.CrossRefPubMed Friedman SR, Southwell M, Bueno R, Paone D, Byrne J, Crofts N. Harm reduction—a historical view from the left. International Journal of Drug Policy. 2001;12(1):3–14.CrossRefPubMed
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Buchanan D, Shaw S, Ford A, Singer M. Empirical science meets moral panic: an analysis of the politics of needle exchange. J Public Health Policy. 2003:427–44. Buchanan D, Shaw S, Ford A, Singer M. Empirical science meets moral panic: an analysis of the politics of needle exchange. J Public Health Policy. 2003:427–44.
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Taussig JA, Weinstein B, Burris S, Jones TS. Syringe laws and pharmacy regulations are structural constraints on HIV prevention in the US. AIDS. 2000;14:S47–51.CrossRefPubMed Taussig JA, Weinstein B, Burris S, Jones TS. Syringe laws and pharmacy regulations are structural constraints on HIV prevention in the US. AIDS. 2000;14:S47–51.CrossRefPubMed
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Beletsky L, Cochrane J, Sawyer AL, Serio-Chapman C, Smelyanskaya M, Han J, et al. Police encounters among needle exchange clients in Baltimore: drug law enforcement as a structural determinant of health. Am J Public Health. 2015;105(9):1872–9.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Beletsky L, Cochrane J, Sawyer AL, Serio-Chapman C, Smelyanskaya M, Han J, et al. Police encounters among needle exchange clients in Baltimore: drug law enforcement as a structural determinant of health. Am J Public Health. 2015;105(9):1872–9.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Bramson H, Des Jarlais DC, Arasteh K, Nugent A, Guardino V, Feelemyer J, et al. State laws, syringe exchange, and HIV among persons who inject drugs in the United States: history and effectiveness. J Public Health Policy. 2015;36(2):212–30.CrossRefPubMed Bramson H, Des Jarlais DC, Arasteh K, Nugent A, Guardino V, Feelemyer J, et al. State laws, syringe exchange, and HIV among persons who inject drugs in the United States: history and effectiveness. J Public Health Policy. 2015;36(2):212–30.CrossRefPubMed
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Kerr T, Small W, Wood E. The public health and social impacts of drug market enforcement: a review of the evidence. International journal of drug policy. 2005;16(4):210–20.CrossRef Kerr T, Small W, Wood E. The public health and social impacts of drug market enforcement: a review of the evidence. International journal of drug policy. 2005;16(4):210–20.CrossRef
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Burris S, Blankenship KM, Donoghoe M, Sherman S, Vernick JS, Case P, et al. Addressing the “risk environment” for injection drug users: the mysterious case of the missing cop. The Milbank Quarterly. 2004;82(1):125–56.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Burris S, Blankenship KM, Donoghoe M, Sherman S, Vernick JS, Case P, et al. Addressing the “risk environment” for injection drug users: the mysterious case of the missing cop. The Milbank Quarterly. 2004;82(1):125–56.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Cooper H, Moore L, Gruskin S, Krieger N. The impact of a police drug crackdown on drug injectors’ ability to practice harm reduction: a qualitative study. Soc Sci Med. 2005;61(3):673–84.CrossRefPubMed Cooper H, Moore L, Gruskin S, Krieger N. The impact of a police drug crackdown on drug injectors’ ability to practice harm reduction: a qualitative study. Soc Sci Med. 2005;61(3):673–84.CrossRefPubMed
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Bluthenthal RN, Ridgeway G, Schell T, Anderson R, Flynn NM, Kral AH. Examination of the association between syringe exchange program (SEP) dispensation policy and SEP client-level syringe coverage among injection drug users. Addiction. 2007;102(4):638–46.CrossRefPubMed Bluthenthal RN, Ridgeway G, Schell T, Anderson R, Flynn NM, Kral AH. Examination of the association between syringe exchange program (SEP) dispensation policy and SEP client-level syringe coverage among injection drug users. Addiction. 2007;102(4):638–46.CrossRefPubMed
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Bluthenthal RN, Malik R, Grau LE, Singer M, Marshall P, Heimer R. Sterile syringe access conditions and variations in HIV risks among drug injectors in three cities. Addiction. 2004;99:1136–46.CrossRefPubMed Bluthenthal RN, Malik R, Grau LE, Singer M, Marshall P, Heimer R. Sterile syringe access conditions and variations in HIV risks among drug injectors in three cities. Addiction. 2004;99:1136–46.CrossRefPubMed
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Kral AH, Anderson R, Flynn NM, Bluthenthal RN. Injection risk behaviors among clients of syringe exchange programs with different syringe dispensation policies. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. 2004;37:1307–12.CrossRef Kral AH, Anderson R, Flynn NM, Bluthenthal RN. Injection risk behaviors among clients of syringe exchange programs with different syringe dispensation policies. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. 2004;37:1307–12.CrossRef
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Davis CS, Johnston J, de Saxe Zerden L, Clark K, Castillo T, Childs R. Attitudes of North Carolina law enforcement officers toward syringe decriminalization. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2014;144:265–9.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Davis CS, Johnston J, de Saxe Zerden L, Clark K, Castillo T, Childs R. Attitudes of North Carolina law enforcement officers toward syringe decriminalization. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2014;144:265–9.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
Metadaten
Titel
Syringe Decriminalization Advocacy in Red States: Lessons from the North Carolina Harm Reduction Coalition
verfasst von
David H. Cloud
Tessie Castillo
Lauren Brinkley-Rubinstein
Manisha Dubey
Robert Childs
Publikationsdatum
08.05.2018
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Current HIV/AIDS Reports / Ausgabe 3/2018
Print ISSN: 1548-3568
Elektronische ISSN: 1548-3576
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11904-018-0397-9

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 3/2018

Current HIV/AIDS Reports 3/2018 Zur Ausgabe

Complications of Antiretroviral Therapy (GA McComsey, Section Editor)

Continued Interest and Controversy: Vitamin D in HIV

Complications of Antiretroviral Therapy (GA McComsey, Section Editor)

NAFLD and HIV: Do Sex, Race, and Ethnicity Explain HIV-Related Risk?

Leitlinien kompakt für die Innere Medizin

Mit medbee Pocketcards sicher entscheiden.

Seit 2022 gehört die medbee GmbH zum Springer Medizin Verlag

Gestationsdiabetes: In der zweiten Schwangerschaft folgenreicher als in der ersten

13.05.2024 Gestationsdiabetes Nachrichten

Das Risiko, nach einem Gestationsdiabetes einen Typ-2-Diabetes zu entwickeln, hängt nicht nur von der Zahl, sondern auch von der Reihenfolge der betroffenen Schwangerschaften ab.

Labor, CT-Anthropometrie zeigen Risiko für Pankreaskrebs

13.05.2024 Pankreaskarzinom Nachrichten

Gerade bei aggressiven Malignomen wie dem duktalen Adenokarzinom des Pankreas könnte Früherkennung die Therapiechancen verbessern. Noch jedoch klafft hier eine Lücke. Ein Studienteam hat einen Weg gesucht, sie zu schließen.

Battle of Experts: Sport vs. Spritze bei Adipositas und Typ-2-Diabetes

11.05.2024 DDG-Jahrestagung 2024 Kongressbericht

Im Battle of Experts traten zwei Experten auf dem Diabeteskongress gegeneinander an: Die eine vertrat die Auffassung „Sport statt Spritze“ bei Adipositas und Typ-2-Diabetes, der andere forderte „Spritze statt Sport!“ Am Ende waren sie sich aber einig: Die Kombination aus beidem erzielt die besten Ergebnisse.

Vorsicht, erhöhte Blutungsgefahr nach PCI!

10.05.2024 Koronare Herzerkrankung Nachrichten

Nach PCI besteht ein erhöhtes Blutungsrisiko, wenn die Behandelten eine verminderte linksventrikuläre Ejektionsfraktion aufweisen. Das Risiko ist umso höher, je stärker die Pumpfunktion eingeschränkt ist.

Update Innere Medizin

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.