Background
Methods
Results
Participants | Study characteristic | Out comes | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Author, year, Country | Group No. | Mean age | BMI | Participant | Ges.Age | History | Typ | *D.M-GDM | Setting | Intervention | Neonate | GDM N (%) | OR (CI 95%) P-value |
Kirsti Krohn Garnæs (2016) Norway [27] | Int: 46 Con: 45 | 31.3 ± 3.8 31.4 ± 4.7 | 33.9 ± 3.8 35.1 ± 4.6 | NP* and MP* | Baseline 12–18 weeks Late pregnancy 34–37 | – | Clinical trial (RCT) | Based on the IADPSG | Trondheim University Hospital | The exercise group was offered thrice weekly supervised sessions of 35 min of moderate intensity endurance exercise and 25 min of strength training Women received Standard Care Controls | – | 2 (6.1) 9 (27.3) | 0.1 (0.02–0.95) 0.04 |
Ruben Barakat (2013) Spain [28] | Int: 255 Cont:255 | 31 ± 3 31 ± 4 | 24.1 ± 4.1 23.7 ± 3.8 | NP and MP | 10–12 weeks | – | RCT | WHO criteria and IADPSG | Centro de Los Pedroches and Centro de Salud Leganés Norte, Leganés, Madrid | Moderate-intensity resistance and aerobic exercises (three times/week, 50–55 min/session) Women in control group received the routine care | Apgar score 1 min Apgar score 5 min Birth weight (g) Gestational age (days) Cesarean delivery (n, %) | 41 (19.5) 61 (28) 29 (13.8) 32 (14.7) | 0.98 (0.40–0.62) 0.040 Based on WHO criteria 0.797 IADPSG criteria |
Niamh Daly (2017) Ireland [29] | Int:44 Cont:44 | 30.0 ± 5.1 29.4 ± 8.4 | 34.7 ± 4.6 34.7 ± 5.1 | NP | less Than 17 weeks | – | RCT | Based on the IADPSG | Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin | 50–60 min of exercise: warm-up, resistance or weights, aerobic exercises, and cool-down. All women received routine prenatal care | Birth weight (g) Gestation at birth (week) Gestation at birth (week) Apgar scores | 25 (58.8) 21 (48.8) | P = 0.51 |
Oostdam (2012) Netherlands [30] | Int: 59 Cont: 62 | 30.8 ± 5.2 30.1 ± 5.4 | 33 ± 3.7 33.9 ± 5.6 | NP and MP | After 20 weeks | History of macrosomia OR history of GDM; OR first-grade relative with T2D | RCT | Based on the IADPSG | VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam | The intervention group twice weekly exercises for 60 min Training consisted of aerobic and strength exercises | Gestational age Birthweight, g Caesarean section, % (n) GDM, % (n) | 7 (14.6) 11 (21.6) | 0.27 (1.55–0.65) 0.37 |
Chen Wang (2016) China [32] | Int: 133 Cont: 132 | 32.14 ± 4.57 32.50 ± 4.91 | 26.82 ± 2.76 26.75 ± 2.75 | NP and MP | < 12 + 6 weeks | – | RCT | Based on the IADPSG | Peking University first hospital | The women in the intervention group performed exercises for 50 min three times a week and in a hospital under the supervision of one of the researchers until the end of the week of 37 weeks of pregnancy | Gestational age, Apgar score, birthweight, Apgar score | 29 (22) 54 (40.6) | 0.412 (0.240–0.705) 0.001 |
David Simmons (2016) New Zealand, UK, Austria, Poland, Italy, Denmark, Belgium, Netherlands Australia [34] | 439 Healthy eating N: 113 Physical activity N: 110 HE&PA: 108 Usual care: 105 | Age total: 32.0 ± 5.4 | 33.7 ± 4.0 | NP and MP | < 20 weeks | History of GDM | The DALI Lifestyle Study RCT | Based on the IADPSG | Antenatal clinics a cross 11 centers in 9 European counteries | Interventions start from 20 weeks and up and continue until the 35th week. Both aerobic and resistance physical activity (frequency, intensity, time, type) based on ACOG | Birth weight, gestational age | 99 (21.9) 100 (19) | 1.21 (0.55–2.67) 0.05 > P |
Seneviratn (2016) New Zealand [33] | Int: 37 Cont: 38 | – | 32.4 ± 4.6 34.5 ± 6.2 | NP and MP | From 20 weeks | – | RCT | – | Home-based intervention in Auckland | In this study, individuals in the intervention group performed moderate-intensity home-based exercise programs from week 20 to 35 in moderate intensity three to five times a week, and each time for 15 to 15 min using a steady-state magnetic bicycle | Gestational age (days) Birth weight (g) Occipito-frontal circumference (cm) Ponderal index (g/cm3) BMI at birth (kg/m2) Placental weight (g) Apgar score Hypoglycaemia Respiratory distress | 4 (11) 2 (5) | 2.1 (0.3–12.8) P = 0.432 |
Leonie, Callawa, Fracp Australia [31] | Int: 25 Cont: 25 | – | – | NP and MP | 12 weeks’ gestation and followed to delivery | – | Pilot randomized controlled trial | Australasian Diabetes in Pregnancy Society criteria were used for the diagnosis and management of GDM | Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital | Exercise for the intervention group with the goal of energy consumption up to 900 kcal/week | – | 3 (12) 5 (23) 0 (0) 3 (16) | 0.07 12 weeks 0.57 28 weeks 0.07 12 weeks 0.57 28 weeks |
Author, year | Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) | Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) | Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) | Selective reporting (reporting bias) | Other bias |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Callway et al. 2010 | − | + | + | − | − | − | − |
Oostdam et al. 2012 | − | + | + | − | + | − | − |
Barakat et al. 2013 | − | + | + | − | + | − | − |
Seneviratne et al. 2015 | − | − | + | − | − | − | − |
Simmons et al. 2018 | − | − | + | − | − | − | − |
Wang et al. 2017 | − | ? | + | − | + | − | − |
Krohn Garnæs1 et al. 2018 | − | ? | + | − | + | − | − |
Daly et al. 2018 | − | − | + | − | + | − | − |