Background
Methods
Study population
Treatment protocol
Measurements
Statistical analysis
Results
Study population
Characteristics | GIK group | Control group |
---|---|---|
Age, years ± SD | 60 ± 12 | 61 ± 12 |
Men | 351 (73.7) | 368 (79.3) |
Referred patients | 201 (42.3) | 180 (38.8) |
Body mass index | 26.7 ± 3.8 | 27.0 ± 4.0 |
Previous MI | 52 (10.9) | 53 (11.4) |
Previous PCI | 22 (4.7) | 24 (5.2) |
Previous CABG | 14 (2.9) | 12 (2.6) |
History of stroke | 17 (3.6) | 15 (3.2) |
Diabetes mellitus | 50 (10.5) | 49 (10.6) |
Hypertension | 134 (28.2) | 130 (28.0) |
Dyslipidaemia | 94 (19.7) | 95 (20.5) |
Currently smoker | 225 (47.3) | 237 (51.1) |
Positive family history | 195 (41.0) | 179 (38.6) |
Time to admission, min (IQR)* | 150 (100–215) | 150 (105–234) |
Door to balloon time, min (IQR) | 45 (31–64) | 48 (34–69) |
Killip class 1 | 426 (89.5) | 430 (92.7) |
Killip class 2 | 24 (5.0) | 14 (3.0) |
Killip class 3 | 14 (2.9) | 14 (3.0) |
Killip class 4 | 12 (2.5) | 6 (1.3) |
Anterior MI | 250 (52.9) | 224 (49.1) |
Multi-vessel disease | 249 (52.3) | 242 (52.2) |
PCI | 436 (91.6) | 424 (91.4) |
Stent ** | 255 (58.5) | 236 (55.7) |
GP IIb/IIIa receptor blocker ** | 96 (22.1) | 109 (25.7) |
In-hospital CABG | 19 (4.0) | 19 (4.1) |
TIMI 3 flow | 459 (96.4) | 435 (93.8) |
Successful reperfusion‡ | 394 (82.8) | 384 (82.8) |
Intra-aortic balloon pump | 45 (9.5) | 42 (9.1) |
Mechanical ventilation | 12 (2.5) | 4 (0.9) |
Enzyme release
Characteristic | High enzyme release (N = 232) | Low enzyme release (N = 708) | P-value |
---|---|---|---|
Age, years ± SD | 59 ± 12 | 61 ± 12 | 0.17 |
Men | 179 (77) | 540 (76) | 0.86 |
Hypertension | 64 (28) | 200 (28) | 0.87 |
Previous MI | 24 (10) | 81 (11) | 0.72 |
Diabetes mellitus | 28 (12) | 71 (10) | 0.39 |
Killip class 1 | 192 (83) | 664 (94) | <0.001 |
Anterior MI | 161 (69) | 313 (44) | <0.001 |
TIMI 0 before PCI | 189 (82) | 377 (53) | <0.001 |
TIMI 3 after PCI | 219 (94) | 675 (95) | 0.6 |
GIK treatment | 121 (52) | 355 (50) | 0.6 |
Left ventricular ejection fraction
Characteristic | Low LVEF (N = 125) | Preserved LVEF (N = 698) | P-value |
---|---|---|---|
Age, years ± SD | 63 ± 12 | 59 ± 12 | 0.008 |
Men | 98 (78) | 537 (77) | 0.7 |
Hypertension | 43 (34) | 182 (26) | 0.05 |
Previous MI | 18 (14) | 63 (9) | 0.06 |
Diabetes mellitus | 29 (23) | 57 (8) | 0.008 |
Killip class 1 | 109 (87) | 660 (95) | 0.002 |
Anterior MI | 115 (92) | 291 (42) | <0.001 |
TIMI 0 before PCI | 40 (32) | 291 (42) | 0.04 |
TIMI 3 after PCI | 114 (91) | 677 (97) | 0.002 |
GIK treatment | 51 (41) | 368 (53) | 0.01 |