Background
Methods
Participants and procedure
Measures
Ethics
Statistics
Results
Response optionsa | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | Total | |||
Variables | % | % | % | % | % | N | Median | IQR* |
Sadness 1 | 24.5 | 48.9 | 23.5 | 2.7 | 0.5 | 413 | 2 | 2-3 |
Anxiety 1 | 54.7 | 28.0 | 12.9 | 3.2 | 1.2 | 411 | 1 | 1-2 |
Stomach ache 1 | 39.6 | 31.9 | 21.7 | 5.1 | 1.7 | 414 | 2 | 1-3 |
Headache 1 | 38.7 | 28.5 | 23.6 | 7.3 | 1.9 | 411 | 2 | 1-3 |
Loneliness 2 | 60.5 | 21.5 | 14.8 | 1.4 | 1.7 | 418 | 1 | 1-2 |
Victimization 2 | 55.2 | 24.2 | 16.5 | 2.2 | 1.9 | 417 | 1 | 1-2 |
Loneliness | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Victimization | Never | Seldom | Sometimes | Weekly | Daily | Total |
Never | 184 | 30 | 15 | 1 | 0 | 230 |
Seldom | 46 | 38 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 100 |
Sometimes | 21 | 19 | 24 | 2 | 3 | 69 |
Weekly | 1 | 0 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 9 |
Daily | 0 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 8 |
Total | 252 | 89 | 62 | 6 | 7 | 416 |
Each covariate* adjusted only for gender and grade | Loneliness, victimization, gender and grade included in the model | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Odds ratio | Odds ratio | |||
Estimat (95% CI) | p-value | Estimat (95% CI) | p-value | |
a. Sadness
| ||||
Loneliness | 1.8 (1.4 to 2.2) | <0.001 | 1.7 (1.3 to 2.3) | <0.001 |
Victimization | 1.4 (1.1 to 1.7) | 0.006 | 1.0 (0.8 to 1.4) | 0.799 |
b. Anxiety
| ||||
Loneliness | 2.4 (1.8 to 3.2) | <0.001 | 2.3 (1.7 to 3.2) | <0.001 |
Victimization | 1.7 (1.3 to 2.2) | <0.001 | 1.1 (0.8 to 1.5) | 0.581 |
c. Stomach ache
| ||||
Loneliness | 1.6 (1.3 to 2.1) | <0.001 | 1.4 (1.1 to 1.9) | 0.016 |
Victimization | 1.5 (1.2 to 1.9) | <0.001 | 1.3 (1.0 to 1.7) | 0.074 |
d. Headache
| ||||
Loneliness | 1.6 (1.2 to2.0) | <0.001 | 1.3 (1.0 to 1.8) | 0.046 |
Victimization | 1.6 (1.3 to 2.0) | <0.001 | 1.4 (1.0 to 1.8) | 0.025 |
Not-lonely- not-victim | Lonely-not- victim | Victim-not- lonely | Victim-and- lonely | Total (100%) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Grades | N | (%) | N | (%) | N | (%) | N | (%) | N |
1 | 19 | 59.4 | 4 | 12.5 | 4 | 12.5 | 5 | 15.6 | 32 |
2 | 28 | 53.8 | 6 | 11.5 | 9 | 17.3 | 9 | 17.3 | 52 |
3 | 33 | 64.7 | 5 | 9.8 | 7 | 137 | 6 | 11.8 | 51 |
4 | 31 | 68.9 | 2 | 4.4 | 9 | 20.0 | 3 | 6.7 | 45 |
5 | 28 | 68.3 | 2 | 4.9 | 4 | 9.8 | 7 | 17.1 | 41 |
6 | 32 | 78.0 | 2 | 4.9 | 4 | 9.8 | 3 | 7.3 | 41 |
7 | 36 | 78.3 | 4 | 8.7 | 3 | 6.5 | 3 | 6.5 | 46 |
8 | 29 | 82.9 | 3 | 8.6 | 0 | 0.0 | 3 | 8.6 | 35 |
9 | 27 | 96.4 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 3.6 | 28 |
10 | 35 | 77.8 | 4 | 8.9 | 3 | 6.7 | 3 | 6.7 | 45 |
Total | 298 | 71.6 | 32 | 7.7 | 43 | 10.3 | 43 | 10.3 | 416 |
Sadness | Anxiety | Stomach ache | Headache | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Covariate* | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) |
Not-lonely-not-victim | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
Lonely-not-victim | 3.3 (1.6 to 7.2) | 5.6 (2.4 to 12.8) | 1.9 (0.9 to 4.3) | 2.6 (1.2 to 5.7) |
Victim-not-lonely | 1.3 (0.6 to 2.8) | 2.1 (0.9 to 5.0) | 1.7 (0.9 to 3.5) | 1.4 (0.7 to 3.0) |
Victim-and-lonely | 3.8 (1.9 to 7.6) | 6.5 (3.1 to 13.7) | 3.4 (1.7 to 6.6) | 3.4 (1.7 to 6.8) |