Introduction
Molecular Insights of LAG-3 Function
New Combined Checkpoint Inhibition with Anti-LAG-3 Antibody Relatlimab Plus Anti-PD-1 Antibody Nivolumab in Advanced Melanoma
RELATIVITY-0471 (Assessment by BICR) | Checkmate 0672 (Assessment by investigator) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Relatlimab /Nivolumab | Nivolumab | Ipilimumab /Nivolumab | Nivolumab | ||
ORR % | 43 | 33 | 58 | 44 | |
Median PFS months (95% CI) | 10.2 (6.5–14.8) | 4.6 (3.48–6.44) | 11.5 (8.7–19.3) | 6.9 (5.1–9.7) | |
HR (95% CI)* | 0.78 (0.64–0.94) | 0.78 (0.64–0.96) | |||
Median OS months (95% CI) | NR (34.2-NR) | 34.10 (25.23-NR) | 72.13 (38.2-NR) | 37.6 (29.1-NR) | |
HR (95% CI)* | 0.80 (0.64–1.01) | 0.85 (0.68–1.07)** | |||
1-year | PFS % (95% CI) | 48.0 (42.5–53.4) | 36.9 (31.7–42.1) | 50.04 (44.0–55.0) | 43.04 37.0–49.0) |
OS % (95% CI) | 77.0 (72.2–81.1) | 71.6 (66.6–76.0) | 73.04 (68.0–78.0) | 74.04 (69.0–79.0) | |
2-years | PFS % (95% CI) | 38.5 (32.7–44.2) | 29.0 (23.8–34.4) | 43.04 (37.0–48.0) | 37.04 (31.0–43.0) |
OS % (95% CI) | 63.7 (58.1–68.7) | 58.3 (52.7–63.4) | 64.05 (59.0–69.0) | 59.05 (53.0–64.0) |
Adverse Event | Relatlimab-Nivolumab (N = 359) | Nivolumab (N = 355) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Any grade | Grade 3 or 4 | Any grade | Grade 3 or 4 | |
number of events (%) | ||||
Any adverse event | 345 (97.2) | 143 (40.3) | 339 (94.4) | 120 (33.4) |
Treatment-related adverse event | 288 (81.1) | 67 (18.9) | 251 (69.9) | 35 (9.7) |
Led to discontinuation of treatment | 52 (14.6) | 30 (8.5) | 24 (6.7) | 11 (3.1) |
Treatment-related adverse event in ≥ 10% of patients in the relatlimab–nivolumab group | ||||
Pruritus | 83 (23.4) | 0 | 57 (15.9) | 2 (0.6) |
Fatigue | 82 (23.1) | 4 (1.1) | 46 (12.8) | 1 (0.3) |
Rash | 55 (15.5) | 3 (0.8) | 43 (12.0) | 2 (0.6) |
Arthralgia | 51 (14.4) | 3 (0.8) | 26 (7.2) | 1 (0.3) |
Hypothyroidism | 51 (14.4) | 0 | 43 (12.0) | 0 |
Diarrhea | 48 (13.5) | 3 (0.8) | 33 (9.2) | 2 (0.6) |
Vitiligo | 37 (10.4) | 0 | 35 (9.7) | 0 |
Immune-mediated adverse events | ||||
Hypothyroidism or thyroiditis | 64 (18.0) | 0 | 50 (13.9) | 0 |
Rash | 33 (9.3) | 2 (0.6) | 24 (6.7) | 5 (1.4) |
Diarrhea or colitis | 24 (6.8) | 4 (1.1) | 11 (3.1) | 5 (1.4) |
Hyperthyroidism | 22 (6.2) | 0 | 24 (6.7) | 0 |
Hepatitis | 20 (5.6) | 14 (3.9) | 9 (2.5) | 4 (1.1) |
Adrenal insufficiency | 15 (4.2) | 5 (1.4) | 3 (0.8) | 0 |
Pneumonitis | 13 (3.7) | 2 (0.6) | 6 (1.7) | 2 (0.6) |
Hypophysitis | 9 (2.5) | 1 (0.3) | 3 (0.8) | 1 (0.3) |
Nephritis and renal dysfunction | 7 (2.0) | 4 (1.1) | 5 (1.4) | 4 (1.1) |
Targeting LAG-3 in Uveal Melanoma
(Neo-) Adjuvant Approaches with Relatlimab Plus Nivolumab
A | Clinical trials investigating relatlimab in melanoma | ||||
Condition | Title | Trail ID | Status on ClinicalTrials.gov (Accessed on 27 August 2022) | ||
Metastatic uveal melanoma | A phase 2 study of nivolumab + BMS-986016 (relatlimab) in patients with metastatic uveal melanoma | NCT04552223 | Recruiting | ||
Unresectable or metastatic melanoma | A phase 2 study of anti-PD1 monoclonal antibody (nivolumab, BMS-936558) administered in combination with anti-LAG3 monoclonal antibody (relatlimab, BMS-986016) in patients with metastatic melanoma naive to prior immunotherapy in the metastatic setting | NCT03743766 | Recruiting | ||
Unresectable or metastatic melanoma | A phase 1/2a study to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of relatlimab administered in combination with ipilimumab or ipilimumab alone in participants with unresectable or metastatic melanoma who have progressed on anti-PD-1 therapy | NCT03978611 | Recruiting | ||
Completely resected stage III/IV melanoma | A phase 3, randomized, double-blind study of adjuvant immunotherapy wit relatlimab and nivolumab fixed-dose combination versus nivolumab monotherapy after complete resection of stage III-IV melanoma | NCT05002569 | Recruiting | ||
Stage II melanoma | A phase 2, open label, single arm, clinical trial of neoadjuvant relatlimab and nivolumab in high risk, clinical stage II cutaneous melanoma | NCT05418972 | Not yet recruiting | ||
B | Clinical trials investigating new anti-LAG3 molecules in advanced malignancies including melanoma | ||||
Agent | Class | Condition | Phase | Trail ID | Status on ClinicalTrials.gov (Accessed on 27 August 2022) |
REGN3767 Cemiplimab | Anti-LAG-3 monoclonal antibody Anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody | Advanced malignancies | 1 | NCT03005782 | Recruiting |
RO7247669 (RG6139) | Anti-PD1-LAG-3 bispecific antibody | Solid tumors Metastatic melanoma Non-small cell lung cancer Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma | 1 | NCT04140500 | Recruiting |
IMP321 Avelumab | LAG-3 Ig Fusion Protein Anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody | Solid Tumors Peritoneal Carcinomatosis | 1 | NCT03252938 | Recruiting |
ABL501 | Anti-PD1-LAG-3 bispecific antibody | Advanced solid tumors | 1 | NCT05101109 | Recruiting |
HLX26 HLX10 | Anti-LAG-3 monoclonal antibody Anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody | Adult solid tumor | 1 | NCT05400265 | Not yet recruiting |
HLX26 | Anti-LAG-3 monoclonal antibody | Solid tumor Adult Lymphoma | 1 | NCT05078593 | Recruiting |
LBL-007 Toripalimab Axitinib | Anti-LAG-3 monoclonal antibody Anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody Tyrosine kinase inhibitor | Advanced melanoma | 1 | NCT04640545 | Recruiting |
EMB-02 | Anti-PD1-LAG-3 bispecific antibody | Advanced solid tumors | 1/2 | NCT04618393 | Recruiting |
FS118 | Anti-PD1-LAG-3 bispecific antibody | Advanced cancer Metastatic cancer Squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck | 1/2 | NCT03440437 | Recruiting |
INCAGN02385 INCAGN02390 INCMGA00012 | Anti-LAG-3 monoclonal antibody Anti-TIM-3 monoclonal antibody Anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody | Melanoma | 1/2 | NCT04370704 | Recruiting |
Fianlimab (REGN3767) Cemiplimab Pembrolizumab Placebo | Anti-LAG-3 monoclonal antibody Anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody Anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody | Melanoma | 3 | NCT05352672 | Recruiting |