Introduction
Methods
Document retrieval
Patients
Data collection
DeepSurv
Statistical analysis and plotting
Results
HOFs categorize
Abbreviation | Full Name | Calculation Formula | Inverse Proportional Calculation Abbreviation and Formula | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Alb/Glb ratio | Alb/Glb | ||
2 | Neu × Plt × Mono/Lymph | |||
3 | AAR [33] | Alb-to-ALP ratio; Alb/ALP [34] | Alb/ALP | |
4 | ACrR | Albumin/Creatinine ratio [35] | Alb/Crea | |
5 | ALI | Advanced lung cancer inflammation index [7] | BMI×Alb×Lymph/Neu (BMI = weight[kg]/ height [m]2) | |
6 | ARR | ALP/RDW [36] | ALP/RDW | |
7 | ALRI [37] | AST-Lymph ratio | AST/Lymph | |
8 | API [33] | Age-Plt index | Age/Plt | |
9 | APR [34] | ALP-to-Plt ratio | ALP/Plt | |
10 | AST-to-Plt ratio index | 1) (AST/(AST ULN))/Plt × 100 [38]; 2) AST/Plt [39] | ||
11 | BLR [40] | Baso-to-Lymph ratio | Baso/Lymph | |
12 | CAR [41] | CRP-to-Alb ratio | CRP/Alb | Alb-to-CRP ratio [13]: Alb/CRP |
13 | CRP-to-Lymph ratio | CRP/Lymph | ||
14 | AST-to-ALT ratio | AST/ALT | ||
15 | DFR [45] | D-dimer/Fib ratio | Dim/Fib | |
16 | d-CWL [46] | CRP/(WBC*Lymph) | ||
17 | ELR [40] | Eosin/Lymph | ||
18 | ENLR [47] | Eosin×Neu/Lymph | ||
19 | Fib-to-Alb ratio | Fib/Alb | AFR [17]: Alb/Fib | |
20 | FIB-4 [38] | FIB-4 index | (AST[IU/L]× Age[years])/(ALT[IU/L]1/2 ×Plt [109/L]) | |
21 | 1) Fib/Plt [49] 2) Fib/preAlb [17] | |||
22 | 1) Gran-to-Lymph ratio [19] 2) GGT to Lymph ratio [20] 3) Glc-to-Lymph ratio [21] | 1) Gran/Lymph [19] 2) GGT/Lymph [20] 3) Glc/Lymph [21] | ||
23 | GPR [50] | GGT to Plt ratio | GGT/Plt | |
24 | HALP [13] | HGB × Alb × Lymph/Plt | ||
25 | HII [51] | Haematological inflammatory index [51] | Plt×Lymph/Neu×100 | |
26 | HLAN [13] | (HGB × Lymph ×Alb/Neu)/100 | ||
27 | HLR [52] | HGB-Lymph ratio | HGB/Lymph | |
28 | HPR [52] | HGB-Plt ratio | HGB/Plt | |
29 | LA [53] | Lymph × Alb | ||
30 | LAR [13] | Lymph-to-Alb ratio | Lymph/Alb | ALR [54]: ALP/Lymph |
31 | LFR [55] | LC to FIB ratio | Lymph/Fib | |
32 | 1) Leukocyte Lymph ratio [22] 2) LDH to Lymph ratio [23] | 1) WBC/Lymph [22] 2) LDH/Lymph [23] | ||
33 | Lymph-to-Mono ratio | Lymph/Mono | ||
34 | LWR [58] | Lymph/WBC | LLR (Leukocyte Lymph ratio) [22]: WBC/Lymph | |
35 | MAR [53] | Mono/Alb | ||
36 | MCRP | Mono× CRP [60] | Mono× CRP | |
37 | MER [61] | Mono-to-Eosin ratio | Mono/Eosin | |
38 | Monocyte/granulocyte to lymphocyte ratio | Mono× Lymph/Gran | ||
39 | MHR [63] | Mono to HDLC ratio | Mono/HDLC | |
40 | MP [53] | Mono × Plt | ||
41 | MPV-to-Plt ratio | MPV/Plt | ||
42 | MPctR | MPV/Pct [69] | MPV/PCT | |
43 | MPV/Lymph | |||
44 | MWR [57] | Monocyte-to-white blood cell ratio | Mono/WBC | |
45 | NAR [70] | neutrophil/albumin | Neu/Alb | |
46 | NER [71] | Neutrophil/erythrocyte ratio [71] | Neu/RBC | |
47 | NCRP | Neu× CRP [60] | Neu× CRP | |
48 | NHL [72] | The ratio of the product of Neu and HGB to lymphocytes | Neu×HGB/Lymph | |
49 | NHR [73] | Neu HDLC ratio | Neu/HDLC | |
50 | Neu to Lymph, Plt ratio | 1) Neu/(Lymph × Plt) [31] 2) (Neu×100) /(Lymph×Plt) [47] | ||
51 | Neu/Lymph | |||
52 | NLLR | NLR/ALC [79] | Neu/Lymph2 | |
53 | NM [53] | Neu × Mono | ||
54 | NMR [70] | Neu-to-Mono ratio; Neutrophil/monocyte ratio | Neu/Mono | MNR [80]: Mono/Neu |
55 | NP [53] | Neu×Plt | Neu×Plt | |
56 | NPAR [81] | Neu percentage-to-Alb ratio | Neu_ratio/Alb | |
57 | Neu/Plt | PNR [85]: Plt/Neu | ||
58 | NWR [58] | Neutrophil-to-white blood cell ratio | Neu/WBC | WNR [85]: WBC/Neu |
59 | PAR [13] | Plt-to-Alb ratio | Plt/Alb | |
60 | PCRP | P-CRP [60] | Plt × CRP | |
61 | PDWLR | PDW/lymphocytes [36] | PDW/Lymph | |
62 | PDWPR | PDW/P [86] | PDW/Plt | PLT/PDW [87]: Plt/PDW |
63 | PPR | PDW/PCT [86] | PDW/PCT | |
64 | PLR [40]; | Plt/Lymph | ||
65 | PMR [52] | Plt-Mono ratio | Plt/Mono | |
66 | PWR [89] | Plt/WBC | WPR [85]: WBC/Plt | |
67 | RDW-to-Plt ratio | RDW/Plt | ||
68 | SACR | SAA/CRP ratio [91] | SAA/CRP | |
69 | Systemic immune-inflammation index | Neu × Plt/Lymph | ||
70 | Neu × Mono/Lymph | |||
71 | TCHDR | TChol/HDLC [94] | TChol/HDLC×100 | |
72 | TGHDR | TG/HDLC [94] | TG/HDLC×100 | |
73 | ULR [95] | UA to Lymph ratio | UA/Lymph | |
74 | WBC/CRP [96] | WBC/CRP | ||
75 | WHR [97] | WBC to HGB ratio | WBC/HGB | |
76 | WMR [98] | WBC to MPV ratio | WBC/MPV |
Abbreviation | Full Name | Calculation Formula | |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Alb-TBIL score | 1) 0.66×log10 (TBil[µmol/L]) − 0.085×Alb[g/L] [39]; 2) 0.66×log10 (TBil[mg/dL]) × 17.1 − 0.085 ×Alb [g/dL] × 10 [37] | |
2 | dNLR [12] | Derived NLR | Neu/(WBC ‒ Neu) |
3 | GNRI [13] | Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index | 1.519 × Alb[g/L] + 41.7 × Actual body mass[kg]/Ideal body mass[kg] |
4 | MELD score [62] | Model for end stage liver disease | 9.57×loge(Crea [mg/dL]) + 3.78×loge(TBil [mg/dL]) + 11.2×loge(INR)×6.43 |
5 | PALBI [38] | Plt-Alb-TBIL (score) | {2.02 × log10TBil[mg/dL])} + [− 0.37×{log10 (TBil)}2] + (− 0.04 ×Alb[g/dL]) +{−3.48×log10 (Plt)} + [1.01 × {log10 (Plt)}2] |
6 | 1) 10 ×Alb [g/dL] + 0.005 × Lymph[/mL][13] 2) Alb[g/L] + 5 × Lymph[109/L] [14] |
Abbreviation | Name | Calculation formula | Formula details | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Alb score + CRP score | |||
2 | Alb score + CRP score + HGB score + Lymph score + Neu score | |||
3 | the combination of NLR and GPS | Alb score + CRP score + NLR score | ||
4 | Alb score + dNLR score | |||
5 | Alb score + LMR score | |||
6 | A.L.A.N. score [102] | Alb score + LMR score + Neu score + NLR score | Assign score = 1 to each of the following: Alb < 35 g/L, LMR < 2.1, Neu > 7 × 109/L, NLR > 3 | |
7 | INA [13] | Instant nutritional assessment | Alb score + Lymph score | Assign score = 1 for Lymph < 1.3 × 109/L, score = 2 for Alb < 35 g/L |
8 | CONUT score [13] | the CONtrolling NUTritional status | Alb score + Lymph score + TChol score | Assign scores for Alb (0 = ≥ 3.5 g/dl; 2 = 3.0–3.49 g/dL; 4 = 2.50–2.99 g/dL; 6 = < 2.50 g/dL), Lymph (0 = ≥ 1.6 × 109 G/L; 1 = 1.20–1.59 G/L; 2 = 0.80–1.19 G/L; 3 = < 0.8 G/L), TChol (0 = ≥ 180 mg/dL; 1 = 140–179 mg/dL; 2 = 100–139 mg/dL; 3 = < 100 mg/dL) |
9 | ANPG [103] | Alb score + Neu score | Assign score = 1 to each of the following: Alb < 35 g/L, Neu > 2 or < 7 | |
10 | Alb-NLR | Albumin-NLR [104] | Alb score + NLR score | Assign score = 1 to each of the following: Alb < 39.75 g/L, NLR ≥ 2.39 |
11 | ALBI-PLR [105] | ALBI score + PLR score | Assign scores for ALBI (0 = <-2.60, 1 = ≥-2.6 and < -1.39, 2 =≥-1.39); for PLR (0 = ≤ 150, 1 = > 150) | |
12 | PNI-APRI score [38] | APRI score + PNI score | Assign score = 1 to each of the following: APRI > 0.98, PNI < 46.5 | |
13 | Baso-NLR [106] | Baso score + NLR score | Assign score = 1 to each of the following: Baso < 15 × 106/L, NLR > 2.585 | |
14 | Baso-PLR [106] | Baso score + PLR score | Assign score = 1 to each of the following: Baso < 15 × 106/L, PLR > 232.5 | |
15 | PI [93] | Prognostic index | CRP score + WBC score | Assign score = 1 to each of the following: CRP ≥ 10 mg/L, WBC ≥ 11 × 109/L |
16 | dNLR score + LDH score | |||
17 | dNLR-PNI [107] | the combination of dNLR and PNI | dNLR score + PNI score | Assign score = 1 to each of the following: dNLR > 1.7, PNI < 46 |
18 | Eosin-NLR [106] | Eosin score + NLR score | Assign score = 1 to each of the following: Eosin < 95 × 106/L, NLR > 2.585 | |
19 | Eosin-PLR [106] | Eosin score + PLR score | Assign score = 1 to each of the following: Eosin < 95 × 106/L, PLR > 232.5 | |
20 | F-NLR [108] | a combination of NLR and Fib | Fib score + NLR score | Assign score = 1 to each of the following: Fib > 3.4 g/dL, NLR > 4.1 [103] |
21 | the combination of Plt and LMR | LMR score + Plt score | 1) Assign score = 1 to each of the following: Plt > 221 × 109 /L, LMR < 3.96) [109]; 2) Assign score = 1 to each of the following: Plt > 30 × 104 /µL, LMR < 3.6 [110] | |
22 | MLR-NLR [111] | MLR score + NLR score | Assign score = 1 to each of the following: MLR > 0.36, NLR > 2.77 | |
23 | coNLR-PDW [112] | the combination of NLR and PDW | NLR score + PDW score | Assign score = 1 to each of the following: NLR > 1.59, PDW > 13.0 |
24 | the combination of NLR and PLR | NLR score + PLR score | Assign score = 1 to each of the following: NLR > 2.461, PLR > 248.4 [114] | |
25 | the combination of Plt and NLR | NLR score + Plt score | 1) Assign score = 1 to each of the following: Plt < 15 × 104 /µL, NLR ≥ 2.0) [115] 2) Assign score = 0 for (Plt level < 300 × 109 /L and NLR < 3); score = 1 for (Plt level ≥ 300 × 109 /L and NLR < 3); and score = 2 for (NLR ≥ 3) [116] | |
26 | PIV-LDH [32] | PIV score + LDH score | Assign score = 1 to each of the following: PIV > 366, LDH < 1.5×ULN | |
27 | PLR + PNI [117] | PLR score + PNI score | Assign score = 1 to each of the following: PLR ≥ 150, PNI < 45 | |
28 | Co-PaL [118] | the combination of preAlb and Lymph | PreAlb score + Lymph score | Assign score = 1 to each of the following: preAlb < 180 mg/L, Lymph < 1.5 × 109/L) |
Patient characteristics
Correlation analysis
Feature Analysed | Sex | Age | Smoking | Pathotype | Stage | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Screening Critiria | Sex | 30 for each sex | Female | Male | Male | Female |
Age | 30–65 | 33–78, median 59 | 30–65 | 30–65 | 30–65 | |
Smoking | Never | Never | Never23, Smoking 29 | Never | Never | |
Pathotype | Aden | Aden | Aden | Aden 30, Squa 30 | Aden | |
Stage | I | III | I | III | 15 for each stage | |
Significant Blood Features (rs*) | MCHC(-0.4284), WRPI (-0.323) | API (0.536), FIB4 (0.543) | Neu (-0.3608), AISI (-0.3524), AAR (0.3973), NER (-0.3693), NLPR (-0.3496), NP (-0.3468), NP (-0.3468), SII (-0.3496), COP_NLR (-0.3615) | None | ALRI (0.3334), GGLR (0.4041), GPR (0.343), HII (-0.3205), LMR (-0.3513), NHL (0.3343), SIM (0.3196), PNI_APRI (0.3421) |
DeepSurv Analysis
C-index(95%) | ||
---|---|---|
Features | Train set | Test set |
LOF
| 0.6262(0.5816–0.6707) | 0.6055(0.5737–0.6372) |
LOF + ASS
| 0.6546(0.6415–0.6676) | 0.6006(0.5616–0.6395) |
HOF
| 0.7277(0.7053–0.7501) | 0.5699(0.5203–0.6195) |
HOF + ASS
| 0.7139(0.6972–0.7306) | 0.5865(0.5455–0.6276) |