Background
Methods
Tissue microarray
Immunohistochemistry
Immunohistochemistry scoring
Statistical analysis
Results
PCa patient cohort characteristics
Hh signaling in benign and cancerous prostate tissue
Benign prostate (n) | Prostate cancer (n) | Fisher’s exact test (2-sided) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Epithelial expression | Low (%) | High (%) | Low (%) | High (%) |
p-value |
SHH | 46 (76.6) | 14 (23.3) | 111 (71.6) | 44 (28.4) | 0.497 |
PTCH1 | 17 (26.6) | 47 (73.4) | 114 (76) | 36 (24) |
<0.001
|
SMO | 3 (4.7) | 61 (95.3) | 5 (3.2) | 150 (96.8) | 0.695 |
SUFU | 19 (30.6) | 43 (69.4) | 26 (16.9) | 128 (83.1) |
0.028
|
GLI1 | 44 (73.3) | 16 (26.7) | 130 (83.9) | 25 (16.1) | 0.061 |
GLI2 | 5 (8.2) | 56 (91.8) | 54 (36.5) | 94 (63.5) |
<0.001
|
GLI3 | 18 (29) | 44 (71) | 85 (55.2) | 69 (44.8) |
0.001
|
Cyclin D1 | 54 (93.1) | 4 (6.9) | 94 (61.4) | 59 (38.6) |
<0.001
|
SNAIL | 24 (39.3) | 37 (60.7) | 31 (20) | 124 (80) |
0.005
|
SNAI3 | 59 (95.2) | 3 (4.8) | 134 (86.5) | 21 (13.5) | 0.092 |
Stromal expression | |||||
SHH | 65 (100) | 0 | 153 (100) | 0 | NA |
PTCH1 | 65 (100) | 0 | 152 (100) | 0 | NA |
SMO | 62 (95.4) | 3 (4.6) | 143 (94.7) | 8 (5.3) | 1.000 |
SUFU | 23 (36.5) | 40 (63.5) | 25 (18.1) | 113 (81.9) |
0.007
|
GLI1 | 58 (93.5) | 4 6.5) | 141 (91.6) | 13 (8.4) | 0.783 |
GLI2 | 60 (93.8) | 4 (6.3) | 136 (95.1) | 7 (4.9) | 0.741 |
GLI3 | 63 (98.4) | 1 (1.6) | 146 (98) | 3 (2) | 1.000 |
Correlation between Hh signaling proteins and clinicopathological factors
Pathological T stage (n) | Pathological GS (n) | Surgical margin (n) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fisher’s exact test | pT ≤ 2 (%) | pT > 2 (%) |
p-value | GS < 7 (%) | GS ≥ 7 (%) |
p-value | Negative (%) | Positive (%) |
p-value |
Low epithelial GLI2 | 35 (64.8) | 19 (35.2) | 0.084 | 25 (46.3) | 29 (53.7) |
0.047
| 19 (35.2) | 35 (64.8) | 1.000 |
High epithelial GLI2 | 44 (48.9) | 46 (51.1) | 26 (28.9) | 64 (71.1) | 33 (36.7) | 57 (63.3) |
Prognostic value of Hh signaling in prostate cancer
Hazard Ratio | 95% CI |
p-value | |
---|---|---|---|
pT stage | 3.317 | 1.562–7.045 |
0.002
|
Pathological GS | 2.572 | 1.042–6.346 |
0.04
|
Epithelial GLI3 | 0.418 | 0.197–0.885 |
0.023
|