Cocaine is known to cause several neurological complications including ischemia, hemorrhage, vasculitis, and toxic leukoencephalopathy. The leukoencephalopathy is often suspected to be triggered by levamisole, an increasingly used diluent. Levamisole, developed in the 1960s originally for its immunomodulatory effects, has been used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, nephritic syndrome and as a chemotherapeutic agent, for example [
1]; however, it may cause complications, e.g., neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, cutaneous complications or arthralgia [
2]. Moreover, due to its therapeutic use, levamisole is known to trigger multifocal inflammatory leukoencephalopathy probably due to increased pathologic immune reactions depending on the hereditary predisposition [
3‐
6]. In 2011, Lynch et al. [
7] reported on 203 users with toxic side effects due to levamisole-adulterated cocaine. Because of the short traceability of levamisole showing a half-life period of 5.6 h, the substance could be detected only in approximately a quarter of patients, i.e., 57 out of 203 cases; however, none of them suffered from toxic leukoencephalopathy [
2,
7]. To our knowledge, there are only two reported cases that additionally tested positive for levamisole in an emergency setting and one about 2 months after symptom onset due to hair analysis. Nevertheless, it is suspected that the number of leukoencephalopathies caused by the consumption of levamisole-contaminated cocaine is clearly underestimated [
8‐
10]. We add a case of a 29-year-old woman suffering from severe toxic leukoencephalopathy positive for cocaine, while levamisole testing was negative.