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Erschienen in: Die Unfallchirurgie 1/2024

23.08.2023 | Varusfehlstellung | Leitthema

Einfluss des knöchernen Alignments auf den Bandapparat des Kniegelenks

verfasst von: PD Dr. med. Julian Mehl, Sebastian Siebenlist

Erschienen in: Die Unfallchirurgie | Ausgabe 1/2024

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Zusammenfassung

Die Ausrichtung der unteren Extremitäten im dreidimensionalen Raum wird als Alignment bezeichnet. Biomechanische und klinische Studien konnten in den letzten Jahren zeigen, dass das knöcherne Alignment einen relevanten Einfluss auf den Bandapparat und auf die Stabilität des Kniegelenks hat. Im Fall von ligamentären pathologischen Schäden am Kniegelenk sollte ein mögliches Malalignment daher immer auch diagnostisch beurteilt und ggf. in die Therapieplanung einbezogen werden. Ein varisches Malalignment spielt v. a. im Hinblick auf die Kreuzbänder und die posterolateralen Bandstrukturen eine wichtige Rolle und konnte als Risikofaktor für das Versagen einer Rekonstruktion dieser Bandstrukturen identifiziert werden. Auch für das valgische Malalignment gibt es ähnliche Daten v. a. im Hinblick auf das vordere Kreuzband und den medialen Kapselbandapparat. Abweichungen in der Sagittalebene, und hier v. a. die Inklination der tibialen Gelenkfläche („slope“), sind mittlerweile gut untersucht und haben einen relevanten Einfluss auf die anteroposteriore Stabilität des Kniegelenks und auf die Kreuzbänder. Erste klinische Studien zu operativen Achskorrekturen im selektierten Patientenkollektiv zeigten vielversprechende Ergebnisse mit dem Potenzial, Bandrekonstruktionen vor einem erneuten Versagen zu schützen. Weitere Daten v. a. im Hinblick auf den Stellenwert und die genaue Indikationsstellung einer zusätzlichen Achskorrektur sind jedoch notwendig.
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Metadaten
Titel
Einfluss des knöchernen Alignments auf den Bandapparat des Kniegelenks
verfasst von
PD Dr. med. Julian Mehl
Sebastian Siebenlist
Publikationsdatum
23.08.2023
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
Die Unfallchirurgie / Ausgabe 1/2024
Print ISSN: 2731-7021
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-703X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00113-023-01363-4

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