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Brain Structure and Function

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21.04.2016 | Original Article

Vertex- and atlas-based comparisons in measures of cortical thickness, gyrification and white matter volume between humans and chimpanzees

verfasst von: William D. Hopkins, Xiang Li, Tim Crow, Neil Roberts

Erschienen in: Brain Structure and Function | Ausgabe 1/2017

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Abstract

What changes in cortical organisation characterise global and localised variation between humans and chimpanzees remains a topic of considerable interest in evolutionary neuroscience. Here, we examined regional variation in cortical thickness, gyrification and white matter in samples of human and chimpanzee brains. Both species were MRI scanned on the same platform using identical procedures. The images were processed and segmented by FSL and FreeSurfer and the relative changes in cortical thickness, gyrification and white matter across the entire cortex were compared between species. In general, relative to chimpanzees, humans had significantly greater gyrification and significantly thinner cortex, particularly in the frontal lobe. Human brains also had disproportionately higher white matter volumes in the frontal lobe, particularly in prefrontal regions. Collectively, the findings suggest that after the split from the common ancestor, white matter expansion and subsequently increasing gyrification occurred in the frontal lobe possibly due to increased selection for human cognitive and motor specialisations.

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Titel: Vertex- and atlas-based comparisons in measures of cortical thickness, gyrification and white matter volume between humans and chimpanzees
verfasst von: William D. Hopkins
Xiang Li
Tim Crow
Neil Roberts
Publikationsdatum: 21.04.2016
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in: Brain Structure and Function / Ausgabe 1/2017
Print ISSN: 1863-2653
Elektronische ISSN: 1863-2661
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-016-1213-1

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