Introduction
Materials and methods
Animals
Virus
Experiment no. 1
Experiment no. 2
Viral paresis scale
Score | Description | Signs |
---|---|---|
0 | Normal | Normal, weight-bearing, plantar steppinga with tail up during walking passesb |
1 | Onset of symptoms | Weight-bearing, plantar stepping with mild rotation |
Tail position: | May be down or not fully up | |
Miss-step: | Foot rotated on take-off or landing | |
Weight bearing: | Wobble is present indicating weakness | |
2 | Mild paresis | Mild miss-steps (but able to bear weight) |
Tail position: | Down | |
Miss-step: | Mild, toe curling/dragging on ground foot slightly skids medially or laterally | |
Weight bearing: | A limp may be present indicating weakness | |
Joint movement: | May appear stiffer | |
3 | Moderate paresis | Moderate miss-steps (but able to bear weight) |
Miss-step: | Obvious foot curling/dragging on ground foot obviously skids medially or laterally | |
Weight bearing: | Limb is obviously weak | |
Joint movement: | May appear stiffer | |
4 | Severe paresis | Severe miss-steps (not bearing much weight) |
Miss-step: | Limb mostly drags behind, medially or laterally | |
Weight bearing: | Not much, but limb still used to aid forward motion | |
Joint movement: | Obviously decreased | |
5 | Paralysis | No weight-bearing steps, slight joint movement |
Miss-step: | No stepping, limb only drags | |
Weight bearing: | None | |
Joint movement: | Slight | |
6 | Complete paralysis | No weight-bearing steps, no joint movement |
Joint movement: | None |
Seizure-like activity score
Histological analyses
Antibody | Antibody type | Company, Catalog # | Dilution |
---|---|---|---|
ChAT | Goat pAb | Millipore, AB144P | 1/100 |
ZIKV | Rabbit pAb | IBT, 0308-001 | 1/500 |
iba1 | Goat pAb | Abcam, ab5076 | 1/200 |
GFAP | Rat IgG2a-kappa mAb | Invitrogen, 13-0300 | 1/500 |
CD3 | Rabbit mAb | Abcam, ab16669 | 1/100 |
NF-H | Chick pAb | Aves Labs, NFH | 1/200 |
MBP | Rat IgG2a mAb | Abcam, ab7349 | 1/200 |
Ly6G | Rat IgG2b mAb | Abcam, ab25377 | 1/500 |
α-Bungarotoxin-TMR | Biotium, 00012/00014 | 1/1000 |