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Erschienen in: Der Onkologe 6/2010

01.06.2010 | Leitthema

Adjuvante und palliative Therapie des Pankreaskarzinoms

verfasst von: PD Dr. H. Oettle, U. Pelzer, J. Stieler, H. Riess

Erschienen in: Die Onkologie | Ausgabe 6/2010

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Zusammenfassung

Der einzige kurative Therapieansatz beim Pankreaskarzinom besteht in der kompletten Resektion (R0), jedoch sind bei Diagnosestellung lediglich maximal 20% der Patienten resektabel. Die operationsbedingte Mortalität ist in ausgewiesenen chirurgischen Zentren gering; allerdings erleidet die Mehrzahl der Patienten selbst nach kompletter pathologischer Resektion ein Rezidiv und verstirbt an der Erkrankung. Die mittlere Überlebenszeit nach Resektion liegt zwischen 11 und 23 Monaten, das Fünfjahresüberleben der operierten Patienten zwischen 10 und 25%. Aufgrund der aktuellen Datenlage ist die Durchführung einer adjuvanten Chemotherapie zunehmend akzeptiert. Die guten Ergebnisse mit Gemcitabin zweier Studien haben gezeigt, dass sich eine stabile Datenlage für die adjuvante Behandlung ergibt.
In den Vereinigten Staaten wurde die Radiochemotherapie mit 5-Fluorouracil aufgrund der Ergebnisse einer randomisierten Studie der Gastrointestinal Tumor Study Group (GITSG) als mögliche adjuvante Standardtherapie empfohlen. In Europa wird in der Regel keine Radiochemotherapie eingesetzt. Diese Diskrepanz resultiert aus Widersprüchlichkeiten der publizierten Studien, die z. T. relativ geringe Fallzahlen bzw. methodische Mängel aufweisen.
Die Therapie mit Gemcitabin ist seit über 10 Jahren nach Einführung dieser Substanz die etablierte Standardtherapie in der palliativen Erkrankungssituation. Mit der zusätzlichen Gabe des Tyrosinkinaseinhibitors Erlotinib erzielen selektierte Patienten mit einer Hautreaktion einen deutlichen Überlebensvorteil. Patienten in gutem Allgemeinzustand können nach individueller Abwägung primär einer kombinierten intensivierten Therapie zugeführt werden, da sich hier in den Subgruppen der jeweiligen Studien ein Überlebensvorteil anzeigt.
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Metadaten
Titel
Adjuvante und palliative Therapie des Pankreaskarzinoms
verfasst von
PD Dr. H. Oettle
U. Pelzer
J. Stieler
H. Riess
Publikationsdatum
01.06.2010
Verlag
Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in
Die Onkologie / Ausgabe 6/2010
Print ISSN: 2731-7226
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7234
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00761-010-1851-5

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