Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Der Internist 7/2011

01.07.2011 | Schwerpunkt

Akutes Leberversagen

Wie viel Diagnostik und Therapie braucht mein Patient?

verfasst von: Dr. J. Hadem, A.S. Schneider, M.P. Manns

Erschienen in: Die Innere Medizin | Ausgabe 7/2011

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Zusammenfassung

Das akute Leberversagen ist eine Multisystemerkrankung, die durch eine schwere Leberinsuffizienz mit hepatischer Enzephalopathie gekennzeichnet ist, durch apoptotischen oder nekrotischen Untergang von Leberparenchym verursacht wird und ohne vorbekannte Lebererkrankung auftritt. Die klinische Herausforderung liegt in der frühen Identifizierung von Patienten mit schlechter Prognose und deren rechtzeitiger Listung zur Transplantation. Der vorliegende Beitrag beleuchtet die Grundlagen der Entscheidungsfindung zur Transplantation, aktuelle Aspekte der Intensivtherapie sowie die sklerosierende Cholangitis des Intensivpatienten als Ursache des subakuten Leberversagens.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Acharya SK, Bhatia V, Sreenivas V et al (2009) Efficacy of L-ornithine L-aspartate in acute liver failure: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Gastroenterology 136:2159–2168PubMedCrossRef Acharya SK, Bhatia V, Sreenivas V et al (2009) Efficacy of L-ornithine L-aspartate in acute liver failure: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Gastroenterology 136:2159–2168PubMedCrossRef
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Ananthakrishnan AN, McGinley EL, Saeian K (2008) Effect of hospital volume and teaching status on outcomes of acute liver failure. Liver Transpl 14:1347–1356PubMedCrossRef Ananthakrishnan AN, McGinley EL, Saeian K (2008) Effect of hospital volume and teaching status on outcomes of acute liver failure. Liver Transpl 14:1347–1356PubMedCrossRef
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Andrade RJ, Lucena MI, Fernandez MC et al (2005) Drug-induced liver injury: an analysis of 461 incidences submitted to the Spanish registry over a 10-year period. Gastroenterology 129:512–521PubMed Andrade RJ, Lucena MI, Fernandez MC et al (2005) Drug-induced liver injury: an analysis of 461 incidences submitted to the Spanish registry over a 10-year period. Gastroenterology 129:512–521PubMed
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Antonides C, Berry P, Wendon J et al (2008) The importance of immune dysfunction in determining outcome in acute liver failure. J Hepatol 49:845–861CrossRef Antonides C, Berry P, Wendon J et al (2008) The importance of immune dysfunction in determining outcome in acute liver failure. J Hepatol 49:845–861CrossRef
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Bechmann LP, Jochum C, Kocabayoglu P et al (2010) Cytokeratin-18 based modification of the MELD score improves prediction of spontaneous survival after acute liver failure. J Hepatol 53:639–647PubMedCrossRef Bechmann LP, Jochum C, Kocabayoglu P et al (2010) Cytokeratin-18 based modification of the MELD score improves prediction of spontaneous survival after acute liver failure. J Hepatol 53:639–647PubMedCrossRef
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Bernal W, Hall C, Karvellas CJ et al (2007) Arterial ammonia and clinical risk factors for encephalopathy and intracranial hypertension in acute liver failure. Hepatology 46:1844–1852PubMedCrossRef Bernal W, Hall C, Karvellas CJ et al (2007) Arterial ammonia and clinical risk factors for encephalopathy and intracranial hypertension in acute liver failure. Hepatology 46:1844–1852PubMedCrossRef
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Bernal W, Cross TJS, Auzinger G et al (2009) Outcome after wait-listing for emergency liver transplantation in acute liver failure: a single centre experience. J Hepatol 50:306–313PubMedCrossRef Bernal W, Cross TJS, Auzinger G et al (2009) Outcome after wait-listing for emergency liver transplantation in acute liver failure: a single centre experience. J Hepatol 50:306–313PubMedCrossRef
8.
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Bernuau J, Nicand E, Durand F (2008) Hepatitis E-associated acute liver failure in pregnancy: an Indian puzzle. Hepatology 48:1380–1382PubMedCrossRef Bernuau J, Nicand E, Durand F (2008) Hepatitis E-associated acute liver failure in pregnancy: an Indian puzzle. Hepatology 48:1380–1382PubMedCrossRef
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Bismuth H, Samuel D, Castaing D et al (1995) Orthotopic liver transplantation in fulminant and subfulminant hepatitis. The Paul Brousse experience. Ann Surg 222:109–119PubMedCrossRef Bismuth H, Samuel D, Castaing D et al (1995) Orthotopic liver transplantation in fulminant and subfulminant hepatitis. The Paul Brousse experience. Ann Surg 222:109–119PubMedCrossRef
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Bower WA, Johns M, Margolis HS et al (2007) Population-based surveillance for acute liver failure. Am J Gastroenterol 102:2459–2463PubMedCrossRef Bower WA, Johns M, Margolis HS et al (2007) Population-based surveillance for acute liver failure. Am J Gastroenterol 102:2459–2463PubMedCrossRef
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Brandsaeter B, Hockerstedt K, Friman S et al (2002) Fulminant hepatic failure: outcome after listing for highly urgent liver transplantation – 12 years experience in the nordic countries. Liver Transpl 8:1055–1062PubMedCrossRef Brandsaeter B, Hockerstedt K, Friman S et al (2002) Fulminant hepatic failure: outcome after listing for highly urgent liver transplantation – 12 years experience in the nordic countries. Liver Transpl 8:1055–1062PubMedCrossRef
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Canbay A (2010) Leberparameter und Einschätzung der Leberleistung. In: Canbay A, Gerken G (Hrsg) Die Leber in der Intensivmedizin. Aesopus, Linkenheim-Hochstetten, S 24–37 Canbay A (2010) Leberparameter und Einschätzung der Leberleistung. In: Canbay A, Gerken G (Hrsg) Die Leber in der Intensivmedizin. Aesopus, Linkenheim-Hochstetten, S 24–37
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Canbay A, Jochum C, Bechmann LP et al (2009) Acute liver failure in a metropolitan area in Germany: a retrospective study (2002–2008). Z Gastroenterol 47:807–813PubMedCrossRef Canbay A, Jochum C, Bechmann LP et al (2009) Acute liver failure in a metropolitan area in Germany: a retrospective study (2002–2008). Z Gastroenterol 47:807–813PubMedCrossRef
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Christensen E (2010) Glucocorticosteroids in acute alcoholic hepatitis: the evidence of a beneficial effect is getting even weaker. J Hepatol 53:390–391PubMedCrossRef Christensen E (2010) Glucocorticosteroids in acute alcoholic hepatitis: the evidence of a beneficial effect is getting even weaker. J Hepatol 53:390–391PubMedCrossRef
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Cornberg M, Protzer U, Dollinger MM et al (2007) Prophylaxe, Diagnostik und Therapie der Hepatitis-B-Virus-Infektion – Upgrade der Leitlinie. Z Gastroenterol 45:1–50 Cornberg M, Protzer U, Dollinger MM et al (2007) Prophylaxe, Diagnostik und Therapie der Hepatitis-B-Virus-Infektion – Upgrade der Leitlinie. Z Gastroenterol 45:1–50
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Craig DG, Ford AC, Hayes PC et al (2010) Systematic review: prognostic tests of paracetamol-induced acute liver failure. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 31:1064–1076PubMedCrossRef Craig DG, Ford AC, Hayes PC et al (2010) Systematic review: prognostic tests of paracetamol-induced acute liver failure. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 31:1064–1076PubMedCrossRef
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Dalton HR, Bendall R, Ijaz S et al (2008) Hepatitis E: an emerging infection in developed countries. Lancet Infect Dis 8:698–709PubMedCrossRef Dalton HR, Bendall R, Ijaz S et al (2008) Hepatitis E: an emerging infection in developed countries. Lancet Infect Dis 8:698–709PubMedCrossRef
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Dechêne A, Sowa JP, Gieseler RK et al (2010) Acute liver failure is associated with elevated liver stiffness and hepatic stellate cell activation. Hepatology 52:1008–1016PubMedCrossRef Dechêne A, Sowa JP, Gieseler RK et al (2010) Acute liver failure is associated with elevated liver stiffness and hepatic stellate cell activation. Hepatology 52:1008–1016PubMedCrossRef
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Depka M von (2002) Hämostaseologische Methoden. In: Depka M von (Hrsg) Blutgerinnung – Aktuelle Aspekte der Physiologie, Pathophysiologie, Klinik, Diagnostik, Prophylaxe und Therapie. Uni-Med, Bremen, S 116–128 Depka M von (2002) Hämostaseologische Methoden. In: Depka M von (Hrsg) Blutgerinnung – Aktuelle Aspekte der Physiologie, Pathophysiologie, Klinik, Diagnostik, Prophylaxe und Therapie. Uni-Med, Bremen, S 116–128
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Dureja P, Lucey MR (2010) The place of liver transplantation in the treatment of severe alcoholic hepatitis. J Hepatol 52:759–764PubMedCrossRef Dureja P, Lucey MR (2010) The place of liver transplantation in the treatment of severe alcoholic hepatitis. J Hepatol 52:759–764PubMedCrossRef
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Engler S, Elsing C, Flechtenmacher C et al (2003) Progressive sclerosing cholangitis after septic shock: a new variant of vanishing bile duct disorders. Gut 52:688–693PubMedCrossRef Engler S, Elsing C, Flechtenmacher C et al (2003) Progressive sclerosing cholangitis after septic shock: a new variant of vanishing bile duct disorders. Gut 52:688–693PubMedCrossRef
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Escorsell A, Mas A, de la Mata M, and the Spanish Group for the Study of Acute Liver Failure (2007) Acute liver failure in Spain: analysis of 267 cases. Liver Transpl 13:1389–1395PubMedCrossRef Escorsell A, Mas A, de la Mata M, and the Spanish Group for the Study of Acute Liver Failure (2007) Acute liver failure in Spain: analysis of 267 cases. Liver Transpl 13:1389–1395PubMedCrossRef
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Escudie L, Franqoz C, Vinel JP et al (2007) Amanita phalloides poisoning: reassessment of prognostic factors and indications for emergency liver transplantation. J Hepatol 46:466–473PubMedCrossRef Escudie L, Franqoz C, Vinel JP et al (2007) Amanita phalloides poisoning: reassessment of prognostic factors and indications for emergency liver transplantation. J Hepatol 46:466–473PubMedCrossRef
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Fearing MK, Israel EJ, Sahai I et al (2011) A 9-month-old boy with acute liver failure. N Engl J Med 364:1545–1556PubMedCrossRef Fearing MK, Israel EJ, Sahai I et al (2011) A 9-month-old boy with acute liver failure. N Engl J Med 364:1545–1556PubMedCrossRef
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Garg H, Sarin SK, Kumar M et al (2011) Tenofovir improves the outcome in patients with spontaneous reactivation of hepatitis B presenting as acute-on-chronic liver failure. Hepatology 53:774–780PubMedCrossRef Garg H, Sarin SK, Kumar M et al (2011) Tenofovir improves the outcome in patients with spontaneous reactivation of hepatitis B presenting as acute-on-chronic liver failure. Hepatology 53:774–780PubMedCrossRef
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Gelbmann CM, Ruemmele P, Wimmer M et al (2007) Ischemic-like cholangiopathy with secondary sclerosing cholangitis in critically ill patients. Am J Gastroenterol 102:1221–1229PubMedCrossRef Gelbmann CM, Ruemmele P, Wimmer M et al (2007) Ischemic-like cholangiopathy with secondary sclerosing cholangitis in critically ill patients. Am J Gastroenterol 102:1221–1229PubMedCrossRef
28.
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Hadem J, Schneider AS, Manns MP (2008) Pathophysiologie und Therapie des akuten Leberversagens. Intensivmedizin Up2Date 1:17–33CrossRef Hadem J, Schneider AS, Manns MP (2008) Pathophysiologie und Therapie des akuten Leberversagens. Intensivmedizin Up2Date 1:17–33CrossRef
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Hadem J, Stiefel P, Bahr MJ et al (2008) Prognostic implications of lactate, bilirubin and etiology in German patients with acute liver failure. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 6:339–345PubMedCrossRef Hadem J, Stiefel P, Bahr MJ et al (2008) Prognostic implications of lactate, bilirubin and etiology in German patients with acute liver failure. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 6:339–345PubMedCrossRef
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Hadem J, Tacke F, Bruns T et al (2011) Acute liver failure in Germany 2008–2009: a retrospective analysis by the acute liver failure study group Germany (abstract). J Hepatol 54:S367 CrossRef Hadem J, Tacke F, Bruns T et al (2011) Acute liver failure in Germany 2008–2009: a retrospective analysis by the acute liver failure study group Germany (abstract). J Hepatol 54:S367 CrossRef
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Harrison PM, Wendon JA, Gimson AE et al (1991) Improvement by acetylcysteine of hemodynamics and oxygen transport in fulminant hepatic failure. N Engl J Med 324:1852–1857PubMedCrossRef Harrison PM, Wendon JA, Gimson AE et al (1991) Improvement by acetylcysteine of hemodynamics and oxygen transport in fulminant hepatic failure. N Engl J Med 324:1852–1857PubMedCrossRef
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Harry R, Ausinger G, Wendon J (2002) Clinical importance of adrenal insufficiency in acute hepatic dysfunction. Hepatology 36:395–402PubMedCrossRef Harry R, Ausinger G, Wendon J (2002) Clinical importance of adrenal insufficiency in acute hepatic dysfunction. Hepatology 36:395–402PubMedCrossRef
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Hui C-K, Cheung WWW, Zhang H-Y et al (2006) Kinetics and risk of de novo hepatitis B infection in HbsAg-negative patients undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy. Gastroenterology 131:59–68PubMedCrossRef Hui C-K, Cheung WWW, Zhang H-Y et al (2006) Kinetics and risk of de novo hepatitis B infection in HbsAg-negative patients undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy. Gastroenterology 131:59–68PubMedCrossRef
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Jaeger C, Mayer G, Henrich R et al (2006) Secondary sclerosing cholangitis after long-term treatment in an intensive care unit: clinical presentation, endoscopic findings, treatment and follow-up. Endoscopy 38:730–734PubMedCrossRef Jaeger C, Mayer G, Henrich R et al (2006) Secondary sclerosing cholangitis after long-term treatment in an intensive care unit: clinical presentation, endoscopic findings, treatment and follow-up. Endoscopy 38:730–734PubMedCrossRef
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Jalan R, Olde Damink SW, Hayes PC et al (2004) Pathogenesis of intracranial hypertension in acute liver failure: inflammation, ammonia and cerebral blood flow. J Hepatol 41:613–620PubMedCrossRef Jalan R, Olde Damink SW, Hayes PC et al (2004) Pathogenesis of intracranial hypertension in acute liver failure: inflammation, ammonia and cerebral blood flow. J Hepatol 41:613–620PubMedCrossRef
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Jalan R, Williams R, Bernuau J (2006) Paracetamol: are therapeutic doses entirely safe? Lancet 368:2195–2196PubMedCrossRef Jalan R, Williams R, Bernuau J (2006) Paracetamol: are therapeutic doses entirely safe? Lancet 368:2195–2196PubMedCrossRef
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Jochum C, Gieseler RK, Gawlista I et al (2009) Hepatitis B-associated acute liver failure: immediate treatment with entecavir inhibits hepatitis B virus replication and potentially its sequelae. Digestion 80:235–240PubMedCrossRef Jochum C, Gieseler RK, Gawlista I et al (2009) Hepatitis B-associated acute liver failure: immediate treatment with entecavir inhibits hepatitis B virus replication and potentially its sequelae. Digestion 80:235–240PubMedCrossRef
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Katoonizadeh A, Decaestecker J, Wilmer A et al (2007) MELD score to predict outcome in adult patients with non-acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure. Liver Int 27:329–334PubMedCrossRef Katoonizadeh A, Decaestecker J, Wilmer A et al (2007) MELD score to predict outcome in adult patients with non-acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure. Liver Int 27:329–334PubMedCrossRef
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Kneiseler G, Bachmann HS, Bechmann LP et al (2010) A rare case of propofol-induced acute liver failure and literature review. Case Rep Gastroenterol 4:57–65PubMedCrossRef Kneiseler G, Bachmann HS, Bechmann LP et al (2010) A rare case of propofol-induced acute liver failure and literature review. Case Rep Gastroenterol 4:57–65PubMedCrossRef
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Kulaksiz H, Heuberger D, Engler S et al (2008) Poor outcome in progressive sclerosing cholangitis after septic shock. Endoscopy 40:214–218PubMedCrossRef Kulaksiz H, Heuberger D, Engler S et al (2008) Poor outcome in progressive sclerosing cholangitis after septic shock. Endoscopy 40:214–218PubMedCrossRef
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Lange CM, Bojunga J, Hofmann WP et al (2009) Severe lactic acidosis during treatment of chronic hepatitis B with entecavir in patients with impaired liver function. Hepatology 50:2001–2006PubMedCrossRef Lange CM, Bojunga J, Hofmann WP et al (2009) Severe lactic acidosis during treatment of chronic hepatitis B with entecavir in patients with impaired liver function. Hepatology 50:2001–2006PubMedCrossRef
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Larsen FS, Murphy N, Bernal W et al (2011) The prophylactic effect of mild hypothermia to prevent brain edema in patients with acute liver failure: results of a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial (abstract). J Hepatol 54:S26CrossRef Larsen FS, Murphy N, Bernal W et al (2011) The prophylactic effect of mild hypothermia to prevent brain edema in patients with acute liver failure: results of a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial (abstract). J Hepatol 54:S26CrossRef
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Lee WM, Hynan LS, Rossaro L et al (2009) Intravenous N-acetylcysteine improves transplant-free survival in early stage non-acetaminophen acute liver failure. Gastroenterology 137:856–864PubMedCrossRef Lee WM, Hynan LS, Rossaro L et al (2009) Intravenous N-acetylcysteine improves transplant-free survival in early stage non-acetaminophen acute liver failure. Gastroenterology 137:856–864PubMedCrossRef
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Leithead JA, Ferguson JW, Bates CM et al (2009) The systemic inflammatory response syndrome is predictive of renal dysfunction in patients with non-paracetamol-induced acute liver failure. Gut 58:443–449PubMedCrossRef Leithead JA, Ferguson JW, Bates CM et al (2009) The systemic inflammatory response syndrome is predictive of renal dysfunction in patients with non-paracetamol-induced acute liver failure. Gut 58:443–449PubMedCrossRef
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Lisman T, Caldwell SH, Burroughs AK et al (2010) Hemostasis and thrombosis in patients with liver diasease: the ups and downs. J Hepatol 53:362–371PubMedCrossRef Lisman T, Caldwell SH, Burroughs AK et al (2010) Hemostasis and thrombosis in patients with liver diasease: the ups and downs. J Hepatol 53:362–371PubMedCrossRef
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Mathurin P (2010) The use of corticosteroids in severe alcohol hepatitis: we need to look beyond this controversy. J Hepatol 53:392–393PubMedCrossRef Mathurin P (2010) The use of corticosteroids in severe alcohol hepatitis: we need to look beyond this controversy. J Hepatol 53:392–393PubMedCrossRef
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Mindikoglu AL, Magder LS, Regev A (2009) Outcome of liver transplantation for drug-induced acute liver failure in the United States: analysis of the united network for organ sharing database. Liver Transpl 15:719–729PubMedCrossRef Mindikoglu AL, Magder LS, Regev A (2009) Outcome of liver transplantation for drug-induced acute liver failure in the United States: analysis of the united network for organ sharing database. Liver Transpl 15:719–729PubMedCrossRef
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Müller-Beißenhirtz H (2010) Gerinnungsstörungen bei Lebererkrankungen. In: Canbay A, Gerken G (Hrsg) Die Leber in der Intensivmedizin. Aesopus, Linkenheim-Hochstetten, S 38–65 Müller-Beißenhirtz H (2010) Gerinnungsstörungen bei Lebererkrankungen. In: Canbay A, Gerken G (Hrsg) Die Leber in der Intensivmedizin. Aesopus, Linkenheim-Hochstetten, S 38–65
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Murphy N, Auzinger G, Bernal W et al (2004) The effect of hypertonic sodium chloride on intracranial pressure in patients with acute liver failure. Hematology 39:464–470 Murphy N, Auzinger G, Bernal W et al (2004) The effect of hypertonic sodium chloride on intracranial pressure in patients with acute liver failure. Hematology 39:464–470
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Norvell JP, Blei AT, Jovanovic BD et al (2007) Herpes simplex virus hepatitis: an analysis of the published literature and institutional cases. Liver Transpl 13:1428–1434PubMedCrossRef Norvell JP, Blei AT, Jovanovic BD et al (2007) Herpes simplex virus hepatitis: an analysis of the published literature and institutional cases. Liver Transpl 13:1428–1434PubMedCrossRef
52.
Zurück zum Zitat O’Grady JG, Alexander GJ, Hayllar KM et al (1989) Early indicators of prognosis in fulminant hepatic failure. Gastroenterology 97:439–445 O’Grady JG, Alexander GJ, Hayllar KM et al (1989) Early indicators of prognosis in fulminant hepatic failure. Gastroenterology 97:439–445
53.
Zurück zum Zitat O’Grady JG, Schalm SW, Williams R (1993) Acute liver failure: redefining the syndromes. Lancet 342:273–275CrossRef O’Grady JG, Schalm SW, Williams R (1993) Acute liver failure: redefining the syndromes. Lancet 342:273–275CrossRef
54.
Zurück zum Zitat Ostapowicz G, Fontana RJ, Schiødt FV et al (2002) Results of a prospective study of acute liver failure at 17 tertiary care centers in the United States. Ann Intern Med 137:947–954PubMed Ostapowicz G, Fontana RJ, Schiødt FV et al (2002) Results of a prospective study of acute liver failure at 17 tertiary care centers in the United States. Ann Intern Med 137:947–954PubMed
55.
Zurück zum Zitat Polson J, Lee WM (2005) AASLD position paper: the management of acute liver failure. Hematology 41:1179–1197 Polson J, Lee WM (2005) AASLD position paper: the management of acute liver failure. Hematology 41:1179–1197
56.
Zurück zum Zitat Rank N, Michel C, Haertel C et al (2000) N-acetylcysteine increases liver blood flow and improves liver function in septic shock patients: results of a prospective, randomized, double-blind study. Crit Care Med 28:3799–3807PubMedCrossRef Rank N, Michel C, Haertel C et al (2000) N-acetylcysteine increases liver blood flow and improves liver function in septic shock patients: results of a prospective, randomized, double-blind study. Crit Care Med 28:3799–3807PubMedCrossRef
57.
Zurück zum Zitat Renner EL (2007) How to decide when to list a patient with acute liver failure for liver transplantation? Clichy or King‘s College criteria, or something else? J Hepatol 46:554–557PubMedCrossRef Renner EL (2007) How to decide when to list a patient with acute liver failure for liver transplantation? Clichy or King‘s College criteria, or something else? J Hepatol 46:554–557PubMedCrossRef
58.
Zurück zum Zitat Reuben A, Koch DG, Lee WM (2010) Acute Liver Failure Study Group: drug-induced acute liver failure: results of a US multicenter, prospective study. Hepatology 52:2065–2076PubMedCrossRef Reuben A, Koch DG, Lee WM (2010) Acute Liver Failure Study Group: drug-induced acute liver failure: results of a US multicenter, prospective study. Hepatology 52:2065–2076PubMedCrossRef
59.
Zurück zum Zitat Rezende G, Roque-Afonso AM, Samuel D et al (2003) Viral and clinical factors associated with the fulminant course of hepatitis A infection. Hematology 38:613–638 Rezende G, Roque-Afonso AM, Samuel D et al (2003) Viral and clinical factors associated with the fulminant course of hepatitis A infection. Hematology 38:613–638
60.
Zurück zum Zitat Rolando N, Gimson A, Wade J et al (1993) Prospective controlled trial of selective parenteral and enteral antimicrobial regimen in fulminant liver failure. Hepatology 17:196–201PubMedCrossRef Rolando N, Gimson A, Wade J et al (1993) Prospective controlled trial of selective parenteral and enteral antimicrobial regimen in fulminant liver failure. Hepatology 17:196–201PubMedCrossRef
61.
Zurück zum Zitat Ruemmele P, Hofstaedter F, Gelbmann CM (2009) Secondary sclerosing cholangitis. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 6:287–295PubMedCrossRef Ruemmele P, Hofstaedter F, Gelbmann CM (2009) Secondary sclerosing cholangitis. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 6:287–295PubMedCrossRef
62.
Zurück zum Zitat Saliba F, Camus C, Durand F et al (2008) Randomized controlled multicenter trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of albumin dialysis with MARS in patients with fulminant and subfulminant hepatic failure (abstract). Hepatology 48:4 CrossRef Saliba F, Camus C, Durand F et al (2008) Randomized controlled multicenter trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of albumin dialysis with MARS in patients with fulminant and subfulminant hepatic failure (abstract). Hepatology 48:4 CrossRef
63.
Zurück zum Zitat Schmidt L, Larsen F (2007) MELD score as a predictor of liver failure and death in patients with acetaminophen-induced liver injury. Hepatology 45:789–796PubMedCrossRef Schmidt L, Larsen F (2007) MELD score as a predictor of liver failure and death in patients with acetaminophen-induced liver injury. Hepatology 45:789–796PubMedCrossRef
64.
Zurück zum Zitat Smilkstein MJ, Knap GL, Kulig KW et al (1998) Efficacy of oral N-acetylcysteine in the treatment of acetaminophen overdose. N Engl J Med 319:1557–1562CrossRef Smilkstein MJ, Knap GL, Kulig KW et al (1998) Efficacy of oral N-acetylcysteine in the treatment of acetaminophen overdose. N Engl J Med 319:1557–1562CrossRef
65.
Zurück zum Zitat Squires RH Jr, Shneider BL, Bucuvalas J et al (2006) Acute liver failure in children: the first 348 patients in the pediatric acute liver failure study group. J Pediatr 148:652–658PubMedCrossRef Squires RH Jr, Shneider BL, Bucuvalas J et al (2006) Acute liver failure in children: the first 348 patients in the pediatric acute liver failure study group. J Pediatr 148:652–658PubMedCrossRef
66.
Zurück zum Zitat Taylor RM, Davern T, Munoz S et al (2006) Fulminant hepatitis A virus infection in the United States: incidence, prognosis, and outcomes. Hepatology 44:1589–1597PubMedCrossRef Taylor RM, Davern T, Munoz S et al (2006) Fulminant hepatitis A virus infection in the United States: incidence, prognosis, and outcomes. Hepatology 44:1589–1597PubMedCrossRef
67.
Zurück zum Zitat Tillmann HL, Hadem J, Leifeld L et al (2006) Safety and efficacy of lamivudine in patients with severe acute or fulminant hepatitis B, a multicenter experience. J Viral Hepat 13:256–263PubMedCrossRef Tillmann HL, Hadem J, Leifeld L et al (2006) Safety and efficacy of lamivudine in patients with severe acute or fulminant hepatitis B, a multicenter experience. J Viral Hepat 13:256–263PubMedCrossRef
68.
Zurück zum Zitat Trey C, Davidson CS (1970) The management of fulminant hepatic failure. Prog Liver Dis 3:282–298PubMed Trey C, Davidson CS (1970) The management of fulminant hepatic failure. Prog Liver Dis 3:282–298PubMed
69.
Zurück zum Zitat Vaquero J, Polson J, Chung C et al (2003) Infection and the progression of hepatic encephalopathy in acute liver failure. Gastroenterology 125:755–764PubMedCrossRef Vaquero J, Polson J, Chung C et al (2003) Infection and the progression of hepatic encephalopathy in acute liver failure. Gastroenterology 125:755–764PubMedCrossRef
70.
Zurück zum Zitat Walsh TS, Hopton P, Philips BJ et al (1998) The effect of N-acetylcysteine on oxygen transport and uptake in patients with fulminant hepatic failure. Hepatology 27:1332–1340PubMedCrossRef Walsh TS, Hopton P, Philips BJ et al (1998) The effect of N-acetylcysteine on oxygen transport and uptake in patients with fulminant hepatic failure. Hepatology 27:1332–1340PubMedCrossRef
71.
Zurück zum Zitat Walsh TS, Wigmore SJ, Hopton P et al (2000) Energy expenditure in acetaminophen-induced fulminant hepatic failure. Crit Care Med 28:649–654PubMedCrossRef Walsh TS, Wigmore SJ, Hopton P et al (2000) Energy expenditure in acetaminophen-induced fulminant hepatic failure. Crit Care Med 28:649–654PubMedCrossRef
72.
Zurück zum Zitat Wendon J, Manns MP, Alexander G et al (2010) Acute liver failure: current European perspective (abstract). J Hepatol 52:S13CrossRef Wendon J, Manns MP, Alexander G et al (2010) Acute liver failure: current European perspective (abstract). J Hepatol 52:S13CrossRef
73.
Zurück zum Zitat Westbrook RH, Yeoman AD, Joshi D et al (2010) Outcomes of severe pregnancy-related liver disease: refining the role of transplantation. Am J Transplant 10:2520–2526PubMedCrossRef Westbrook RH, Yeoman AD, Joshi D et al (2010) Outcomes of severe pregnancy-related liver disease: refining the role of transplantation. Am J Transplant 10:2520–2526PubMedCrossRef
74.
Zurück zum Zitat Whitfield K, Rambaldi A, Wetterslev J et al (2009) Pentoxifylline for alcoholic hepatitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 4:CD007339PubMed Whitfield K, Rambaldi A, Wetterslev J et al (2009) Pentoxifylline for alcoholic hepatitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 4:CD007339PubMed
75.
Zurück zum Zitat Yantorno SE, Kremers WK, Ruf AE et al (2007) MELD is superior to King’s college criteria and Clichy’s criteria to assess prognosis in fulminant hepatic failure. Liver Transpl 13:822–828PubMedCrossRef Yantorno SE, Kremers WK, Ruf AE et al (2007) MELD is superior to King’s college criteria and Clichy’s criteria to assess prognosis in fulminant hepatic failure. Liver Transpl 13:822–828PubMedCrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Akutes Leberversagen
Wie viel Diagnostik und Therapie braucht mein Patient?
verfasst von
Dr. J. Hadem
A.S. Schneider
M.P. Manns
Publikationsdatum
01.07.2011
Verlag
Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in
Die Innere Medizin / Ausgabe 7/2011
Print ISSN: 2731-7080
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7099
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00108-010-2793-0

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 7/2011

Der Internist 7/2011 Zur Ausgabe

Kongresse des BDI

BDI-Kongresse

Leitlinien kompakt für die Innere Medizin

Mit medbee Pocketcards sicher entscheiden.

Seit 2022 gehört die medbee GmbH zum Springer Medizin Verlag

Notfall-TEP der Hüfte ist auch bei 90-Jährigen machbar

26.04.2024 Hüft-TEP Nachrichten

Ob bei einer Notfalloperation nach Schenkelhalsfraktur eine Hemiarthroplastik oder eine totale Endoprothese (TEP) eingebaut wird, sollte nicht allein vom Alter der Patientinnen und Patienten abhängen. Auch über 90-Jährige können von der TEP profitieren.

Niedriger diastolischer Blutdruck erhöht Risiko für schwere kardiovaskuläre Komplikationen

25.04.2024 Hypotonie Nachrichten

Wenn unter einer medikamentösen Hochdrucktherapie der diastolische Blutdruck in den Keller geht, steigt das Risiko für schwere kardiovaskuläre Ereignisse: Darauf deutet eine Sekundäranalyse der SPRINT-Studie hin.

Bei schweren Reaktionen auf Insektenstiche empfiehlt sich eine spezifische Immuntherapie

Insektenstiche sind bei Erwachsenen die häufigsten Auslöser einer Anaphylaxie. Einen wirksamen Schutz vor schweren anaphylaktischen Reaktionen bietet die allergenspezifische Immuntherapie. Jedoch kommt sie noch viel zu selten zum Einsatz.

Therapiestart mit Blutdrucksenkern erhöht Frakturrisiko

25.04.2024 Hypertonie Nachrichten

Beginnen ältere Männer im Pflegeheim eine Antihypertensiva-Therapie, dann ist die Frakturrate in den folgenden 30 Tagen mehr als verdoppelt. Besonders häufig stürzen Demenzkranke und Männer, die erstmals Blutdrucksenker nehmen. Dafür spricht eine Analyse unter US-Veteranen.

Update Innere Medizin

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.